richard: Add info pages.

author: Tor Andersson <tor@ccxvii.net> 2022-11-04 14:43:54 +0100
committer: Tor Andersson <tor@ccxvii.net> 2022-11-16 19:12:55 +0100
commit: 7c181921cd972cf1e18a5bef56c7aa8af6d4b7b5 (patch)
tree: 5398e6e545ea0ebc1217d60ee063c06156e164c9
parent: d40a0267cd9814d2691001ecbbff8e6e67e8bc10 (diff)
download: richard-iii-7c181921cd972cf1e18a5bef56c7aa8af6d4b7b5.tar.gz
15 files changed, 1890 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/info/Richard III 1.02.pdf b/info/Richard III 1.02.pdf
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/info/Richard III 1.02.pdf
diff --git a/info/blocks.html b/info/blocks.html
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+<html>
+<title>Richard III - Blocks</title>
+<style>
+body {
+	margin: 40px;
+	background-color: slategray;
+	color: white;
+	text-align: center;
+}
+div.list {
+	display: flex;
+	flex-wrap: wrap;
+	justify-content: center;
+}
+div.block {
+	width: 60px;
+	height: 60px;
+	margin: 10px;
+	background-size: 700% 900%;
+	background-repeat: no-repeat;
+	box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
+	border-radius: 6px;
+}
+div.block:hover {
+	transform: scale(2.0);
+}
+div.york { border: 3px solid gainsboro; }
+div.lancaster { border: 3px solid brown; }
+div.rebels { border: 3px solid dimgray; }
+
+.block{background-image:url(../blocks.jpg)}
+
+.block_11{background-position:0% 0%}
+.block_12{background-position:16.666666666666668% 0%}
+.block_13{background-position:33.333333333333336% 0%}
+.block_14{background-position:50% 0%}
+.block_15{background-position:66.66666666666667% 0%}
+.block_16{background-position:83.33333333333333% 0%}
+.block_17{background-position:100% 0%}
+.block_21{background-position:0% 12.5%}
+.block_22{background-position:16.666666666666668% 12.5%}
+.block_23{background-position:33.333333333333336% 12.5%}
+.block_24{background-position:50% 12.5%}
+.block_25{background-position:66.66666666666667% 12.5%}
+.block_26{background-position:83.33333333333333% 12.5%}
+.block_27{background-position:100% 12.5%}
+.block_31{background-position:0% 25%}
+.block_32{background-position:16.666666666666668% 25%}
+.block_33{background-position:33.333333333333336% 25%}
+.block_34{background-position:50% 25%}
+.block_35{background-position:66.66666666666667% 25%}
+.block_36{background-position:83.33333333333333% 25%}
+.block_37{background-position:100% 25%}
+.block_41{background-position:0% 37.5%}
+.block_42{background-position:16.666666666666668% 37.5%}
+.block_43{background-position:33.333333333333336% 37.5%}
+.block_44{background-position:50% 37.5%}
+.block_45{background-position:66.66666666666667% 37.5%}
+.block_46{background-position:83.33333333333333% 37.5%}
+.block_47{background-position:100% 37.5%}
+.block_51{background-position:0% 50%}
+.block_52{background-position:16.666666666666668% 50%}
+.block_53{background-position:33.333333333333336% 50%}
+.block_54{background-position:50% 50%}
+.block_55{background-position:66.66666666666667% 50%}
+.block_56{background-position:83.33333333333333% 50%}
+.block_57{background-position:100% 50%}
+.block_61{background-position:0% 62.5%}
+.block_62{background-position:16.666666666666668% 62.5%}
+.block_63{background-position:33.333333333333336% 62.5%}
+.block_64{background-position:50% 62.5%}
+.block_65{background-position:66.66666666666667% 62.5%}
+.block_66{background-position:83.33333333333333% 62.5%}
+.block_67{background-position:100% 62.5%}
+.block_71{background-position:0% 75%}
+.block_72{background-position:16.666666666666668% 75%}
+.block_73{background-position:33.333333333333336% 75%}
+.block_74{background-position:50% 75%}
+.block_75{background-position:66.66666666666667% 75%}
+.block_76{background-position:83.33333333333333% 75%}
+.block_77{background-position:100% 75%}
+.block_81{background-position:0% 87.5%}
+.block_82{background-position:16.666666666666668% 87.5%}
+.block_83{background-position:33.333333333333336% 87.5%}
+.block_84{background-position:50% 87.5%}
+.block_85{background-position:66.66666666666667% 87.5%}
+.block_86{background-position:83.33333333333333% 87.5%}
+.block_87{background-position:100% 87.5%}
+.block_91{background-position:0% 100%}
+.block_92{background-position:16.666666666666668% 100%}
+.block_93{background-position:33.333333333333336% 100%}
+.block_94{background-position:50% 100%}
+.block_95{background-position:66.66666666666667% 100%}
+.block_96{background-position:83.33333333333333% 100%}
+.block_97{background-position:100% 100%}
+
+
+</style>
+<body>
+<h1>
+Richard III - Blocks
+</h1>
+
+<h2>Heirs</h2>
+<div class="list">
+<div class="york block block_11"></div>
+<div class="york block block_12"></div>
+<div class="york block block_13"></div>
+<div class="york block block_14"></div>
+<div class="york block block_15"></div>
+</div>
+<div class="list">
+<div class="lancaster block block_91"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_92"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_93"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_94"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_95"></div>
+</div>
+<div class="list">
+<div class="york block block_26"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_86"></div>
+</div>
+
+<h2>Rose Nobles</h2>
+
+<div class="list">
+<div class="york block block_16"></div>
+<div class="york block block_17"></div>
+<div class="york block block_21"></div>
+<div class="york block block_22"></div>
+<div class="york block block_23"></div>
+<div class="york block block_24"></div>
+<div class="york block block_34"></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="list">
+<div class="lancaster block block_81"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_82"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_83"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_84"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_96"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_97"></div>
+</div>
+
+<h2>Fickle Nobles</h2>
+<div class="list">
+<div class="york block block_25"></div>
+<div class="york block block_27"></div>
+<div class="york block block_31"></div>
+<div class="york block block_32"></div>
+<div class="york block block_33"></div>
+<div class="york block block_41"></div>
+</div>
+<div class="list">
+<div class="lancaster block block_85"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_87"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_71"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_72"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_73"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_67"></div>
+</div>
+
+<h2>Nevilles</h2>
+<div class="list">
+<div class="york block block_35"></div>
+<div class="york block block_36"></div>
+<div class="york block block_37"></div>
+</div>
+<div class="list">
+<div class="lancaster block block_75"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_76"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_77"></div>
+</div>
+
+<h2>Church</h2>
+<div class="list">
+<div class="york block block_46"></div>
+<div class="york block block_47"></div>
+</div>
+<div class="list">
+<div class="lancaster block block_61"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_62"></div>
+</div>
+
+<h2>Mercenaries &amp; Rebels</h2>
+<div class="list">
+<div class="york block block_51"></div>
+<div class="york block block_52"></div>
+<div class="york block block_53"></div>
+<div class="rebels block block_54"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_55"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_56"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_57"></div>
+</div>
+
+<h2>City Levies</h2>
+<div class="list">
+<div class="york block block_45"></div>
+<div class="york block block_42"></div>
+<div class="york block block_43"></div>
+<div class="york block block_44"></div>
+</div>
+<div class="list">
+<div class="lancaster block block_63"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_64"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_65"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_66"></div>
+<div class="lancaster block block_74"></div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/info/cards.html b/info/cards.html
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+<html>
+<title>Richard III - Cards</title>
+<style>
+body { background-color: slategray; margin: 40px; text-align: center; color: white; }
+img { margin: 12px; box-shadow: 1px 1px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); width: 180px; height: 280px; border-radius: 12px; }
+</style>
+<body>
+<h1>Richard III - Cards</h1>
+
+<img src="../cards/card_force_march.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_muster.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_piracy.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_plague.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_surprise.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_treason.jpg">
+
+<img src="../cards/card_2.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_2.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_2.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_2.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_2.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_2.jpg">
+
+<img src="../cards/card_3.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_3.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_3.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_3.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_3.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_3.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_3.jpg">
+
+<img src="../cards/card_4.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_4.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_4.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_4.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_4.jpg">
+<img src="../cards/card_4.jpg">
diff --git a/info/notes.html b/info/notes.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<head>
+<title>Richard III - Notes</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="/fonts/fonts.css">
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="/style.css">
+<style>h1{text-align:center}body{max-width:50rem;margin:0 auto;}</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div class="main">
+
+<h1>
+Richard III: Implementation Notes</h1>
+
+<p>
+The rule book and card texts from Richard III unfortunately leave some things unspecified.
+The interpretations used in this implementation are listed here.
+
+<hr>
+<p>
+How do I designate the attacking main force?
+<p>
+The first block that moves into a contested area defines the main force. Any other blocks
+who enter the battle from the same road also count as being part of the main force.
+The attacking main force move is marked with an asterisk in the game log.
+
+<hr>
+<p>
+If the defender is eliminated mid-round, when are the attacker/defender roles swapped?
+<p>
+Immediately. This means that any (formerly) attacking blocks that haven't fired yet
+can benefit from defender bonuses when firing at the reserve blocks.
+
+<hr>
+<p>
+Are reserves revealed from the start of battle, or only when they enter in round two?
+<p>
+Reserves are kept hidden until they enter the battle in  round two.
+
+<hr>
+<p>
+Does a senior heir in the reserve prevent a junior heir on the field of battle from
+charging or using the defense bonus?
+<p>
+No. Only heirs revealed in combat are looked at when determining the most senior heir
+present.
+
+<hr>
+<p>
+Which shields can Lancaster heirs use for the defense bonus?
+<p>
+The most senior Lancaster heir in the battle can benefit from the common Lancaster shield.
+<p>
+Only Exeter, Somerset, and Richmond can benefit from their owns shields, unless they are dead,
+in which case their shields are treated like the common Lancaster shield.
+
+<hr>
+<p>
+How many heirs are entered if multiple heirs are killed in one turn?
+<p>
+One minor for each heir that has been eliminated.
+
+<hr>
+<p>
+Can I recruit with with the 1 AP from the Force March, Treason, or Surprise cards?
+<p>
+No. The card text says "move one group".
+
+<hr>
+<p>
+Can I use the Treason and Surprise cards for sea movement?
+<p>
+Yes.
+
+<hr>
+<p>
+Can I use the port-to-port bonus with the Piracy event if not attacking?
+<p>
+Yes. The port-to-port bonus is only lost if the event is used to attack with a sea move.
