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<p style="top:164.9pt;left:94pt;font-size:12.0pt">fter the American Revolution, American </p>
<p style="top:180.9pt;left:94pt;font-size:12.0pt">merchants lost the protection the British </p>
<p style="top:196.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">navy gave to their ships on the seas. In 1785, the </p>
<p style="top:212.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">loss of that protection took on real meaning when </p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">the Ottoman regency of Algiers captured two </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">American merchant vessels and took their crews </p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">into captivity. Over the next decade, American </p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">diplomats tried to establish treaties with the four </p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Barbary states (Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Tripoli) so that no more American ships would </p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">be captured, though around a dozen more were </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">captured in the intervening time. In the late 1790s, </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">all four states agreed to treaties with the United </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">States, but the demands in those treaties were a </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">steep price for the United States to pay.</p>
<p style="top:564.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">The Barbary states had been operating a protection </p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">racket in the Mediterranean for hundreds of years; </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">in exchange for leaving a nation’s ships alone, the </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Barbary rulers insisted on being paid money and </p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">gifts, sometimes at regular intervals but more often </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">upon the slightest pretext. The United States had </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">neither the resources nor the patience to keep up </p>
<p style="top:676.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">this system indefinitely. Beginning in 1794, the </p>
<p style="top:692.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">federal government made halfhearted preparations </p>
<p style="top:708.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">to send a naval force to the Mediterranean to take </p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">care of the problem by force, but undeclared war </p>
<p style="top:164.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">with France between 1798 and 1800 got in the way. </p>
<p style="top:180.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">When the navy finally left for the Mediterranean in </p>
<p style="top:196.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">1801, Tripoli had already declared war.</p>
<p style="top:226.5pt;left:430pt;font-size:35.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">1801</span></p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">When the first squadron arrived in the </p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Mediterranean in July 1801, the United States </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">was no longer at peace. On May 14, 1801, Yusuf </p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Karamanli had ordered the flagpole cut down at </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">the American consulate in Tripoli, a signal that he </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">had declared war. In response, on July 23, William </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Eaton, American consul at Tunis, announced in a </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">circular that Tripoli was officially under blockade, </p>
<p style="top:404.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">anticipating Commodore Dale’s probable strategy. </p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">In principle, Dale agreed with Eaton’s actions, </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">writing to the Secretary of the Navy, “Should the </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">United States Determin to carry on the War against </p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Tripoli it will be highly necessary to keep it closly </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Blockaded.” </p>
<p style="top:516.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">When the squadron arrived in July, the commodore, </p>
<p style="top:532.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Richard Dale, was surprised to learn that war had </p>
<p style="top:548.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">been declared. That change meant the plans that </p>
<p style="top:564.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">had been laid had to change. Given the difficulties </p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">of the task, it is not surprising that during Dale’s </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">command no decisive action occurred. For this first </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">cruise, there was little that could be done aside from </p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">cruise off Tripoli and convoy merchants from one </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">end of the Mediterranean to the other. With only </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">three frigates and a schooner in the squadron, each </p>
<p style="top:676.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">ship had more than enough to keep it busy.</p>
<p style="top:65.8pt;left:264pt;font-size:20.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">THE FIRST</span></p>
<p style="top:103.6pt;left:229pt;font-size:24.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">BARBARY WAR</span></p>
<p style="top:756.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>2</b></p>
<p style="top:161.4pt;left:64pt;font-size:36.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">A</span></p>
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<div id="page3" style="width:629pt;height:809pt;background-image:url('history03.jpg')">
<p style="top:67.3pt;left:45pt;font-size:14.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">ENTERPRIZE V. TRIPOLI</span></p>
<p style="top:100.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Once all the ships were assigned to a task, only </p>
<p style="top:116.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">one frigate was left to actually do the blockade of </p>
<p style="top:132.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Tripoli. The <i>President</i> was meant to maintain the </p>
<p style="top:148.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">blockade along with the <i>Enterprize</i>. As it turned </p>
<p style="top:164.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">out, between sickness, bad weather, and ship repairs, </p>
<p style="top:180.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">the <i>President</i> spent almost no time before Tripoli. </p>
<p style="top:196.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">The one action of any consequence during the first </p>
<p style="top:212.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">squadron’s cruise was accomplished not by one of </p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">the frigates, but by the schooner <i>Enterprize</i> on its </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">way to Malta to get water for the <i>President</i>.</p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">The encounter between the <i>Enterprize</i>, captained </p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">by Andrew Sterett, and the 14-gun, 80-man <i>Tripoli</i> </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">was a promising start for the American squadron. </p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">On August 1, 1801, while flying British colors, the </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Enterprize</i> sighted a ship. When Sterett asked what </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">the ship was doing, its commander replied that </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">it was out “to cruise after the Americans.” Upon </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">hearing this reply, Sterett hauled down the British </p>
<p style="top:404.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">colors, which he had been sailing under in order </p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">to deceive any potential threats, and raised the </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">American flag, firing muskets into the <i>Tripoli</i>. The </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Tripoli</i> fired a partial broadside in return.</p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">The fight lasted about three hours, during which </p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">time the Tripolitans attempted to board the </p>