+
+<hr>
+
+<p style="font-style:normal;font-size:36px;text-align:center;margin:0">&#x2766;</p>
diff --git a/info/rules.html b/info/rules.html
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+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Richard III 1.02</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="/fonts/gentium.css">
+<style>
+body{background-color:slategray}
+div{position:relative;background-color:white;margin:1em auto;line-height:0.8;box-shadow:1px 1px 8px -2px black}
+p{position:absolute;white-space:pre;margin:0;font-family:Gentium Basic}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div id="page1" style="width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt;background-image:url('rules01.jpg')">
+<p style="top:57.5pt;left:302.5pt;font-size:24.6pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">RICHARD III</span></b></p>
+<p style="top:378.5pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:17.0pt"><b>INTRODUCTION</b></p>
+<p style="top:400.3pt;left:78.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">The Wars of the Roses lasted thirty-</p>
+<p style="top:413.4pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">two years, from 1455&#x2013;86. However, it was</p>
+<p style="top:426.5pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">not a continuous war. Battles tended to be</p>
+<p style="top:439.6pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">bloody, and neither side could afford to</p>
+<p style="top:452.8pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">maintain a permanent army of any size.</p>
+<p style="top:465.9pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Most military campaigns lasted only a few</p>
+<p style="top:479.0pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">months, separated by 6-12 years of uneasy</p>
+<p style="top:492.1pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">peace.</p>
+<p style="top:515.5pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>Players</b></p>
+<p style="top:529.6pt;left:78.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">The game is intended for two players.</p>
+<p style="top:542.8pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">One player represents the House of</p>
+<p style="top:555.9pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Lancaster (red), the other the House of</p>
+<p style="top:569.0pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">York (white). During the game, either</p>
+<p style="top:582.1pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">player may hold the throne and is called</p>
+<p style="top:595.3pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">the King. The other player is called the</p>
+<p style="top:608.4pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Pretender. These roles can change more</p>
+<p style="top:621.5pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">than once. The game starts with the <i>House</i></p>
+<p style="top:634.6pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>of Lancaster</i> as King, and the <i>House of York</i></p>
+<p style="top:647.8pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">as Pretender.</p>
+<p style="top:671.1pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>THE CARDS</b></p>
+<p style="top:685.3pt;left:78.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">The game has twenty-five (25) cards,</p>
+<p style="top:698.4pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">nineteen (19) Action cards and six (6)</p>
+<p style="top:711.5pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Event cards. At the beginning of each</p>
+<p style="top:724.6pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Campaign, the cards are shuffled, and seven</p>
+<p style="top:737.8pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">(7) cards are dealt <i>face-down</i> to each player.</p>
+<p style="top:750.9pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">The remaining cards are not used this</p>
+<p style="top:764.0pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">campaign.</p>
+<p style="top:787.4pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>CONTENTS</b></p>
+<p style="top:801.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">&#x2022; Game Map</p>
+<p style="top:819.1pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">&#x2022; 63 blocks (31 red, 31 white, 1 black).</p>
+<p style="top:836.4pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">&#x2022; Label sheet (for blocks)</p>
+<p style="top:853.6pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">&#x2022; Cards (25)</p>
+<p style="top:870.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">&#x2022; Dice (4)</p>
+<p style="top:888.1pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">&#x2022; Rules</p>
+<p style="top:101.0pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:17.0pt"><b>1.0 GAME TURNS</b></p>
+<p style="top:122.8pt;left:297.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">The game consists of three (3)</p>
+<p style="top:135.9pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Campaigns</i></b>, each of seven (7) <b><i>Game </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:149.0pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">Turns, for a total of twenty-one Game</p>
+<p style="top:162.1pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">Turns.  A <b><i>Political Turn</i></b> links the</p>
+<p style="top:175.3pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">campaigns.</p>
+<p style="top:192.1pt;left:297.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Each Game Turn has four (4) Phases,</p>
+<p style="top:205.3pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">played in the sequence below.</p>
+<p style="top:228.6pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>1.1 CARD PHASE</b></p>
+<p style="top:242.8pt;left:297.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Each player starts a Game Turn by</p>
+<p style="top:255.9pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">playing <b><i>one</i></b><b> (1) </b>card <i>facedown</i>. The cards</p>
+<p style="top:269.0pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">are then revealed. The player with the</p>
+<p style="top:282.1pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">higher card is Player 1 that Game Turn.</p>
+<p style="top:295.3pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">The Pretender is Player 1 on ties.</p>
+<p style="top:312.1pt;left:297.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Event cards have a special action</p>
+<p style="top:325.3pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">defined on the card. <b><i>The player of an </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:338.4pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Event card is always Player 1. </i></b>If both</p>
+<p style="top:351.5pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">plays are Event cards, the AP values on</p>
+<p style="top:364.6pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">the two cards determines Player 1, but if</p>
+<p style="top:377.8pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">still tied, the Pretender is Player 1.</p>
+<p style="top:394.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>NOTE: </b><i>Players must play a card, but can</i></p>
+<p style="top:407.8pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>do nothing if desired. Actions cannot be</i></p>
+<p style="top:420.9pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>saved for future use.</i></p>
+<p style="top:444.3pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>1.2 ACTION PHASE (5.0)</b></p>
+<p style="top:458.4pt;left:297.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Player 1 plays, then Player 2. Card</p>
+<p style="top:471.5pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">values (&#xf8;-4) equal Action Points (AP).</p>
+<p style="top:484.6pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">Each Action Point allows:</p>
+<p style="top:501.9pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>&#x2022; 1 Move: </b>any/all blocks in one area</p>
+<p style="top:515.4pt;left:291.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">may move one or two areas, but must</p>
+<p style="top:528.9pt;left:291.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">stop if entering an enemy-occupied</p>
+<p style="top:542.4pt;left:291.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">area. See 5.0.</p>
+<p style="top:559.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>&#x2022; 1 Recruit: </b>Choose one block from</p>
+<p style="top:573.1pt;left:291.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">your pool and deploy at full strength on</p>
+<p style="top:586.6pt;left:291.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">the map. See 5.4. Blocks cannot move</p>
+<p style="top:599.8pt;left:291.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">in the same turn they are recruited.</p>
+<p style="top:612.9pt;left:291.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Choose them after all movement is</p>
+<p style="top:626.0pt;left:291.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">complete, or place them face-down</p>
+<p style="top:639.5pt;left:291.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">until you have completed all movement.</p>
+<p style="top:656.4pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>EXAMPLE: </i></b><i>Card AP3 allows 3 Moves, or</i></p>
+<p style="top:669.5pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>2 Moves and 1 Recruit, or 1 Move and 2</i></p>
+<p style="top:682.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Recruits, or 3 Recruits.</i></p>
+<p style="top:706.0pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>1.3 BATTLE PHASE (6.0)</b></p>
+<p style="top:720.1pt;left:297.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">After <i>both</i> players have completed all</p>
+<p style="top:733.3pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">movement, battles are fought by opposing</p>
+<p style="top:746.4pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">blocks in the same area. They are fought</p>
+<p style="top:759.5pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">one at a time in any sequence determined</p>
+<p style="top:772.6pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">by Player 1.</p>
+<p style="top:796.0pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>1.4 SUPPLY PHASE (7.0)</b></p>
+<p style="top:810.1pt;left:297.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Players <i>simultaneously</i> determine if</p>
+<p style="top:823.3pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">Supply Limits (7.1) and Exile Limits (7.2)</p>
+<p style="top:836.4pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">apply. Take losses as necessary.</p>
+<p style="top:853.3pt;left:297.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Repeat phases 1&#x2013;4 until all seven (7)</p>
+<p style="top:866.4pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">cards are played.</p>
+<p style="top:262.0pt;left:515.0pt;font-size:16.6pt"><b><i>Henry of Lancaster </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:279.0pt;left:515.0pt;font-size:14.3pt"><b><i>Henry VI, 1421&#x2013;1471</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:299.0pt;left:515.0pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>But all his mind is bent to holiness</i></p>
+<p style="top:312.5pt;left:515.0pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>To number Ave Marias on his beads</i></p>
+<p style="top:326.0pt;left:515.0pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>His champions are the prophets and apostles</i></p>
+<p style="top:339.5pt;left:515.0pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>His weapons holy saws of sacred writ.</i></p>
+<p style="top:356.8pt;left:553.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Henry VI Part II, Act I, Scene III.</i></p>
+<p style="top:403.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Rulebook Organization</b></p>
+<p style="top:416.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">This rulebook is formatted so that the sidebar</p>
+<p style="top:428.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">(this column) contains examples, clarifications,</p>
+<p style="top:440.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">and historical commentary to help you</p>
+<p style="top:452.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">understand and enjoy this game.</p>
+<p style="top:486.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Margaret of Anjou</b></p>
+<p style="top:499.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Henry VI was not a warrior king, but his</p>
+<p style="top:511.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">dynamic queen, Margaret of Anjou, made up</p>
+<p style="top:523.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">for his lack. Ruthless and driven to preserve the</p>
+<p style="top:535.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">throne for her son, she was defeated only with</p>
+<p style="top:547.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">the death of Prince Edward at Tewkesbury in</p>
+<p style="top:559.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">1471. Margaret is listed on the Henry VI block</p>
+<p style="top:571.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">which would otherwise be rated C2.</p>
+<p style="top:605.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Richard III</b></p>
+<p style="top:618.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">It is possible to play this game and never have</p>
+<p style="top:630.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">the Duke of Gloucester become Richard III.</p>
+<p style="top:642.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">History is changed with each game.</p>
+<p style="top:658.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Richard, Duke of York died at the Battle of</p>
+<p style="top:670.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Wakefield in 1460. His eldest son became</p>
+<p style="top:682.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Edward IV a few months later. If York had</p>
+<p style="top:694.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">survived Wakefield, he would likely have</p>
+<p style="top:706.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">become Richard III in 1461.  This often happens</p>
+<p style="top:718.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">in this game.</p>
+<p style="top:734.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Gloucester was the youngest of York&apos;s four</p>
+<p style="top:746.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">sons. It took the brutal murder of Rutland by</p>
+<p style="top:758.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Lord Clifford (after Wakefield), the execution</p>
+<p style="top:770.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">of Clarence for treason, and the early death at</p>
+<p style="top:782.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">age 40 of Edward IV to bring him the crown.</p>
+<p style="top:794.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Even then he had to overcome a little matter of</p>
+<p style="top:806.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">two princes, sons of Edward IV. Gloucester has</p>
+<p style="top:818.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">a very good chance of becoming king in this</p>
+<p style="top:830.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">game, perhaps as Richard IV, but he may also</p>
+<p style="top:842.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">die in battle before gaining the crown.</p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Copyright &#xa9; 2009 Columbia Games and Jerry Taylor</b></p>
+<p style="top:929.8pt;left:380.0pt;font-size:14.6pt"><b>1</b><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:633.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Version 1.02</b></p>
+</div>
+<div id="page2" style="width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt;background-image:url('rules02.jpg')">
+<p style="top:57.5pt;left:302.5pt;font-size:24.6pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">RICHARD III</span></b></p>
+<p style="top:101.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:17.0pt"><b>2.0 MAPBOARD</b></p>
+<p style="top:122.8pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">The mapboard depicts England and</p>
+<p style="top:135.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Wales in the 15th century. The Lancaster</p>
+<p style="top:149.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">player sits at the north edge of the map,</p>
+<p style="top:162.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">the York player at the south edge.</p>
+<p style="top:185.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>2.1 AREAS</b></p>
+<p style="top:199.6pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">The map is divided into areas to</p>
+<p style="top:212.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">govern the movement and location of</p>
+<p style="top:225.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">blocks. Areas are separated by yellow,</p>
+<p style="top:239.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">blue, or red borders (5.21) which restrict</p>
+<p style="top:252.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">movement.</p>
+<p style="top:269.0pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Areas can be Friendly, Enemy,</p>
+<p style="top:282.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Vacant, or Contested. Changes to area</p>
+<p style="top:295.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">control are effective <b><i>immediately</i></b>.</p>
+<p style="top:310.9pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Friendly: </b>area occupied by one or</p>
+<p style="top:324.0pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">more of your blocks.</p>
+<p style="top:340.9pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Enemy: </b>area occupied by one or more</p>
+<p style="top:354.0pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">enemy blocks.</p>
+<p style="top:370.9pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Vacant: </b>area containing no blocks.</p>
+<p style="top:387.8pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Contested: </b>area containing blocks of</p>
+<p style="top:400.9pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">both players, awaiting Battle Resolution.</p>
+<p style="top:424.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>2.2 SHIELDS</b></p>
+<p style="top:438.4pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">The major estates for nobles are</p>
+<p style="top:451.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">indicated by shields. Some areas contain</p>
+<p style="top:464.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">shields for two or more different nobles,</p>
+<p style="top:477.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">and some nobles have shields in two or</p>
+<p style="top:490.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">more different areas.</p>
+<p style="top:507.8pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Shields provide a combat benefit of +1</p>
+<p style="top:520.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">firepower (B2=B3) for their noble(s) when</p>
+<p style="top:534.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>defending</i></b> (not attacking). The defensive</p>
+<p style="top:547.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">benefit applies for the <i>Defender</i>, even if</p>
+<p style="top:560.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">the noble moves there this Game Turn, or</p>
+<p style="top:573.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">defects during battle.</p>
+<p style="top:590.3pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">When two or more <b>heirs</b> defend a</p>
+<p style="top:603.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">shield (or Crown: see 2.3) only the <b><i>senior</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:616.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">heir present at the instant of fire gains the</p>
+<p style="top:629.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">combat benefit.</p>
+<p style="top:646.5pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">York has three shields on the map.</p>
+<p style="top:659.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Any York heir can use any of them as</p>
+<p style="top:672.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">home shields. Lancaster has five shields,</p>
+<p style="top:685.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">but three of them are specific: Exeter</p>
+<p style="top:699.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">(Cornwall), Somerset (Dorset), and</p>
+<p style="top:712.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Richmond (Pembroke). A Lancaster heir</p>
+<p style="top:725.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">can use these shields only if the assigned</p>
+<p style="top:738.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">noble is dead.</p>
+<p style="top:761.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>2.3 CROWNS</b></p>
+<p style="top:775.9pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Some areas contain a <b><i>Crown</i></b> symbol.</p>
+<p style="top:789.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Each crown provides the same defensive</p>
+<p style="top:802.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">benefits of a shield (2.2) to the current</p>
+<p style="top:815.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">King or one <b><i>royal</i></b> <b><i>heir</i></b>.</p>
+<p style="top:832.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>IMPORTANT: </i></b><i>The senior royal heir</i></p>
+<p style="top:845.3pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>in a battle is +2 firepower defending his</i></p>
+<p style="top:858.4pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>shield and a crown. Hence, Exeter defends</i></p>
+<p style="top:871.5pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Cornwall at A3, but a more senior heir, if</i></p>
+<p style="top:884.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>present, would get the crown +1 instead.</i></p>
+<p style="top:101.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>2.4 CITIES</b></p>
+<p style="top:115.3pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Seven cities are shown on the map:</p>
+<p style="top:128.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Bristol, Coventry, London, Newcastle,</i></p>
+<p style="top:141.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Norwich, Salisbury, </i>and<i> York &#x2013; </i>four cities</p>
+<p style="top:154.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">favor Lancaster (red names) and three</p>
+<p style="top:167.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">favor York (white names). Each city has a</p>
+<p style="top:180.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">specific levy block. Levies are +1 firepower</p>
+<p style="top:194.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">(C3=C4) when defending their city.</p>
+<p style="top:217.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>2.5 CATHEDRALS</b></p>
+<p style="top:231.5pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Two cathedrals exist, <b><i>Canterbury</i></b> and</p>
+<p style="top:245.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>York</i></b>, the centers of the two archdioceses.</p>
+<p style="top:258.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">The associated church block is +1</p>
+<p style="top:272.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">firepower when defending its cathedral.</p>
+<p style="top:295.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>2.6 WALES</b></p>
+<p style="top:309.5pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Wales consists of four areas: <i>Pembroke</i>,</p>
+<p style="top:322.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Caernarvon</i>, <i>Powys</i>, &amp; <i>Glamorgan</i>. These</p>
+<p style="top:335.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">areas can be freely used by either player.</p>
+<p style="top:348.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">They are <b><i>not</i></b> exile areas. The Welsh block</p>
+<p style="top:362.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">is +1 firepower (A2=A3) when defending</p>
+<p style="top:375.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">any of the four areas of Wales.</p>
+<p style="top:398.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>2.7 EXILE</b></p>
+<p style="top:412.6pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Each player has two exile areas:</p>
+<p style="top:429.5pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Lancaster: </b><i>France</i> &amp; <i>Scotland</i></p>
+<p style="top:443.9pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>York: </b><i>Calais</i> &amp; <i>Ireland</i></p>
+<p style="top:461.1pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">These areas can <b><i>never</i></b> be attacked or</p>
+<p style="top:474.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">entered by the enemy player.</p>
+<p style="top:498.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>2.71 Ireland</b></p>
+<p style="top:512.1pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Ireland</i> is home for the <b><i>Irish</i></b> block.</p>
+<p style="top:525.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Movement to/from <i>Ireland</i> requires a Sea</p>
+<p style="top:538.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Move (5.3) through the <i>Irish Sea </i>zone.</p>
+<p style="top:561.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>2.72 Scotland</b></p>
+<p style="top:575.9pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Scotland</i> is home for the <b><i>Scots</i></b> block.</p>
+<p style="top:589.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Lancaster blocks can enter <i>Scotland</i> by</p>
+<p style="top:602.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">move, retreat, or regroup.</p>
+<p style="top:625.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>2.8 SEAS</b></p>
+<p style="top:642.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>2.81 Sea Zones</b></p>
+<p style="top:656.5pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">There are three Sea Zones: <i>North</i></p>
+<p style="top:669.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Sea, English Channel, </i>and<i> Irish Sea.</i> Kent</p>
+<p style="top:682.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">separates the <i>North Sea</i> from the <i>English</i></p>
+<p style="top:695.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Channel. </i>Cornwall separates the <i>English</i></p>
+<p style="top:709.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Channel</i> from the <i>Irish Sea. </i>Scotland<i></i></p>
+<p style="top:722.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>separates the North Sea from the Irish Sea.</i></p>
+<p style="top:741.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>2.82 Islands</b></p>
+<p style="top:755.9pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">The Isle of Wight and Anglesey</p>
+<p style="top:769.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">are unplayable islands. The Isle of Man</p>
+<p style="top:782.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">contains one of two shields for Lord</p>
+<p style="top:795.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Stanley. Movement to/from this island</p>
+<p style="top:808.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">requires a Sea Move (5.3).</p>
+<p style="top:831.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>2.83 Ports</b></p>
+<p style="top:845.9pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">All coastal areas contain minor ports,</p>
+<p style="top:859.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">but several contain a ship symbol that</p>
+<p style="top:872.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">designates a <b><i>major port.</i></b> Ports improve</p>
+<p style="top:885.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Sea Movement (5.3).</p>
+<p style="top:256.8pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:16.6pt"><b><i>Richard Plantagenet </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:273.6pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:14.3pt"><b><i>Duke of York, 1411 &#x2013;1460</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:293.8pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>And, by my soul, this pale and angry rose</i></p>
+<p style="top:307.3pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>As cognizance of my blood-drinking hate</i></p>
+<p style="top:320.8pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Will I forever, and my faction wear</i></p>
+<p style="top:334.3pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Until it wither with me to my grave</i></p>
+<p style="top:347.8pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Or flourish to the height of my decree.</i></p>
+<p style="top:365.0pt;left:566.3pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Henry VI Part I, Act II, Scene IV.</i></p>
+<p style="top:423.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Shields</b></p>
+<p style="top:436.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Most noble shields depict heraldic arms,</p>
+<p style="top:448.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">sometimes in the simplified form found on</p>
+<p style="top:460.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">banners and worn by retainers. A major</p>
+<p style="top:472.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">exception is the <i>House of York </i>who are all shown</p>
+<p style="top:484.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">bearing the famous <i>Sun in Spendor </i>badge of</p>
+<p style="top:496.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Edward IV. Their actual arms are too similar</p>
+<p style="top:508.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">to those of the <i>House of Lancaster.  </i>We have</p>
+<p style="top:520.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">also given historical badges to three Nevilles</p>
+<p style="top:532.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">(Kent, Salisbury, Warwick) and to the Earls of</p>
+<p style="top:544.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Pembroke and Devon.</p>
+<p style="top:563.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Royal Shields</b></p>
+<p style="top:576.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Three of the five Lancaster royal shields are</p>
+<p style="top:588.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">home to specific heirs. For example, Dorset</p>
+<p style="top:600.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">is the home shield for Somerset, but becomes</p>