<p style="top:516.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Enterprize</i> three times. Each time the crew and </p>
<p style="top:532.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">marines repulsed them. The <i>Tripoli</i>’s captain </p>
<p style="top:548.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">also tried a strategy that most sailors considered </p>
<p style="top:564.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">dishonorable: striking his colors and then resuming </p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">the fight. The third time the <i>Tripoli</i> struck, Sterett </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">disregarded the surrender and ordered the vessel </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">to be sunk. Eventually the <i>Tripoli</i>’s crew “cried for </p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">mercy,” and Sterett ordered their officers to come </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">on board the <i>Enterprize</i>. He refused to board the </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Tripoli</i> with his own officers, lest this cry for mercy </p>
<p style="top:676.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">be yet another trick.</p>
<p style="top:708.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">After lying about the destruction of their boat, the </p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Tripolitans eventually came over to the <i>Enterprize</i> </p>
<p style="top:196.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">and revealed the extent of the devastation Sterett </p>
<p style="top:212.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">and his crew had wreaked. Twenty of the eighty </p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">crewmen had been killed, with another thirty </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">wounded. The captain and first lieutenant had </p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">been wounded, and the second lieutenant and </p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">surgeon killed. The <i>Tripoli</i> itself suffered so much </p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">damage that it was almost unable to be sailed, </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">“having received 18 shot between wind and water.” </p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">By contrast, the <i>Enterprize</i> had suffered almost </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">no structural damage and none of the crew were </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">injured at all. </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Because Sterett’s orders did not permit him to take </p>
<p style="top:404.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">an enemy ship as prize, he had to let the <i>Tripoli</i> go, </p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">but not before he cut down its masts and threw all </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">its guns overboard. In practical terms, this victory </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">meant little, but it purportedly demoralized the </p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Tripolitans so much that all the sailors who were </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">to man other corsair vessels deserted them instead. </p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">On the American side, it helped to throw popular </p>
<p style="top:516.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">opinion behind the use of force against the Barbary </p>
<p style="top:532.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">states.</p>
<p style="top:579.3pt;left:317pt;font-size:14.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">STALEMATE</span></p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Capitalizing on the <i>Enterprize</i>’s victory proved </p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">impossible. The difficulty of maintaining peace with </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">the other Barbary states, and maintaining a very </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">small squadron far from supplies and manpower, </p>
<p style="top:676.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">proved barriers too high to overcome.</p>
<p style="top:708.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">As winter fell, the American squadron gave up even </p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">the pretense of blockade. Sailors’ enlistments were </p>
<p style="top:756.9pt;left:579pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>3</b></p>
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<p style="top:212.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">coming to an end, and the squadron’s ships one </p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">by one were ordered home. The war with Tripoli </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">was in stalemate, relations with the other Barbary </p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">states were fragile but holding, and despite the </p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Enterprize</i>’s victory, the Americans had generally </p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">demonstrated that they were only a lesser power in </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">the Mediterranean community.</p>
<p style="top:338.5pt;left:156pt;font-size:35.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">1802</span></p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">The first few months of 1802 saw little activity from </p>
<p style="top:404.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Dale or his squadron. Hamstrung by ineffectual </p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">orders and serious repairs to his ship, Dale spent </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">the winter of 1801-1802 in Toulon. Dale himself </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">prepared to head back to the United States, as his </p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">term as commodore was up. The Secretary of the </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Navy prepared to send a new squadron in order to </p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">arrive in time to re-engage with Tripoli once the </p>
<p style="top:516.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">winter weather cleared.</p>
<p style="top:548.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">However, back in the United States there were </p>
<p style="top:564.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">delays in forming the new squadron. When </p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Dale and the <i>President</i> returned home, the next </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">commodore had not yet even left the United States. </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">At least there was a new commodore, though: </p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Richard Valentine Morris.</p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">With his confidence in the navy’s skill waning, </p>
<p style="top:676.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">William Eaton, erstwhile consul at Tunis, began </p>
<p style="top:692.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">to take matters into his own hands. He and James </p>
<p style="top:708.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Leander Cathcart, the displaced consul at Tripoli, </p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">came up with a plan to reinstate Hamet Karamanli, </p>
<p style="top:68.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">the older brother of the reigning bashaw, Yusuf </p>
<p style="top:84.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Karamanli. Yusuf had deposed Hamet some years </p>
<p style="top:100.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">previous, and Hamet had fled to Egypt. Now Eaton </p>
<p style="top:116.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">and Cathcart wanted to bring him back.</p>
<p style="top:148.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">When Richard Valentine Morris finally arrived in </p>
<p style="top:164.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">the Mediterranean, he found that relations with </p>
<p style="top:180.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Morocco were at a breaking point. Several tense </p>
<p style="top:196.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">weeks resulted, though consul James Simpson at </p>