+<p style="top:612.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">available to any Lancastrian heir should</p>
+<p style="top:624.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Somerset be killed.</p>
+<p style="top:642.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Battle Sites</b></p>
+<p style="top:655.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">The main battles of the war are shown on the</p>
+<p style="top:667.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">map, red for Lancastrian victories and white for</p>
+<p style="top:679.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Yorkist victories.</p>
+<p style="top:698.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Castles &amp; Towns</b></p>
+<p style="top:711.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">The small orange circles are significant castles</p>
+<p style="top:723.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">and towns. They are included only for historical</p>
+<p style="top:735.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">interest.</p>
+<p style="top:753.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Cathedrals</b></p>
+<p style="top:766.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">The church had huge landholdings and bishops</p>
+<p style="top:778.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">often had the right to raise troops. Loyalty was</p>
+<p style="top:790.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">an issue since many bishops were younger sons</p>
+<p style="top:802.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">of powerful nobles.  For example, a <i>Bourchier</i></p>
+<p style="top:814.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">was Archbishop of Canterbury, and a <i>Neville</i></p>
+<p style="top:826.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">became Archbishop of York.</p>
+<p style="top:844.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Exile Areas</b></p>
+<p style="top:857.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Movement to/from Exile requires a Sea Move</p>
+<p style="top:869.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">except for Scotland. None of them can be</p>
+<p style="top:881.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">attacked</p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Copyright &#xa9; 2009 Columbia Games and Jerry Taylor</b></p>
+<p style="top:929.8pt;left:372.5pt;font-size:14.6pt"><b>2</b><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:626.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Version 1.02</b></p>
+</div>
+<div id="page3" style="width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt;background-image:url('rules03.jpg')">
+<p style="top:57.5pt;left:302.5pt;font-size:24.6pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">RICHARD III</span></b></p>
+<p style="top:101.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:17.0pt"><b>3.0 ARMIES</b></p>
+<p style="top:122.8pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">One label must be attached to the face</p>
+<p style="top:135.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">of each block. Lightly position each label,</p>
+<p style="top:149.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">ensure it is straight, and then press firmly</p>
+<p style="top:162.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">to the block.</p>
+<p style="top:179.4pt;left:87.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>White: </b>House of York (31)</p>
+<p style="top:194.1pt;left:98.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Red: </b>House of Lancaster (31)</p>
+<p style="top:208.9pt;left:90.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Black:</b> Rebel (1)</p>
+<p style="top:229.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>3.1 BLOCK DATA</b></p>
+<p style="top:250.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>3.11 Strength</b></p>
+<p style="top:264.5pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">The current strength of a block is</p>
+<p style="top:277.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">the number of diamonds on the top edge</p>
+<p style="top:290.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">when the block stands upright. Blocks can</p>
+<p style="top:303.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">have a maximum strength of 4, 3, or 2.</p>
+<p style="top:320.8pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Strength determines how many six-</p>
+<p style="top:333.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">sided dice (d6) are thrown for a block in</p>
+<p style="top:347.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">combat. A block at strength 4 rolls 4d6</p>
+<p style="top:360.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">(four six-sided dice); a block at strength 1</p>
+<p style="top:373.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">rolls 1d6.</p>
+<p style="top:390.1pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">For each hit taken in combat, the</p>
+<p style="top:403.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">block&#x2019;s strength is reduced by rotating</p>
+<p style="top:416.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">the block 90 degrees counter-clockwise.</p>
+<p style="top:429.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">The sidebar shows the same noble block</p>
+<p style="top:442.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">(Salisbury) at strength 3, 2, and 1.</p>
+<p style="top:466.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>3.12 Combat Rating</b></p>
+<p style="top:480.1pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">The Combat Rating is indicated by a</p>
+<p style="top:493.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">letter and number, such as <b>A2 </b>or <b>B3</b>. The</p>
+<p style="top:506.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">letter (<b><i>initiative</i></b>) determines when a block</p>
+<p style="top:519.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">has a battle turn. All <b>A</b> blocks go first, then</p>
+<p style="top:532.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">all <b>B</b> blocks, then all <b>C</b> blocks. The number</p>
+<p style="top:545.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">(<b><i>firepower</i></b>) indicates the maximum roll</p>
+<p style="top:558.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">that will score a hit. See 6.4.</p>
+<p style="top:582.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>3.13 Loyalty</b></p>
+<p style="top:596.4pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Some blocks have a Loyalty Rating,</p>
+<p style="top:609.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">noted on the top left of the block. Blocks</p>
+<p style="top:622.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">with a crown in that location are heirs.</p>
+<p style="top:635.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Blocks with a red or white rose are</p>
+<p style="top:648.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">loyalists who never defect. Blocks with</p>
+<p style="top:662.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Loyalty Ratings of 1, 2, or 3 may defect</p>
+<p style="top:675.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">with a successful Treachery Roll (6.9).</p>
+<p style="top:692.0pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>IMPORTANT:</i></b><b><i> </i></b><i>Some blocks have</i></p>
+<p style="top:705.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>different Loyalty Ratings for the two sides.</i></p>
+<p style="top:718.3pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>For example, Rivers has Loyalty 1 as a</i></p>
+<p style="top:731.4pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Lancastrian, but Loyalty 2 as a Yorkist. </i><b><i> </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:748.3pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>NEVILLES: </i></b><i>This powerful family is</i></p>
+<p style="top:761.4pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>represented by three (3) blocks: Warwick,</i></p>
+<p style="top:774.5pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Salisbury, and Kent. They have a special</i></p>
+<p style="top:787.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>family</i></b><i> Loyalty Rating. See: 6.91.</i></p>
+<p style="top:811.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>3.14 Name &amp; Title</b></p>
+<p style="top:825.1pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">In most cases the family name is given</p>
+<p style="top:838.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">vertically to the left of the shield. If there</p>
+<p style="top:851.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">is no family name then it is the same as the</p>
+<p style="top:864.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">title (such as Stanley).</p>
+<p style="top:101.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>3.2 BLOCK TYPES</b></p>
+<p style="top:121.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>3.21 Heirs</b></p>
+<p style="top:136.3pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Both sides have five (5)</p>
+<p style="top:149.8pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">heirs to the throne, each</p>
+<p style="top:163.3pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">with a <i>crown</i> symbol.</p>
+<p style="top:176.8pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Heirs are ranked from 1</p>
+<p style="top:190.3pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">(senior) to 5 (junior) on the</p>
+<p style="top:203.8pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">lower right. The current</p>
+<p style="top:216.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>senior</i></b> heir of each player is the King or</p>
+<p style="top:230.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Pretender as applicable. Heirs of the</p>
+<p style="top:243.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">King are called <i>royal heirs. </i>An heir has +1</p>
+<p style="top:256.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">firepower (A3=A4) <b><i>defending</i></b> his shield<b>. </b>A</p>
+<p style="top:269.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">royal heir is also +1<b> </b>defending a <b><i>crown</i></b>.</p>
+<p style="top:292.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>3.22 Nobles</b></p>
+<p style="top:307.3pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Nobles are identified</p>
+<p style="top:320.8pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">by shields. The blocks</p>
+<p style="top:334.3pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">represent the noble and</p>
+<p style="top:347.8pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">his armed retinue. Nobles</p>
+<p style="top:361.3pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">bearing a red rose (top</p>
+<p style="top:374.8pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">left) are <i>always</i> loyal to the</p>
+<p style="top:388.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>House of Lancaster; </i>those bearing a white</p>
+<p style="top:401.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">rose are <i>always</i> loyal to the <i>House of York.</i></p>
+<p style="top:418.6pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Non-rose nobles can support either</p>
+<p style="top:431.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">side. There are two versions of these</p>
+<p style="top:444.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">blocks, red when loyal to the House</p>
+<p style="top:458.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">of Lancaster, and white when loyal to</p>
+<p style="top:471.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">the House of York. Only one of these</p>
+<p style="top:484.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">blocks can be in play at the same time.</p>
+<p style="top:497.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Nobles have +1 firepower (B2=B3) when</p>
+<p style="top:510.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>defending</i></b> their shield(s).</p>
+<p style="top:533.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>3.23 Church</b></p>
+<p style="top:548.4pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Two blocks, <i>Canterbury</i></p>
+<p style="top:561.9pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">and <i>York</i>, represent the</p>
+<p style="top:575.4pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">power and influence of</p>
+<p style="top:588.9pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">the church. Each counts as</p>
+<p style="top:602.4pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">one noble for <b><i>Usurpation</i></b>.</p>
+<p style="top:615.9pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">These blocks have +1</p>
+<p style="top:629.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">firepower (C2=C3) when <b><i>defending</i></b> their</p>
+<p style="top:642.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">cathedral.</p>
+<p style="top:666.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>3.24 Levies</b></p>
+<p style="top:680.8pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Both players have one</p>
+<p style="top:694.3pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">levy block for each city</p>
+<p style="top:707.8pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">of their color, plus a</p>
+<p style="top:721.3pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Bombard</i></b>. Levies start in</p>
+<p style="top:734.8pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">each player&apos;s <b><i>pool</i></b> and</p>
+<p style="top:748.3pt;left:356.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">are deployed on the map</p>
+<p style="top:761.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">as noted in 5.4. Levies have +1 firepower</p>
+<p style="top:774.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">(C2=C3) when <b><i>defending</i></b> their city.</p>
+<p style="top:798.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>3.25 Mercenaries</b></p>
+<p style="top:812.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">    Both players have three (3) Mercenaries:</p>
+<p style="top:827.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>  Lancaster: </b><i>French</i>, <i>Scots</i>, <i>Welsh.</i></p>
+<p style="top:842.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>          York: </b><i>Burgundian</i>, <i>Calais</i>, and <i>Irish.</i></p>
+<p style="top:865.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>3.26 Rebel</b></p>
+<p style="top:880.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">    Black block that fights for the</p>
+<p style="top:893.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Pretender.</p>
+<p style="top:242.0pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:16.6pt"><b><i>Edward Plantagenet </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:259.1pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:14.1pt"><b><i>Earl of March,  </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:274.1pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:14.1pt"><b><i>Edward IV, 1442&#x2013;83</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:294.0pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Dazzle mine eyes, or do I see three suns</i></p>
+<p style="top:307.5pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Tis wondrous strange, the like yet never heard</i></p>
+<p style="top:321.0pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>I think it cites us, brother, to the field</i></p>
+<p style="top:334.5pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>That we the sons of brave Plantagenet</i></p>
+<p style="top:348.0pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Each one already blazing by our meeds</i></p>
+<p style="top:361.5pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Should join our lights together</i></p>
+<p style="top:375.0pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>And overshine the earth.</i></p>
+<p style="top:392.3pt;left:568.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Henry VI Part 3, Act II, Scene I.</i></p>
+<p style="top:429.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Label Sheet</b></p>
+<p style="top:442.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">The upper labels on the die-cut sheet are</p>
+<p style="top:454.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">for York (white blocks) and lower labels for</p>
+<p style="top:466.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Lancaster (red blocks). The <b><i>Rebel</i></b> label in the</p>
+<p style="top:478.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">middle row, separates the two sides and goes on</p>
+<p style="top:490.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">the black block.</p>
+<p style="top:508.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Fog-of-War</b></p>
+<p style="top:521.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Surprise is an exciting aspect of this game.</p>
+<p style="top:533.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Except when fighting a battle, active blocks</p>
+<p style="top:545.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">stand upright facing the owner. This promotes</p>
+<p style="top:557.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">bluff and innovative strategies because players</p>
+<p style="top:569.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">are uncertain of the strength or identity of an</p>
+<p style="top:581.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">enemy block.</p>
+<p style="top:628.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>STEP REDUCTION</b></p>
+<p style="top:705.3pt;left:508.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Strength 3</b></p>
+<p style="top:705.3pt;left:576.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Strength 2</b></p>
+<p style="top:705.3pt;left:640.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Strength 1</b></p>
+<p style="top:741.1pt;left:515.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>LOYALTY</b></p>
+<p style="top:754.3pt;left:533.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">(1)</p>
+<p style="top:739.9pt;left:627.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>STRENGTH</b></p>
+<p style="top:753.0pt;left:627.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">(Maximum 4)</p>
+<p style="top:853.6pt;left:653.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>COMBAT</b></p>
+<p style="top:866.8pt;left:666.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>(B2)</b></p>
+<p style="top:883.6pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>FAMILY</b></p>
+<p style="top:896.8pt;left:510.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>NAME</b></p>
+<p style="top:892.4pt;left:638.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>TITLE</b></p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:65.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Copyright &#xa9; 2009 Columbia Games and Jerry Taylor</b></p>
+<p style="top:929.8pt;left:376.3pt;font-size:14.6pt"><b>3</b><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:630.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Version 1.02</b></p>
+</div>
+<div id="page4" style="width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt;background-image:url('rules04.jpg')">
+<p style="top:57.5pt;left:302.5pt;font-size:24.6pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">RICHARD III</span></b></p>
+<p style="top:101.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:17.0pt"><b>4.0 SETUP</b></p>
+<p style="top:122.8pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">The game is divided into three (3)</p>
+<p style="top:135.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Campaigns</i></b> of seven (7) Game Turns.</p>
+<p style="top:149.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Each campaign is linked by a Political Turn</p>
+<p style="top:162.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">(8.0). Choose sides, Lancaster or York.</p>
+<p style="top:181.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>4.1 DEPLOYMENT</b></p>
+<p style="top:195.9pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Both players deploy blocks in the areas</p>
+<p style="top:209.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">noted. Blocks are deployed upright at full</p>
+<p style="top:222.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">strength.</p>
+<p style="top:245.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>4.2 POOL</b></p>
+<p style="top:259.6pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Each player maintains a <b><i>pool</i></b> off-map</p>
+<p style="top:272.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">that contains blocks to be recruited. These</p>
+<p style="top:285.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">blocks stand upright, unseen by your</p>
+<p style="top:299.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">opponent. Recruits are <b><i>chosen</i></b> from your</p>
+<p style="top:312.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">pool and deployed on the mapboard as</p>
+<p style="top:325.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">indicated in 5.4.</p>
+<p style="top:348.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>4.3 HOUSE OF LANCASTER (1460)</b></p>
+<p style="top:363.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Henry VI (King): </b><i>Middlesex</i></p>
+<p style="top:376.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Somerset: </b><i>Dorset</i></p>
+<p style="top:390.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Exeter: </b><i>Cornwall</i></p>
+<p style="top:403.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Devon: </b><i>Cornwall</i></p>
+<p style="top:417.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Pembroke: </b><i>Pembroke (Wales)</i></p>
+<p style="top:430.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Wiltshire: </b><i>Wilts</i></p>
+<p style="top:444.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Oxford:</b> <i>Essex</i></p>
+<p style="top:457.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Viscount Beaumont:</b> <i>Lincoln</i></p>
+<p style="top:471.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Lord Clifford: </b><i>North Yorks</i></p>
+<p style="top:484.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>French</b><b><i> </i></b><b>Mercenary: </b><i>France</i></p>
+<p style="top:498.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Scots</b><b><i> </i></b><b>Mercenary: </b><i>Scotland</i></p>
+<p style="top:519.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Buckingham: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:532.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Northumberland: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:546.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Shrewsbury: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:559.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Westmoreland: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:573.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Lord Rivers: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:586.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Lord Stanley:</b> <i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:600.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Bristol (levy):</b> <i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:613.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Coventry (levy): </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:627.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Newcastle (levy): </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:640.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>York (levy): </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:654.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>York (church):</b><b><i> </i></b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:667.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Bombard: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:681.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Welsh Mercenary: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:702.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Prince Edward: </b><i>Minor</i></p>
+<p style="top:715.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Richmond: </b><i>Minor</i></p>
+<p style="top:736.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Canterbury (church): </b><i>Enemy Noble</i></p>
+<p style="top:750.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Clarence:</b> <i>Enemy Noble</i></p>
+<p style="top:763.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Warwick: </b><i>Enemy Noble</i></p>
+<p style="top:777.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Salisbury: </b><i>Enemy Noble</i></p>
+<p style="top:790.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Kent: </b><i>Enemy Noble</i></p>
+<p style="top:101.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>4.4 HOUSE OF YORK (1460)</b></p>
+<p style="top:115.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of York (Pretender): </b><i>Ireland</i></p>
+<p style="top:129.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Rutland: </b><i>Ireland</i></p>
+<p style="top:142.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Irish Mercenary:</b><b><i> </i></b><i>Ireland</i></p>
+<p style="top:163.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of March: </b><i>Calais</i></p>
+<p style="top:177.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Warwick: </b><i>Calais</i></p>
+<p style="top:190.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Salisbury: </b><i>Calais</i></p>
+<p style="top:204.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Kent: </b><i>Calais</i></p>
+<p style="top:217.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Calais Mercenary:</b><b><i> </i></b><i>Calais</i></p>
+<p style="top:231.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Burgundian Mercenary: </b><i>Calais</i></p>
+<p style="top:252.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Norfolk: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:265.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Suffolk: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:279.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Arundel: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:292.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Essex:</b> <i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:306.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Worcester:</b> <i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:319.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Lord Hastings:</b> <i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:333.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Lord Herbert: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:346.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Canterbury (church):</b> <i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:360.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>London (levy): </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:373.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Norwich (levy): </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:387.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Salisbury (levy): </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:400.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Bombard: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:414.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Rebel:</b> <i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:435.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Clarence: </b><i>Minor</i></p>
+<p style="top:448.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Gloucester: </b><i>Minor</i></p>
+<p style="top:469.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Exeter: </b><i>Enemy Noble</i></p>
+<p style="top:483.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Buckingham: </b><i>Enemy Noble</i></p>
+<p style="top:496.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Northumberland:</b> <i>Enemy Noble</i></p>
+<p style="top:510.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Westmoreland: </b><i>Enemy Noble</i></p>
+<p style="top:523.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Shrewsbury: </b><i>Enemy Noble</i></p>
+<p style="top:537.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Lord Rivers: </b><i>Enemy Noble</i></p>
+<p style="top:550.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Lord Stanley: </b><i>Enemy Noble</i></p>
+<p style="top:564.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>York (church): </b><i>Enemy Noble</i></p>
+<p style="top:611.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>4.5 MINOR HEIRS</b></p>
+<p style="top:626.0pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Both players start the game with three</p>
+<p style="top:639.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">(3) heirs in play. Absent are Clarence and</p>
+<p style="top:652.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Gloucester for York, and Prince Edward</p>
+<p style="top:665.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">and Richmond for Lancaster. These heirs</p>
+<p style="top:678.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">are <b><i>minors</i></b> when the game starts.</p>
+<p style="top:695.4pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">When an heir is killed, the most senior</p>
+<p style="top:708.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">minor heir enters play (see 6.82)  at the</p>
+<p style="top:721.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>beginning</i></b> of the next Supply Phase. Note</p>
+<p style="top:734.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">that<b><i> </i></b>Prince Edward is Lancastrian heir #2.</p>
+<p style="top:758.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>4.6 ENEMY NOBLES</b></p>
+<p style="top:772.3pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Blocks listed as <i>Enemy Noble</i> have two</p>
+<p style="top:785.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">versions, one York and one Lancaster.</p>
+<p style="top:798.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">The enemy version starts the game as an</p>
+<p style="top:811.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">enemy block, but can change sides with</p>
+<p style="top:824.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Treachery Rolls (6.9). Keep your version</p>
+<p style="top:837.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">off-map along the east edge of the map</p>
+<p style="top:851.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">until a defection occurs.</p>
+<p style="top:249.5pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:16.6pt"><b><i>Henry Holland </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:266.6pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:14.1pt"><b><i>Duke of Exeter, 1430&#x2013;75</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:286.5pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Oh piteous spectacle! Oh bloody times!</i></p>