<p style="top:212.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Tangier was able to finally talk the Moroccan sultan </p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">into a fragile peace.</p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">In June 1802, an American vessel, the <i>Franklin</i> </p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">was captured by a Tripolitan cruiser. The crew </p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">of the vessel was sent to Algiers, where the </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Americans had to rely on the good graces of the </p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">British consul in Algiers and the Danish consul in </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Tripoli, Nicholas Nissen. Eventually Algiers took </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">a hand in redeeming the captives, an outcome </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">that only weakened the American position in the </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Mediterranean.</p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Since Richard Valentine Morris seemed disinclined </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">to act against any of the Barbary powers with force, </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">other captains in the squadron stepped up. Morris </p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">spent almost no time on the blockade of Tripoli. </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">The two who took the lead most frequently were </p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">also the most irascible: Alexander Murray and </p>
<p style="top:516.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Daniel McNeill. Murray and McNeill made no </p>
<p style="top:532.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">secret of their disdain for procedure or for their </p>
<p style="top:548.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">allies.</p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">As the year 1802 came to a close, relations with </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">both enemies and allies were more fragile than ever </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">before. Morris’s apathy did not go unnoticed. In </p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">1803, the commodore was ordered home to face a </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">court-martial for dereliction of duty.</p>
<p style="top:674.5pt;left:429pt;font-size:35.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">1803</span></p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">1803 was a year of considerable diplomatic turmoil </p>
<p style="top:756.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>4</b></p>
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<p style="top:68.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">in the other Barbary states as well as Tripoli. </p>
<p style="top:84.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">From the very beginning of the year, Commodore </p>
<p style="top:100.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Morris could not keep up a show of strength in </p>
<p style="top:116.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">relations with Algiers and Tunis, capitulating to </p>
<p style="top:132.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">their demands or putting them off as best he could. </p>
<p style="top:148.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Consul James Simpson believed that Morocco </p>
<p style="top:164.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">was colluding with Tripoli to break the American </p>
<p style="top:180.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">blockade, and subsequent events gave rather more </p>
<p style="top:196.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">credence to that belief.</p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">After an abortive attempt to negotiate with Tripoli, </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Morris returned to Malta (where his wife and new </p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">baby were residing). He would not leave Malta </p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">again for any significant length of time during </p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">his tenure. Meanwhile, James Simpson tried </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">desperately to keep the peace in Morocco.</p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Commodore Morris’s replacement, Edward Preble, </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">arrived in Gibraltar on September 13, one day after </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Morris received his recall papers from one of the </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">advance ships in Preble’s squadron. Morris returned </p>
<p style="top:404.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">home to face a court-martial for his apathetic </p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">leadership, while Preble had to begin to try to patch </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">things back together. His first task was to deal with </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">the Morocco problem. It was increasingly clear that </p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Morocco was helping Tripoli, and Preble had to </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">find a way to stop it. It took Preble nearly a month </p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">to restore peace with the emperor.</p>
<p style="top:547.3pt;left:45pt;font-size:14.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">CAPTURE OF THE </span></p>
<p style="top:563.3pt;left:45pt;font-size:14.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">PHILADELPHIA</span></p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">On October 31, the focus of the war suddenly </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">shifted from Morocco to Tripoli. While cruising off </p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Tripoli, the <i>Philadelphia</i> had sighted a Tripolitan </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">vessel. Pursuing the vessel into Tripoli harbor, </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">the frigate had run aground four or five miles </p>
<p style="top:676.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">east of the town. Despite cutting away anchors, </p>
<p style="top:692.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">guns, and even the foremast, the crew could not </p>
<p style="top:708.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">lift the <i>Philadelphia</i> off the bar. Four hours of </p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">fire from Tripolitan gunboats and shore batteries </p>
<p style="top:212.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">convinced Captain William Bainbridge that he </p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">could not hope to defeat them. Around sunset, the </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Philadelphia</i> struck its colors and the ship’s crew </p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">were taken prisoner.</p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Though several European nations rallied to the </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">aid of the American prisoners, there was little </p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Commodore Preble could do. Without diplomatic </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">representation in the Tripolitan court, he had to </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">rely on the generosity of others, particularly the </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Danish consul Nicholas Nissen, to provide for </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">the captives. Any retaliatory action would have to </p>
<p style="top:404.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">wait until spring when the weather improved. As </p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">the year ended, Preble did get some good news: </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">the <i>Enterprize</i> and the <i>Constitution</i> had captured </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">a small Tripolitan ketch named the <i>Mastico</i>. They </p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">renamed the ketch the <i>Intrepid</i> and began to make </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">plans for it.</p>
<p style="top:514.5pt;left:409pt;font-size:35.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">1804</span></p>
<p style="top:564.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Throughout the war, certain consuls became </p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">convinced that a naval war was not going to end </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">the war on favorable terms for the United States. In </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">1804, William Eaton increased his work to find a </p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">different solution: reinstate the deposed brother of </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">the reigning bashaw, and negotiate a more favorable </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">treaty with him.</p>
<p style="top:692.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Hamet, the deposed older brother of Yusuf </p>
<p style="top:708.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Karamanli, liked Eaton’s plan in principle, but </p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Eaton found Hamet extremely challenging to work </p>