+<p style="top:300.0pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Whilst lions war, and battle for their dens</i></p>
+<p style="top:313.5pt;left:518.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Poor harmless lambs abide their enmity.</i></p>
+<p style="top:330.8pt;left:568.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Henry VI Part 3, Act II, Scene V</i></p>
+<p style="top:438.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>SCENARIOS</b></p>
+<p style="top:451.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">Players have the option to start the game with</p>
+<p style="top:463.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">Campaign 2 or Campaign 3 for historical interest</p>
+<p style="top:475.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">or just to play a shorter game. Scenarios can be</p>
+<p style="top:487.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">found for these on our website:</p>
+<p style="top:499.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">www.columbiagames.com.</p>
+<p style="top:514.8pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">Optionally, email info@columbiagames.com and</p>
+<p style="top:526.8pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">we will return a PDF of these scenarios.</p>
+<p style="top:560.9pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>EVENT CARDS</b></p>
+<p style="top:577.6pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt"><b>Surprise: </b>Move one group. Border Limit is +1</p>
+<p style="top:589.6pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">to cross all borders. <span style="color:#000">May be used for normal Sea </span></p>
+<p style="top:601.6pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt"><span style="color:#000">Movment.  </span></p>
+<p style="top:617.4pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt"><b>Force March:</b> Move one group. Blocks can</p>
+<p style="top:629.4pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">move up to 3 areas and may attack. Sea</p>
+<p style="top:641.4pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">Movement not allowed. <span style="color:#000">Border Limits apply. </span></p>
+<p style="top:657.1pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt"><b>Muster:</b> Designate one friendly or vacant area.</p>
+<p style="top:669.1pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">Any/all friendly blocks can move <b><i>normally</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:681.1pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">to <span style="color:#000">reach</span> the muster area. Sea Movement not</p>
+<p style="top:693.1pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">allowed.</p>
+<p style="top:708.9pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt"><b>Piracy: </b>APs must be used for Sea Moves.</p>
+<p style="top:720.9pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">Attacking is allowed, but no port-to-port bonus.</p>
+<p style="top:732.9pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">Attacking blocks can only Retreat/Regroup to</p>
+<p style="top:744.9pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">a friendly/vacant coastal area in the same sea</p>
+<p style="top:756.9pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">zone. <span style="color:#000">Retreat/Regroup limits are the same as </span></p>
+<p style="top:768.9pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt"><span style="color:#000">Sea Move limits. </span></p>
+<p style="top:784.6pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt"><b>Treason: </b>Move one group. One Treachery roll</p>
+<p style="top:796.6pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">can be made in any battle<span style="color:#000"> (started by you or </span></p>
+<p style="top:808.6pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt"><span style="color:#000">the enemy player) </span>before it begins. The King,</p>
+<p style="top:820.6pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">Pretender, or Warwick need not be present.</p>
+<p style="top:836.4pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt"><b>Plague: </b>Choose one enemy city area. All blocks</p>
+<p style="top:848.4pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">there lose one step, even if eliminated.</p>
+<p style="top:935.3pt;left:65.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Copyright &#xa9; 2009 Columbia Games and Jerry Taylor</b></p>
+<p style="top:932.3pt;left:376.3pt;font-size:14.6pt"><b>4</b><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:935.3pt;left:630.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Version 1.02</b></p>
+</div>
+<div id="page5" style="width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt;background-image:url('rules05.jpg')">
+<p style="top:56.3pt;left:302.5pt;font-size:24.6pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">RICHARD III</span></b></p>
+<p style="top:101.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:17.0pt"><b>5.0 ACTIONS</b></p>
+<p style="top:129.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>5.1 CARDS</b></p>
+<p style="top:143.4pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Movement is controlled by the</p>
+<p style="top:156.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">available Action Points (AP) on the card</p>
+<p style="top:169.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">played. There are 25 cards in the game,</p>
+<p style="top:182.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">6xAP2, 7xAP3, 6xAP4, and 6 Event cards.</p>
+<p style="top:199.6pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Event cards have a special action</p>
+<p style="top:212.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">defined on the card. <b><i>Both</i></b> the AP value and</p>
+<p style="top:225.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">event are played, <span style="color:#000">but the APs must be used </span></p>
+<p style="top:239.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">only for that event.  </span>Event card priority still</p>
+<p style="top:252.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">applies &#x2013; e.g, event card AP&#xf8;<b> </b>has higher</p>
+<p style="top:265.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">priority than a normal AP4.</p>
+<p style="top:282.1pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">A hand that totals <b>AP13</b> (or less),</p>
+<p style="top:295.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">including Event Cards, constitutes a</p>
+<p style="top:308.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>mulligan</i></b>. A player holding a mulligan may</p>
+<p style="top:321.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">show that hand and request a redeal. This</p>
+<p style="top:334.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">can only be done <b><i>once</i></b> per campaign. The</p>
+<p style="top:347.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">opponent may choose to keep his own</p>
+<p style="top:360.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">cards or not.  <span style="color:#000">Reshuffle all available cards. </span></p>
+<p style="top:384.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>5.2 LAND MOVES</b></p>
+<p style="top:398.4pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">For one (1) Action Point, a player may</p>
+<p style="top:411.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">activate <b><i>any/all</i></b> blocks in one area for</p>
+<p style="top:424.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">land movement. Blocks move one or two</p>
+<p style="top:437.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">areas. Active blocks may move to the same</p>
+<p style="top:450.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">or different areas as desired.</p>
+<p style="top:467.8pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Blocks may pass freely through <i>friendly</i></p>
+<p style="top:480.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">blocks, but must <b><i>stop</i></b> and fight a battle</p>
+<p style="top:494.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">when they enter an enemy or contested</p>
+<p style="top:507.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">area. Blocks only move once<i> </i>per turn,</p>
+<p style="top:520.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">except to <i>Retreat</i> or <i>Regroup</i>.</p>
+<p style="top:543.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>5.21 Border Limits</b></p>
+<p style="top:557.8pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">The maximum number of blocks</p>
+<p style="top:570.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">that can cross any border per Game Turn</p>
+<p style="top:584.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">depends on its color:</p>
+<p style="top:600.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"> <b>Yellow: </b>4 blocks</p>
+<p style="top:614.0pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Blue:</b> 3 blocks</p>
+<p style="top:627.1pt;left:83.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Red:</b> 2 blocks (must stop).</p>
+<p style="top:644.0pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Border limits apply to each player.</p>
+<p style="top:657.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Both players can move two blocks across</p>
+<p style="top:670.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">the same red border. Note that blocks must</p>
+<p style="top:683.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>stop</i></b> after crossing a Red border.</p>
+<p style="top:700.3pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Example: </i></b><i>Five (5) blocks in </i><i>M</i><i>iddlesex</i><i></i></p>
+<p style="top:713.4pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>wish to move  to </i><i>O</i><i>xford</i><i>. Four (4) can</i></p>
+<p style="top:726.5pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>move directly to </i><i>O</i><i>xford</i><i> </i><i>while one (1) must</i></p>
+<p style="top:739.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>move via </i><i>L</i><i>eicester</i><i> or </i><i>S</i><i>ussex</i><i>.</i></p>
+<p style="top:763.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>5.22 Pinning</b></p>
+<p style="top:777.1pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Blocks entering an enemy-occupied</p>
+<p style="top:790.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">area are <b><i>Attacking;</i></b> the enemy blocks are</p>
+<p style="top:803.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Defending.</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:819.0pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Attacking blocks<b><i> (</i></b><b>e</b><b><i>xcluding</i></b><i> </i><b><i>Reserves</i></b><b>)</b></p>
+<p style="top:832.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">prevent an equal number of defending</p>
+<p style="top:845.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">blocks from moving<i>.</i> The Defender</p>
+<p style="top:858.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">chooses which blocks are pinned. The</p>
+<p style="top:871.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">&quot;unpinned&quot; blocks may move normally and</p>
+<p style="top:884.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">even attack, <b><i>but</i></b> cannot cross any border</p>
+<p style="top:897.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">used by enemy blocks to enter that battle.</p>
+<p style="top:101.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>5.3 SEA MOVES</b></p>
+<p style="top:115.3pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Each AP allows <b><i>one</i></b><b> (1) </b>block to move</p>
+<p style="top:128.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">from one coastal area to another friendly</p>
+<p style="top:141.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">or vacant coastal area within the <b><i>same</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:154.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Sea Zone (2.81). This is a separate AP</p>
+<p style="top:167.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">expenditure from a Land Move.</p>
+<p style="top:184.6pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Blocks must start and end their Sea</p>
+<p style="top:197.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Move in a coastal area (or exile). They</p>
+<p style="top:210.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">cannot also move by land in the same turn.</p>
+<p style="top:227.8pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Blocks can Sea Move only to friendly</p>
+<p style="top:240.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">or vacant coastal areas, not to enemy or</p>
+<p style="top:254.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">contested areas.</p>
+<p style="top:270.9pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Blocks in Calais can Sea Move to</p>
+<p style="top:284.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">areas on the <i>English Channel</i><b> </b>or<b> </b><i>North Sea.</i></p>
+<p style="top:297.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Blocks in France can Sea Move to areas</p>
+<p style="top:310.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">on the <i>English Channel</i><b><i> </i></b>or<b><i> </i></b><i>Irish Sea.</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:327.1pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Blocks located in <i>Cornwall</i>, <i>Kent</i>, and</p>
+<p style="top:340.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Scotland</i> may Sea Move to areas on either</p>
+<p style="top:353.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">connecting Sea Zone.</p>
+<p style="top:370.3pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Blocks cannot Sea Move to/from</p>
+<p style="top:383.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Hereford</i>, <i>Gloucester</i>, or <i>South Yorks.</i> They</p>
+<p style="top:396.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">can Sea Move to <i>Middlesex</i>.</p>
+<p style="top:413.4pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Blocks cannot Retreat/Regroup by Sea</p>
+<p style="top:426.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Move unless using the Piracy card.</p>
+<p style="top:443.4pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">The <b><i>Scots</i></b>, <b><i>Welsh</i></b>, <b><i>Rebel, </i></b>and<b><i> City</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:456.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Levy</i></b> blocks can never Sea Move.</p>
+<p style="top:479.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>5.31 Ports</b></p>
+<p style="top:494.0pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">A player can Sea Move two blocks for</p>
+<p style="top:507.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">AP1 when moving from one <b><span style="color:#000">major port </span></b></p>
+<p style="top:520.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><span style="color:#000">(2.83) </span></b><span style="color:#000">to another </span><b><span style="color:#000">major port. </span></b><span style="color:#000">Both blocks </span></p>