<p style="top:756.9pt;left:579pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>5</b></p>
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<p style="top:212.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">with. Reports were that Yusuf ’s hold on Tripoli </p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">was loosening, so the time was ripe to bring Hamet </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">forward. But Hamet, despite requesting money and </p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">supplies repeatedly, could not be convinced to begin </p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">the journey toward Tripoli.</p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">While Eaton worked with Hamet, Commodore </p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Preble re-evaluated the navy’s strategy. He </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">concluded that blockading was not sufficient, so </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">he began to make plans to also bombard the city </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">of Tripoli. But first he had to take care of the </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Philadelphia</i> problem.</p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">On February 16, 1804, a handpicked group of men </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">under the command of Stephen Decatur took the </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">ketch <i>Intrepid</i> to Tripoli harbor, accompanied by </p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">the <i>Syren</i>. The <i>Intrepid</i> slipped into the harbor </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">and up to the side of the <i>Philadelphia</i>. As quietly </p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">and quickly as possible, the sailors boarded the </p>
<p style="top:516.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Philadelphia</i>, set charges and then got off. The ship </p>
<p style="top:532.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">burned to a hulk, so brightly that <i>Syren</i>’s crew, miles </p>
<p style="top:548.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">away, could see the flames.</p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">This action did little tactically or strategically, but </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">it improved morale tremendously for the American </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">sailors in the Mediterranean. But the next course </p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">of action was simply to resume the blockade, a </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">task Preble intended to perform with much more </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">stringency than his predecessors. After preparations </p>
<p style="top:676.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">for months, Preble was finally ready to take the full </p>
<p style="top:692.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">squadron to Tripoli.</p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">On August 3, the squadron engaged the Tripolitans </p>
<p style="top:68.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">off the port of Tripoli. The Americans lost no ships </p>
<p style="top:84.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">and only one officer, and they took many prisoners. </p>
<p style="top:100.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">After the battle, Preble stayed off Tripoli for a </p>
<p style="top:116.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">month waiting for the bashaw to communicate </p>
<p style="top:132.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">with him. When nothing was forthcoming, Preble </p>
<p style="top:148.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">decided to try yet another approach.</p>
<p style="top:180.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">The <i>Intrepid</i> once again proved its worth, as </p>
<p style="top:196.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Preble ordered it converted into a fireship, which </p>
<p style="top:212.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Lt. Richard Somers volunteered to pilot into the </p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">harbor and then detonate near the Tripolitan ships. </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">The next day, after loading the <i>Intrepid</i> with the </p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">explosives, Somers and a small crew began to sail </p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">the ketch into the harbor. The crew was supposed </p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">to light a small fire to distract any Tripolitans who </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">might try to stop them, but instead, as the <i>Intrepid</i> </p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">reached its destination, the entire ship blew up </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">prematurely while the crew was still on board. </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">The entire crew was killed, including Midshipman </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Henry Wadsworth, who had been in the </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Mediterranean longer than almost any other officer.</p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Shortly after the <i>Intrepid</i> disaster, Commodore </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Preble had to return home. Though the loss of the </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">ship had been a morale blow, Preble had at least </p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">ratcheted up the pressure on Tripoli. His successor </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">would have to try to capitalize on some of that </p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">success.</p>
<p style="top:530.5pt;left:430pt;font-size:35.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">1805</span></p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">The new commodore who arrived at the end of </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">1804 was in no condition to capitalize on Edward </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Preble’s success. The commodore, Samuel Barron, </p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">was so sick he could barely sail, and the American </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">ships were scattered throughout the Mediterranean </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">to make much-needed repairs and find supplies.</p>
<p style="top:692.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Though Barron would not be on board, he ordered </p>
<p style="top:708.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">the <i>President</i>, the <i>Constitution</i>, and the <i>Constellation</i> </p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">off Tripoli for a cruise. The <i>Nautilus</i> was to cruise </p>
<p style="top:756.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>6</b></p>
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<p style="top:68.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">off Tunis after a quick convoy trip. The <i>Essex</i> was </p>
<p style="top:84.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">ordered to Venice, where Captain James Barron was </p>
<p style="top:100.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">to try to acquire gunboats from the government </p>
<p style="top:116.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">there. Commodore Barron was not sanguine about </p>
<p style="top:132.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Captain Barron’s chances, but since Naples had not </p>
<p style="top:148.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">worked out, he felt he had no choice. While the </p>
<p style="top:164.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Essex</i>, <i>Constitution</i>, and <i>President</i> prepared for the </p>
<p style="top:180.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">cruise in Malta, they were met by the <i>Nautilus</i>, who </p>
<p style="top:196.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">brought in a Tripolitan brig.</p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Captain John Rodgers felt that the time was </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">quickly approaching to strike the death blow to </p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">the Tripolitans. Tripoli’s fleet of gunboats had not </p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">increased since the winter, and Rodgers wanted </p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">to strike before the circumstances changed. But </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">other than infrequent chases, the squadron saw </p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">little activity in their cruise before Tripoli. The </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">real action was happening nearly 600 miles away, </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">where William Eaton and a ragtag band of warriors </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">prepared for an assault on Derna.</p>
<p style="top:419.3pt;left:45pt;font-size:14.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">WILLIAM EATON AND THE </span></p>
<p style="top:435.3pt;left:45pt;font-size:14.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">SHORES OF TRIPOLI</span></p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">On December 1, 1804, William Eaton and a small </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">American force of marines arrived in Rosetta, </p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Egypt, preparing to find Hamet. Successfully </p>
<p style="top:516.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">navigating the political landscape in Egypt proved </p>
<p style="top:532.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">complicated for Eaton, but eventually he was able </p>
<p style="top:548.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">to find Hamet and rendezvous with him outside </p>
<p style="top:564.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Alexandria on February 5. It wasn’t until February </p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">23 that the two came to an agreement about the </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">plan for the coup and the promised results.</p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">On March 4, Hamet and Eaton’s company, now </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">numbering about 400 since some local warriors </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">had joined them, began the march across the desert </p>
<p style="top:676.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">to Derna in Tripoli. Derna wasn’t the capital of </p>
<p style="top:692.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Tripoli, but Eaton hoped a victory at Derna would </p>
<p style="top:708.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">put enough pressure on Yusuf to turn the tide.</p>
<p style="top:212.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">As they marched, the numbers of men waxed and </p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">waned, as various group became disgruntled and </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">left, or heard about the coup and wanted to join. </p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">After meeting up with the <i>Argus</i> on April 16, the </p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">men were resupplied and began to plan the attack </p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">on Derna.</p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Eaton’s forces started the attack on Derna around </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">2:00pm on April 26. By 4:00pm, they had taken </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">the fort. It was a significant victory for a largely </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">unorganized and uncooperative group. However, </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">once Eaton’s company took Derna, their momentum </p>
<p style="top:404.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">disintegrated. Eaton realized now that Hamet could </p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">not be trusted to continue the campaign on his </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">own, so he felt obliged to stay and see the operation </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">through. The navy felt no such compunction. Barron </p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">and Lear had concluded that Hamet Karamanli </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">now should be left to his own fate, and the newly </p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">appointed Commodore John Rodgers agreed.</p>
<p style="top:547.3pt;left:317pt;font-size:14.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">PEACE</span></p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Even before the news of Derna’s fall came, Yusuf </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Karamanli was putting out feelers for peace. On </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">May 29, he sent a messenger to negotiator Tobias </p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Lear with an opening offer. On June 10, the peace </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">treaty was officially drawn up. After meeting with </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">the bashaw on June 20, Commodore Rodgers </p>
<p style="top:676.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">weighed anchor from Tripoli on June 21 along with </p>
<p style="top:692.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Colonel Lear. Peace with Tripoli had been restored.</p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:469pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>—Dr. Abby Mullen</b></p>
<p style="top:756.9pt;left:579pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>7</b></p>
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<div id="page8" style="width:629pt;height:809pt;background-image:url('history08.jpg')">
<p style="top:180.9pt;left:90pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>he Shores of Tripoli</i> is my first game design. </p>
<p style="top:196.9pt;left:90pt;font-size:12.0pt">I never expected to be a game designer, </p>
<p style="top:212.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">but in 2016 I received a copy of <i>Thomas Jefferson </i></p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>and the Tripoli Pirates</i> (by Brian Kilmeade and </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Don Yaeger) and became fascinated by the First </p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Barbary War. I was shocked that there was not a </p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">game on this episode of Early American history. </p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">I did a little more research and realized that this </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">topic would make an excellent game.</p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>The Shores of Tripoli</i> was destined to be a card-</p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">driven game. From the classic <i>We the People</i>, </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">to heavier titles like <i>Sword of Rome</i> and <i>Here I </i></p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Stand</i>, to two of my all-time favorites, <i>Twilight </i></p>
<p style="top:404.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Struggle</i> and <i>1960: The Making of the President</i>, I </p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">have been enamored with how card-driven games </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">can convey so much history and yet be so fun to </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">play. I knew that I wanted <i>The Shores of Tripoli </i>to </p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">be educational—that after two or three plays, a </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">player would have a good grasp of not only the </p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">history but the choices and challenges for both </p>
<p style="top:516.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">the United States and Tripolitania. The best way </p>
<p style="top:532.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">to do that was with small individual decks for </p>
<p style="top:548.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">each nation—unlike in a game with a shared </p>
<p style="top:564.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">deck, where a side may not see some of its most </p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">interesting cards, with individual decks each </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">player will see their best cards and the crunch is </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">when and how to best use those cards. </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">The victory conditions for the United States were </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">easy to determine. After three years of frustration, </p>
<p style="top:676.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">the United States stepped up its blockade and </p>
<p style="top:692.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">hatched a plan to replace Yusuf Qaramanli, the </p>
<p style="top:708.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Tripolitan bashaw, with his pro-American brother </p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Hamet Qaramanli. The pressure convinced Yusuf </p>
<p style="top:180.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">to sign a treaty favorable to the United States. </p>
<p style="top:196.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">Thus, the<i> Treaty of Peace and Amity</i> and <i>Assault </i></p>