+<p style="top:533.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">must </span><b><i><span style="color:#000">start</span></i></b><span style="color:#000"> in the </span><b><i><span style="color:#000">same</span></i></b><span style="color:#000"> major port and </span></p>
+<p style="top:546.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">move to </span><b><i><span style="color:#000">one</span></i></b><span style="color:#000"> Major Port. </span></p>
+<p style="top:569.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>5.4 RECRUITS</b></p>
+<p style="top:584.0pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Players may spend any/all Action</p>
+<p style="top:597.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Points (AP) to recruit blocks from their</p>
+<p style="top:610.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">pool. Recruited blocks can NOT move in</p>
+<p style="top:623.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">the turn they are built. <b><i>Choose</i></b> and deploy</p>
+<p style="top:636.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">one (1) block per AP. Deploy recruits at full</p>
+<p style="top:649.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">strength. <span style="color:#000">They do </span><b><span style="color:#000">not</span></b><span style="color:#000"> have to be revealed.</span></p>
+<p style="top:666.9pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Nobles: </b>deploy in a friendly or vacant</p>
+<p style="top:680.4pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">area containing their shield.</p>
+<p style="top:696.4pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Church: </b>deploy<b> </b>in a friendly or vacant</p>
+<p style="top:709.9pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">area containing their cathedral.</p>
+<p style="top:725.9pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levies</b>: deploy in a friendly or vacant</p>
+<p style="top:739.4pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">area containing their city.</p>
+<p style="top:755.5pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><b>Bombard</b>: deploy in any friendly city area.</p>
+<p style="top:771.4pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Rebel</b>: deploy in any <b><i>vacant</i></b> <i>area, but not</i></p>
+<p style="top:784.9pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>an exile area.</i></p>
+<p style="top:800.9pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Mercenaries</b>:  Five mercenaries</p>
+<p style="top:814.4pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">always start in an exile location.</p>
+<p style="top:827.9pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">They are recruited simply by moving</p>
+<p style="top:841.4pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">them normally. The <i>Welsh</i> start in the</p>
+<p style="top:854.9pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Lancastrian pool and deploy in any</p>
+<p style="top:868.4pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">friendly or vacant area of Wales.</p>
+<p style="top:885.3pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Important: </i></b><i>players may NOT add</i></p>
+<p style="top:898.4pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>steps to existing blocks during a campaign.</i></p>
+<p style="top:244.3pt;left:516.3pt;font-size:16.6pt"><b><i>George Plantagenet </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:264.1pt;left:516.3pt;font-size:14.3pt"><b><i>Duke of Clarence, 1449&#x2013;78</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:284.3pt;left:516.3pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>When we saw our sunshine made thy spring</i></p>
+<p style="top:297.8pt;left:516.3pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>And that thy summer bred us no increase</i></p>
+<p style="top:311.3pt;left:516.3pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>We set the axe to thy usurping root</i></p>
+<p style="top:324.8pt;left:516.3pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>And know thou, since we hath begun to strike</i></p>
+<p style="top:338.3pt;left:516.3pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>We&apos;ll never leave &apos;til we hath hewn thee down</i></p>
+<p style="top:351.9pt;left:516.3pt;font-size:10.5pt"><i>Or bath&apos;d thy growing with our heated bloods.</i></p>
+<p style="top:369.0pt;left:565.0pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Henry VI Part 3, Act II, Scene II</i></p>
+<p style="top:412.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Move Example</b></p>
+<p style="top:425.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">For 1ap, a player may move any/all <i>East</i> <i>Anglia</i></p>
+<p style="top:437.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">blocks to one or more of <i>Essex</i>, <i>Middlesex</i>,</p>
+<p style="top:449.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt"><i>Rutland</i>, <i>Leicester</i>, and <i>Lincoln</i>. The river border</p>
+<p style="top:461.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">limits 3 blocks crossing directly to <i>Rutland</i>,</p>
+<p style="top:473.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">although 3 more could get there via <i>Essex</i>.</p>
+<p style="top:491.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Pinning Example</b></p>
+<p style="top:504.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Five (5) blocks defend Chester. Three (3) blocks</p>
+<p style="top:516.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">attack from Derby and one (1) from Warwick.</p>
+<p style="top:528.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Assuming the Derby blocks are the Main Attack,</p>
+<p style="top:540.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">a total of 3 blocks in Chester are pinned, but</p>
+<p style="top:552.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">2 are unpinned and may leave except via the</p>
+<p style="top:564.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Derby or Warwick borders.</p>
+<p style="top:583.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Estuaries</b></p>
+<p style="top:596.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Blocks in <i>Glamorgan</i> seeking to march to</p>
+<p style="top:608.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt"><i>Somerset</i>, must first move to <i>Hereford</i>, then to</p>
+<p style="top:620.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt"><i>Gloucester</i>, then to <i>Somerset</i>.</p>
+<p style="top:635.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Blocks cannot move from <i>Glamorgan</i> to</p>
+<p style="top:647.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt"><i>Somerset</i>, <i>East Yorks</i> to <i>Lincoln</i>, or <i>Kent</i> to <i>Essex</i>.</p>
+<p style="top:659.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">They can make these moves only by Sea Move.</p>
+<p style="top:675.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Blocks cannot Sea Move to <i>South Yorks,</i></p>
+<p style="top:687.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt"><i>Hereford</i>, or <i>Gloucester</i>, but Middlesex (London)</p>
+<p style="top:699.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">is a port.</p>
+<p style="top:718.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Sea Zones</b></p>
+<p style="top:731.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Blocks in <i>Cornwall</i> can Sea Move to any friendly</p>
+<p style="top:743.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">or vacant area on the <i>English Channel</i> or the</p>
+<p style="top:755.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt"><i>Irish Sea. </i>Blocks in <i>Kent</i> can Sea Move to any</p>
+<p style="top:767.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">friendly or vacant area on the <i>English Channel</i> or</p>
+<p style="top:779.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">the <i>North Sea. </i>Blocks in <i>Scotland </i>can Sea Move</p>
+<p style="top:791.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">to any friendly or vacant area on the <i>North</i> or</p>
+<p style="top:803.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt"><i>Irish</i> seas.</p>
+<p style="top:821.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Sea Moves Example</b></p>
+<p style="top:834.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">AP2 could allow 4 blocks to Sea Move from</p>
+<p style="top:846.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Calais to Sandwich, or to any other port in the</p>
+<p style="top:858.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">English Channel or North Sea zones. Two blocks</p>
+<p style="top:870.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">could also go to one port and two blocks to</p>
+<p style="top:882.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">another port. Two blocks could also go to one</p>
+<p style="top:895.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">port, and one block to a non-port area.</p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Copyright &#xa9; 2009 Columbia Games and Jerry Taylor</b></p>
+<p style="top:929.8pt;left:380.0pt;font-size:14.6pt"><b>5</b><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:633.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Version 1.02</b></p>
+</div>
+<div id="page6" style="width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt;background-image:url('rules06.jpg')">
+<p style="top:56.3pt;left:302.5pt;font-size:24.6pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">RICHARD III</span></b></p>
+<p style="top:101.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:17.0pt"><b>6.0 BATTLES</b></p>
+<p style="top:124.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.1 BATTLE SEQUENCE</b></p>
+<p style="top:138.4pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Battles are fought one by one after all</p>
+<p style="top:151.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">moves are completed. Player 1 determines</p>
+<p style="top:164.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">which battle to fight first. Reveal blocks</p>
+<p style="top:177.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">in that battle by tipping them forward to</p>
+<p style="top:190.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">maintain current <i>strength</i>. After the battle</p>
+<p style="top:204.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">is completed, stand all blocks upright, then</p>
+<p style="top:217.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Player 1 selects the next battle.</p>
+<p style="top:240.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.2 BATTLE TURNS</b></p>
+<p style="top:254.6pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Each block has one Battle Turn per</p>
+<p style="top:267.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Battle Round. In its turn, a block may</p>
+<p style="top:280.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>either</i></b> Fire, Retreat, or Pass, <b><i>except </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:294.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Retreat is not allowed in Round 1. </i></b>The</p>
+<p style="top:307.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">sequence of turns depends on combat</p>
+<p style="top:320.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">ratings.  &#x201c;A&#x201d; blocks go before &#x201c;B&#x201d; blocks,</p>
+<p style="top:333.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">then &#x201c;C&#x201d; blocks.  <b><i>Defending</i></b><i> </i>&#x201c;A&#x201d; blocks go</p>
+<p style="top:346.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">before Attacking<i> </i>&#x201c;A&#x201d;<i> </i>blocks, and so on.</p>
+<p style="top:363.4pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Exception: </b>Bombards are <b>A3</b> for</p>
+<p style="top:376.5pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">round 1<b>,</b> but <b>D3 </b>in later rounds. <span style="color:#000">They </span></p>
+<p style="top:389.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">never get A3 if they enter a battle as </span></p>
+<p style="top:402.8pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">Reserves. </span></p>
+<p style="top:419.6pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"> After all blocks have taken one Battle</p>
+<p style="top:432.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Turn, one Battle Round<i> </i>has been fought.</p>
+<p style="top:445.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Battles are fought for a maximum of <b><i>four</i></b><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:459.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>(4)</i></b> battle rounds. <b><i>Attacking</i></b><b> </b>blocks must</p>
+<p style="top:472.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">retreat during <b><i>Round 4 </i></b>in their normal</p>
+<p style="top:485.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">battle turn.</p>
+<p style="top:508.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.3 BATTLE RESERVES</b></p>
+<p style="top:522.8pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">A player may attack via one, two or</p>
+<p style="top:535.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">three <b><i>different</i></b> borders, up to the limits of</p>
+<p style="top:549.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>each</i></b> border. Attacking via four different</p>
+<p style="top:562.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">borders is prohibited. Blocks crossing the</p>
+<p style="top:575.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">various borders need <b><i>not</i></b> start their turn in</p>
+<p style="top:588.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">the same area.</p>
+<p style="top:605.3pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">One border (attacker choice) must be</p>
+<p style="top:618.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">declared the <b><i>Main Attack. </i></b>Blocks using</p>
+<p style="top:631.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">other borders are placed in <i>Reserve</i>.</p>
+<p style="top:648.4pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Example 1: </i></b><i>Y</i><i>ork</i><i> has 2 blocks in </i><i>W</i><i>ilts</i><i></i></p>
+<p style="top:661.5pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>and 4 in </i><i>K</i><i>ent</i><i>. Both groups attack </i><i>S</i><i>ussex</i><i>.</i></p>
+<p style="top:674.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>The Attacker declares the </i><i>K</i><i>ent</i><i> group his</i></p>
+<p style="top:687.8pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Main Attack.</i></p>
+<p style="top:704.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Example 2: </i></b><i>L</i><i>ancaster</i><i> has 1 block in</i></p>
+<p style="top:717.8pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>each of Middlesex, Oxford, and Gloucester.</i></p>
+<p style="top:730.9pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Expending AP3, these blocks combine for</i></p>
+<p style="top:744.0pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>a Main Attack against 2 </i><i>Y</i><i>ork</i><i> blocks in</i></p>
+<p style="top:757.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Sussex via the Oxford/Sussex river border</i><i>.</i></p>
+<p style="top:774.0pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Reserve blocks may not fire, retreat,</p>
+<p style="top:787.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">or take hits in Round 1. They arrive at the</p>
+<p style="top:800.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">start of Round 2 to take normal turns.</p>