<p style="top:212.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>on Tripoli</i> cards. For Tripolitania, the goal was to </p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">have the American price in blood or treasure too </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">high so the Americans would capitulate and start </p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">paying tribute again. Thus, the winning conditions </p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">for Tripolitania. With only a maximum of </p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">twenty-four turns, the tension in Tripoli comes </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">from each side having too much to do and not </p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">enough time to do it. I am very pleased with </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">the excitement near the end of the game, when </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">Tripolitania is racing to get its twelfth gold or </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">sink the fourth American frigate before the U.S. </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">can play its <i>Treaty</i> card or its <i>Assault</i> card.</p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">In designing the game, I wanted to emphasize </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">that Tripolitania was a rational actor and that </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">the First Barbary War was not “the first war on </p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">terror.” It was a state versus state conflict like </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">so many others of that time. There were some </p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">key episodes in the war that I knew I wanted to </p>
<p style="top:516.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">communicate. The initial arrival of the American </p>
<p style="top:532.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">fleet into Gibraltar with the Americans not </p>
<p style="top:548.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">knowing if they were at war or peace, the rather </p>
<p style="top:564.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">dismal partnership with Sweden in blockading </p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">Tripoli, the threat of entry into the war by Algiers, </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">Morocco and Tunis, the capture and subsequent </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">burning of the <i>Philadelphia</i>, and the capture of </p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">Derne. I also wanted to make sure the key figures </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">made their appearance—Qaramanli and Reis for </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">Tripolitania and O’Bannon, Eaton, Sterett, Preble, </p>
<p style="top:676.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">Decatur and Bainbridge for the United States. </p>
<p style="top:692.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">I would have liked to have included a card for </p>
<p style="top:708.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt">Richard Somers, who died while commanding the </p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:326pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Intrepid</i>, but the 27-card limit did not allow.</p>
<p style="top:756.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>8</b></p>
<p style="top:73.8pt;left:256pt;font-size:20.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">DESIGNER’S</span></p>
<p style="top:111.6pt;left:277pt;font-size:24.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">NOTES</span></p>
<p style="top:176.4pt;left:60pt;font-size:36.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">T</span></p>
</div>
<div id="page9" style="width:629pt;height:809pt;background-image:url('history09.jpg')">
<p style="top:68.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">In addition to being educational, I also wanted the </p>
<p style="top:84.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">game to be approachable. Nothing pleased me more </p>
<p style="top:100.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">during in-person play testing than to see a couple </p>
<p style="top:116.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">play against each other or a parent play with an </p>
<p style="top:132.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">older child—and everyone having fun. I knew that </p>
<p style="top:148.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">the game needed to play in an hour or less and have </p>
<p style="top:164.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">simple mechanics. The presentation also needed to </p>
<p style="top:180.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">be outstanding—hence, the solid wood pieces and </p>
<p style="top:196.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">beautiful map and cards. But at the same time, the </p>
<p style="top:212.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">game also needed complex decision-making and </p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">solid replayability. The perfect blend of simplicity </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">and complexity is a difficult needle to thread, but I </p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">hope we succeeded.</p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">I did have to make some trade-offs between </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">historical accuracy and playability. For example, </p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">the American fleet consisted of frigates, brigs </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">and schooners but I treat all the American </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">ships as frigates. The main Tripolitan fleet was </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">a hodgepodge of vessels that I standardized as </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">“corsairs.” Sweden had already declared war on </p>
<p style="top:404.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Tripoli in 1800 and exited the war in 1802, while </p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">in the game the earliest they leave is 1803. I also </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">had to create some alternate history cards for the </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">potential assault on Tripoli. <i>General Eaton Attacks </i></p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Benghazi</i>, <i>Assault on Tripoli</i>, <i>Marine Sharpshooters</i>, </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">and <i>Send in the Marines</i>, as well as <i>Constantinople </i></p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Sends Aid</i> are all cards from that alternate history. </p>
<p style="top:516.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Similarly, the Algerine, Moroccan, and Tunisian </p>
<p style="top:532.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">cards represent the threat that Tripoli’s allies posed </p>
<p style="top:548.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">to the United States, but their allies did very little </p>
<p style="top:564.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">during the actual war. Finally, to allow each player </p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">a bit more freedom to explore their options and </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">strategies, the game can go until the end of 1806, </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">whereas the war itself ended in June of 1805.</p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Thank you so much for buying <i>The Shores of Tripoli</i>. </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">I am very grateful for the assistance provided by </p>
<p style="top:676.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">the U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command, </p>
<p style="top:692.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">the Marine Corps History Division, the Mariners </p>
<p style="top:708.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Museum in Newport News and the U.S. Naval </p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Academy Museum. I am also extremely grateful </p>
<p style="top:68.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">for the hundreds of play testers who took the time </p>
<p style="top:84.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">and effort to take the print and play files and build </p>
<p style="top:100.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">the game and provide amazing feedback. Finally, I </p>
<p style="top:116.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">really appreciate all of the Kickstarter backers who </p>
<p style="top:132.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">put their money and faith in our project. Thank you </p>
<p style="top:148.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">everyone!</p>
<p style="top:195.3pt;left:317pt;font-size:14.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">SUGGESTED BIBLIOGRAPHY</span></p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">In addition to <i>Thomas Jefferson and the Tripoli </i></p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Pirates</i>, ABC Whipple’s <i>To the Shores of Tripoli: </i></p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>The Birth of the U.S. Navy and Marines</i> and Joshua </p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">London’s <i>Victory in Tripoli: How America’s War with </i></p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>the Barbary Pirates Established the U.S. Navy and </i></p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Shaped a Nation</i> both provide good overviews of </p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">the conflict. I am also a fan of Osprey Publishing’s </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">“Essential Histories” series and their <i>The Wars of the </i></p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Barbary Pirates</i> by Gregory Fremont-Barnes does </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">not disappoint.</p>
<p style="top:404.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">For more in-depth reading, Chipp Reid’s pair of </p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">books <i>Intrepid Sailors: The Legacy of Preble’s Boys </i></p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>and the Tripoli Campaign</i> and <i>To the Walls of Derne: </i></p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>William Eaton, the Tripoli Coup, and the End of the </i></p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>First Barbary War</i> are both outstanding. Ian Toll’s </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the </i></p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>U.S. Navy</i> is a masterpiece on the early history of </p>
<p style="top:516.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">the U.S. Navy. Benjamin Armstrong’s <i>Small Boats </i></p>
<p style="top:532.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>and Daring Men: Maritime Raiding, Irregular </i></p>
<p style="top:548.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Warfare, and the Early American Navy</i> is an excellent </p>
<p style="top:564.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">survey of maritime raids and irregular warfare </p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">from the first fifty years of American naval history. </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">There are plenty of biographies to choose from but </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">the two I recommend are <i>Edward Preble: A Naval </i></p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Biography 1761-1807</i> by Christopher McKee and </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>A Call to the Sea: Captain Charles Stewart of the USS </i></p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Constitution</i> by Claude Berube and John Rodgaard.</p>
<p style="top:692.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Finally, watch for Abby Mullen’s <i>A Difficult </i></p>
<p style="top:708.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Undertaking: Conflict and Cooperation in the First </i></p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><i>Barbary War, 1801-1805</i>, coming in 2022.</p>
<p style="top:756.9pt;left:579pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>9</b></p>
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<p style="top:68.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">If you are interested in podcasts, “Sea Control” by </p>
<p style="top:84.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">the Center for International Maritime Security </p>
<p style="top:100.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">(www.cimsec.org) and “Preble Hall” by the United </p>
<p style="top:116.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">States Naval Academy Museum (www.usna.edu/</p>
<p style="top:132.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">museum/) are both fantastic. “Sea Control” has </p>
<p style="top:148.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">some excellent episodes on both naval history </p>
<p style="top:164.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">and war gaming. “Preble Hall” has a number of </p>
<p style="top:180.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">outstanding episodes, but my favorite is EP3: </p>
<p style="top:196.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">The Tripoli War with Dr. Abby Mullen. The two-</p>
<p style="top:212.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">episode special collaboration between “Sea Control” </p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">and “Preble Hall” is also not to be missed.</p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:225pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>—Kevin Bertram</b></p>
<p style="top:307.3pt;left:63pt;font-size:14.0pt"><span style="color:#183661">CREDITS</span></p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>Game Design and Development:</b> Kevin Bertram</p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>Art and Graphic Design:</b> Cathy Bock, Marc </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Rodrigue, Matthew Wallhead</p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>Historical Essay:</b> Abby Mullen, Ph.D.</p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>Naval Advisor:</b> Robert Bishop, USNA ‘64</p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>Executive Producers: </b>Bret Baier, Dan Fellhauer, </p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Jason Matthews, Ruben Rodriguez, Paige Terrill, </p>
<p style="top:516.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Austin Woodruff</p>
<p style="top:548.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>Senior Playtesters:</b> Alison Bishop, Katherine </p>
<p style="top:564.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Bishop, Janice Day, Jason Matthews, Trevor Reed</p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>Playtesters:</b> Martin Akerlund, Bill Allen, </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Jonathan Allred, Elizabeth Anderson, Samantha </p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Anderson, Bob Arhaus, Nathan Arnold, Sandra </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Atwater, Noah Ban, Mike Banks, Tom Barbe, </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Giorgio Barbero, Andrew Baron, Roy Bartoo, </p>
<p style="top:676.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Doug Bass, Patrick Beben, Kevin Berent, Mark </p>
<p style="top:692.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Biggar, Corey Bishop, Chris Blackford, Marc </p>
<p style="top:708.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Blume, Kristof Bodric, Ray Bonilla, Arno Bomans, </p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:63pt;font-size:12.0pt">Mik Bonsall, Jackson Boomhower, Steve Boone, </p>
<p style="top:68.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Keeley Bowers, Shawn Bowers, James Brennan, </p>
<p style="top:84.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Chris Brooks, Ryan Brown, Nikolaj Brucker, Neal </p>
<p style="top:100.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Bryan, Harold Buchanan, Gordon Burg, Scott </p>
<p style="top:116.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Burger, Deividas Burokas, Matthew Butler, Grant </p>
<p style="top:132.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Cadenhead, Thomas Cadenhead, Ty Cadenhead, </p>
<p style="top:148.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Randy Callard, James Campanella, Jerry Campbell, </p>
<p style="top:164.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Robert Carroll, Todd Carter, Simona Centola, Sean </p>
<p style="top:180.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Chick, Christine Chilcott, Ross Chilcott, David </p>
<p style="top:196.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Christians, Irwin Cohen, Forest Cole, Gabriel Cole, </p>
<p style="top:212.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">John Coley, Michel Condoroussis, J.C. Connors, </p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Liam Connors, Grant Cooley, Sarah Cothran, Wes </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Cothran, Andrew Lorenzo Cozzi, Aidan Curran, </p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Jason Covault, Patrick Crowley, John D’Alton, </p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Daniel Daley, John D’Alton, Justin Davis, Howard </p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Dawson, Charles Day, Joris Debien, Michael </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Debije, Alexandra De La Cruz, Stefan DeMarchi, </p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Willis Dell, Paul DiCocco, Carl DiNardo, Lisa </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">DiNardo, Brian Dixon, Scott Dixon, David </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Donahue, Kathleen Donahue, Paul Dobbins, Glenn </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Drover, Herve B. Duval, Matthew Eckel, Charlotte </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Edwards, Michael Edwards, Max Eisenblatter, </p>
<p style="top:404.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Fred Ellsesser, Alan Emrich, James Fardette, Ralph </p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Ferrari, Darryl Ferster, Jeff Finkleday, Maurice </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Fitzgerald, Glenn Flaherty, Jared Frandson, Steve </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Froud, Ray Garbee, Michael Germano, Robert </p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Germano, Danielle Giordano, James Griffith, </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Hernando David Gomez, Nicolas Govin, Jack </p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Greene, Steve Guepet, Dan Gunther, Sandeep </p>
<p style="top:516.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Gupta, Lucy Guritza, Jack Guritza, John Guthrie, </p>
<p style="top:532.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Eric Hallstrom, Pavel Hammerschmidt, James </p>
<p style="top:548.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Hammes, Gabriel Hansberry, Nathan Hansen, </p>
<p style="top:564.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Brian Hard, Dodd Harris, Michael Harris, Jason </p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Hathaway, Christopher Haupt, Zachary Haupt, </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Jan Heinemann, John Heinlein, Graham Henry, </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Luis Hernandez, Tomas Hernell, Brian Herr, </p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Patrick Hildreth, Sebastian Hummel, Scott Huss, </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Daniel Hernandez Iniesta, Theodor Isacsson, Jonas </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Lidström Isegrim, Deb Jennings, Dan Johansson, </p>
<p style="top:676.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Nate Jones, Ron Jongeling, Jay Joyner, Yani </p>
<p style="top:692.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Kalafatis, Adam Kasztenny, Autumn Katerle, Jim </p>
<p style="top:708.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Katerle, Jacob Keith, Barry Kendall, Emmanuel </p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:335pt;font-size:12.0pt">Kern, Darren Kerr, Mark Kidwell, Ian Kilgore, </p>
<p style="top:756.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>10</b></p>
</div>
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<p style="top:68.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Josh Kimble, Sarah Kimble, Chris King, Chad </p>
<p style="top:84.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Kirk, Tabletop Knights, Brandon Koida, Robby </p>
<p style="top:100.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Koreman, Petros Kranias, Brian Kumanchik, </p>
<p style="top:116.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Robert Kurcina, Harold Lajoie, Cherish Lallone, </p>
<p style="top:132.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Sam LaSala, Brian Laskowski, Laura Laskowski, </p>
<p style="top:148.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Javier Lastra, Hipszki Laszlo, Gerard Law, Arnaud </p>
<p style="top:164.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Leclerc, Derek Lenard, David Lent, Steve Leonard, </p>
<p style="top:180.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Joseph Light, Chad Lindsey, Brian Loomis, Paul </p>
<p style="top:196.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Loong, Gilberto Lopez, Thomas Loquvam, Phil </p>
<p style="top:212.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Low, Thomas Lupia, Mike Lyle, Philip Manoff, </p>
<p style="top:228.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Dan Mansfield, Tyrus Manuel, Johnny Mariani, </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Matt Mayse, Eric Mazelis, Noah McHugh, Jake </p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">McInnis, Mark McLaughlin, Leo McMahon, </p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Jordan McMullen, Adam Meledeo, Adrian Michot, </p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Ryan Michot, Stephen Michot, David Mickle, </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Phillip Millman, Scott Miserendino, Marina </p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Mishnayevskaya, Dipti Mohanan, Peter Morris, </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Chad Morrison, Travis Morton, Gray Moser, </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Francesco Motta, Quinn Munnerlyn, Douglas </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Murphy, Jeffrey Myers, Casey Nedry, James Neeley, </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Lisa Nelson, Kyle Nichols, Marcel Nijenhof , John </p>
<p style="top:404.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Noblitt, John Norris, Michael O’Connell, Joseph </p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">O’Donnell, Brian O’Farrell, Timo Ollikainen, </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Marleen Overkamp, Mark Papenfuss, Greg Parker, </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Rick Pasquale, Kim Paul, James Perrett, Matthew </p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Philipps, Garrett Potvin, Allan Prins, Loisyann </p>
<p style="top:484.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Prost, Steve Post, Ben Pulver, Joey Rawlins, Chipp </p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Reid, Michael Rensink, Michael Reste, John </p>
<p style="top:516.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Retzer, Andy Reynolds, Bryan Robison, Herman </p>
<p style="top:532.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Roozen, Morris Roozen, John Ross, Patrick Ross, </p>
<p style="top:548.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Jean-Sebastien Rozon, Ben Rubin, Volko Ruhnke, </p>
<p style="top:564.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Derrick Sanchez, Andrey Sanin, Hans Saunders, </p>
<p style="top:580.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Scott Savory, Aram Schvey, Russell Schwebke, John </p>
<p style="top:596.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Scott, Roger Secrest, Gary Selkirk, Ralph Severson, </p>
<p style="top:612.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Roseann Severson, Edwin Shaw, Alex Shelton, Ken </p>
<p style="top:628.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Shows, Fred Shugars, Zoli Simon, Nathan Smith, </p>
<p style="top:644.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Dylan Snyder, Ryan Snyder, Kyla Sommers, Erin </p>
<p style="top:660.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Sparks, David Sterling, Neil Stevens, Andy Stocker, </p>
<p style="top:676.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Mike Stoodley, Paul Stouthard, Stephen Stover, </p>
<p style="top:692.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Chris Strabala, Peter Svensson, Benjamin Suan, </p>
<p style="top:708.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Andrew Symons, Lenny Talbot, Shaun Taulbee, </p>
<p style="top:724.9pt;left:45pt;font-size:12.0pt">Paige Terrill, Brian Thiel, David Thompson, Richard </p>
<p style="top:244.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Thompson, Brian Thorvilson, Mark Tkac, Doshu </p>
<p style="top:260.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Tokeshi, Lars Toft, Eric Topp, Joel Toppen, Juanmi </p>
<p style="top:276.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Espejo Torres, Attilio Tribuzi, Ransom Trimble, </p>
<p style="top:292.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Ivan Trupkovic, Larry Underwood, Carl van Dam, </p>
<p style="top:308.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Rachel van Dam, Guy van Dille, Mike van Doorn, </p>
<p style="top:324.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Adam van Langenberg, Rob van Wijngaarden, </p>
<p style="top:340.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Antonio Vaquera, Charles Vasey, Tom Volpe, </p>
<p style="top:356.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Nathan Wagner, Aaron Walker, Evan Walter, Eri </p>
<p style="top:372.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Walters, Rich Ware, Mason Weaver, Jonathan </p>
<p style="top:388.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Webb, Michael Webb, Jonathan Weidow, Paul S. </p>
<p style="top:404.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Weintraub, Andrew Wells, Patrick Wells, Philip </p>
<p style="top:420.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Wheeler, Chris Whitaker, Brian White, Michael </p>
<p style="top:436.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">White, Charles Wicklund, Nathan Wilson, </p>
<p style="top:452.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Mick Wood, Joel Wrigley, Kevin Youells, Steven </p>
<p style="top:468.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Zukowski</p>
<p style="top:500.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>A portion of every purchase of </b><b><i>The Shores of Tripoli</i></b><b> </b></p>
<p style="top:516.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>has been donated to TOYS FOR TOTS. Thank </b></p>
<p style="top:532.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>you for your support!</b></p>
<p style="top:564.9pt;left:317pt;font-size:12.0pt">Please visit us online at www.fortcircle.com. </p>
<p style="top:581.7pt;left:317pt;font-size:11.0pt">Copyright © 2020 Fort Circle Games. </p>
<p style="top:597.7pt;left:317pt;font-size:11.0pt">All rights reserved.</p>
<p style="top:756.9pt;left:573pt;font-size:12.0pt"><b>11</b></p>
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