+<p style="top:817.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>EXCEPTION: </i></b><i>If all Round 1 blocks are</i></p>
+<p style="top:830.3pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>eliminated, Reserve blocks for that side</i></p>
+<p style="top:843.4pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>immediately</i></b><i> deploy. They cannot fire</i></p>
+<p style="top:856.5pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>until Round 2, but take hits normally from</i></p>
+<p style="top:869.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>unfired</i></b><i> enemy blocks during Round 1.</i></p>
+<p style="top:886.5pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>CONTROL </i></b><i>changes if </i><b><i>all</i></b><i> defending blocks</i></p>
+<p style="top:899.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>are eliminated in Round 1. The Defender is</i></p>
+<p style="top:100.9pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>now the Attacker for further combat, and</i></p>
+<p style="top:114.0pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>must retreat in Round 4 if necessary.</i></p>
+<p style="top:130.9pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Blocks moved by <b><i>Player 2 </i></b>to <i>reinforce</i></p>
+<p style="top:144.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">a battle started by Player 1 are <b><i>Reserves</i></b>.</p>
+<p style="top:157.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">A maximum of <b><i>two</i></b> different borders</p>
+<p style="top:170.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">are allowed and reserves arrive to fight</p>
+<p style="top:183.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">starting in Round 2.</p>
+<p style="top:200.3pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Example: </i></b><i>York player attacks Essex</i></p>
+<p style="top:213.4pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>from Rutland with 3 blocks (main attack)</i></p>
+<p style="top:226.5pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>and from Middlesex with 2 blocks.</i></p>
+<p style="top:239.6pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Lancastrian player has 2 blocks defending</i></p>
+<p style="top:252.8pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Essex, but moves 3 blocks from East Anglia</i></p>
+<p style="top:265.9pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>to Essex. Round 1 has 3 Rutland blocks</i></p>
+<p style="top:279.0pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>attacking 2 defending Essex blocks. The</i></p>
+<p style="top:292.1pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Middlesex and East Anglia blocks are</i></p>
+<p style="top:305.3pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Reserves</i></b><i> that arrive for Round 2.</i></p>
+<p style="top:328.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.4 BATTLE HITS</b></p>
+<p style="top:342.8pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Each block in its Battle Turn rolls as</p>
+<p style="top:355.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">many dice as its current <i>Strength</i>. A hit is</p>
+<p style="top:369.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">scored for each die roll equal to or lower</p>
+<p style="top:382.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">than the block&#x2019;s Combat Rating.</p>
+<p style="top:399.0pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Example: </i></b><i>Stanley 3 rolls 3 dice. He</i></p>
+<p style="top:412.1pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>has B2 combat: all rolls of 1 &amp; 2 are hits,</i></p>
+<p style="top:425.3pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>otherwise misses.</i></p>
+<p style="top:442.1pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">All hits by <b><i>one</i></b> block are applied</p>
+<p style="top:455.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>immediately</i></b> to the<b> </b>enemy block with</p>
+<p style="top:468.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">the <b><i>highest</i></b> current Strength. If a block is</p>
+<p style="top:481.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">eliminated, surplus hits apply to the next</p>
+<p style="top:494.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">highest Strength enemy block, etc. If two</p>
+<p style="top:507.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">or more blocks have the highest Strength,</p>
+<p style="top:520.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">the <b><i>owner</i></b> chooses which to reduce.</p>
+<p style="top:537.8pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Blocks defending their shields, crowns,</p>
+<p style="top:550.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">cathedrals, and cities have a defensive</p>
+<p style="top:564.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">benefit of +1 firepower.  See: 2.2/2.3.</p>
+<p style="top:587.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.5 HEIR CHARGES</b></p>
+<p style="top:601.5pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">The </span><b><i><span style="color:#000">senior</span></i></b><span style="color:#000"> </span><b><i><span style="color:#000">heir</span></i></b><span style="color:#000"> present in each </span></p>
+<p style="top:614.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">battle at the instant of fire has the </span><b><i><span style="color:#000">option</span></i></b><span style="color:#000"> </span></p>
+<p style="top:627.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">to </span><b><i><span style="color:#000">Charge</span></i></b><i><span style="color:#000">. </span></i>The<i> </i>charging heir fires at<b> </b>a</p>
+<p style="top:640.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>named</i></b> enemy block at <b><i>normal</i></b> firepower.</p>
+<p style="top:654.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Surplus hits are <b><i>forfeit</i></b>. If the target</p>
+<p style="top:667.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">survives the charge, it gets one <b><i>bonus</i></b> fire</p>
+<p style="top:680.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">(normal firepower) at the charging block</p>
+<p style="top:693.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>immediately</i></b>.</p>
+<p style="top:716.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.6 RETREATS</b></p>
+<p style="top:730.9pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Each block may retreat (instead of</p>
+<p style="top:744.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">attacking) on its Battle Turn, except blocks</p>
+<p style="top:757.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">can <b><i>never</i></b> retreat on <b><i>Battle Round 1.</i></b><i></i></p>
+<p style="top:775.1pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>&#x2022; </b>Blocks must retreat to adjacent <i>friendly</i></p>
+<p style="top:788.6pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">or <i>vacant</i> areas. They may retreat to</p>
+<p style="top:802.1pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">multiple adjacent areas via different</p>
+<p style="top:815.6pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">borders.</p>
+<p style="top:831.6pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>&#x2022; </b>Blocks may <b><i>not</i></b> retreat via borders that</p>
+<p style="top:845.1pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">were used by the <i>enemy </i>player to enter</p>
+<p style="top:858.6pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">the battle. When both players have</p>
+<p style="top:872.1pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">crossed the <b><i>same</i></b> border, only Player 2</p>
+<p style="top:885.6pt;left:295.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">may retreat via this border.</p>
+<p style="top:262.9pt;left:515.0pt;font-size:16.6pt"><b><i>Richard Plantagenet </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:279.8pt;left:515.0pt;font-size:14.3pt"><b><i>Duke of Gloucester </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:294.8pt;left:515.0pt;font-size:14.3pt"><b><i>Richard III, 1452-1485</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:315.0pt;left:515.0pt;font-size:10.4pt"><i>Conscience is but a word that cowards use</i></p>
+<p style="top:328.5pt;left:515.0pt;font-size:10.4pt"><i>Devis&apos;d at first to keep the strong in awe</i></p>
+<p style="top:342.0pt;left:515.0pt;font-size:10.4pt"><i>Our strong arms be our conscience, swords our law</i></p>
+<p style="top:355.5pt;left:515.0pt;font-size:10.4pt"><i>March on, join bravely, let us to the pell-mell</i></p>
+<p style="top:368.8pt;left:515.0pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>If not to heaven, then hand in hand to hell.</i></p>
+<p style="top:386.0pt;left:588.8pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Richard III, Act V, Scene III</i></p>
+<p style="top:436.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Recruiting</b></p>
+<p style="top:449.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Some areas contain two or three deployment</p>
+<p style="top:461.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">symbols. For example, <i>Northumberland</i></p>
+<p style="top:473.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">contains a shield (Northumberland) and a City</p>
+<p style="top:485.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">(Newcastle). The Lancastrian could expend 2ap</p>
+<p style="top:497.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">and recruit the noble Northumberland and the</p>
+<p style="top:509.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Newcastle levy in the same turn.  Similarly, <i>East</i></p>
+<p style="top:521.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt"><i>Anglia</i> contains two shields and one city. Here</p>
+<p style="top:533.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">the York player could spend 3ap and raise three</p>
+<p style="top:545.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">blocks from his pool &#x2013; the nobles Norfolk and</p>
+<p style="top:557.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Suffolk, plus the Norwich levy.</p>
+<p style="top:576.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Battle Example</b></p>
+<p style="top:589.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Herbert (A2) and Clarence (B2) attack Rivers</p>
+<p style="top:601.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">(B2). The Battle Turn sequence for each round</p>
+<p style="top:613.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">is: Herbert (A2), Rivers (B2), and Clarence (B2).</p>
+<p style="top:631.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Battle Hits</b></p>
+<p style="top:644.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Unlike most block games, all hits from one firing</p>
+<p style="top:656.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">block are applied to the highest strength enemy</p>
+<p style="top:668.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">block. Only if that block is eliminated do surplus</p>
+<p style="top:680.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">hits carry over to the next strongest block.</p>
+<p style="top:692.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">This can result in one key enemy block being</p>
+<p style="top:704.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">eliminated by one devastating fire, not unlike</p>
+<p style="top:716.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">what happened to the Duke of York, Warwick,</p>
+<p style="top:728.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">and Richard III.</p>
+<p style="top:746.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Attacker/Defender</b></p>
+<p style="top:759.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Because both players move before combat, a</p>
+<p style="top:771.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">player can be the Defender in some battles, and</p>
+<p style="top:783.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">the Attacker in others.</p>
+<p style="top:802.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Pursuit</b></p>
+<p style="top:815.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">Many casualties occured from pursuit. This is</p>
+<p style="top:827.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">naturally handled by the game system. A block</p>
+<p style="top:839.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">wishing to retreat must await its normal battle</p>
+<p style="top:851.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">turn. If the Defender survives three battle</p>
+<p style="top:863.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">rounds, the Attacker must retreat during round</p>
+<p style="top:875.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">4, but takes fire from Defender blocks that have</p>
+<p style="top:887.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:9.8pt">an <b>earlier</b> battle turn.</p>
+<p style="top:935.3pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Copyright &#xa9; 2009 Columbia Games and Jerry Taylor</b></p>
+<p style="top:932.3pt;left:380.0pt;font-size:14.6pt"><b>6</b><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:935.3pt;left:633.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Version 1.02</b></p>
+</div>
+<div id="page7" style="width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt;background-image:url('rules07.jpg')">
+<p style="top:56.3pt;left:302.5pt;font-size:24.6pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">RICHARD III</span></b></p>
+<p style="top:101.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>&#x2022; </b>Border limits apply to retreating blocks</p>
+<p style="top:114.6pt;left:73.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>each</i></b> Battle Round.</p>
+<p style="top:131.9pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><span style="color:#000">&#x2022; </span></b><span style="color:#000">Blocks that cannot retreat when </span></p>
+<p style="top:145.4pt;left:73.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">required are eliminated. </span></p>
+<p style="top:168.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.7 REGROUPS</b></p>
+<p style="top:182.9pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">When a battle ends the <b><i>victor</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:196.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">(Attacker or Defender) </span>may <b><i>Regroup</i></b>.</p>
+<p style="top:209.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">All victorious blocks (including any in</p>
+<p style="top:222.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Reserve) <b><i>may</i></b> move to any adjacent</p>
+<p style="top:235.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>friendly</i> or <i>vacant</i> areas, <b><i>never</i></b> to <i>enemy</i> or</p>
+<p style="top:248.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>contested</i> areas. Border Limits (5.21) apply.</p>
+<p style="top:271.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.8 ELIMINATED BLOCKS</b></p>
+<p style="top:292.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.81 The King is Dead</b></p>
+<p style="top:306.6pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">The King is dead; long live the King!</p>
+<p style="top:319.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">The <b><i>senior royal heir </i></b>becomes king at his</p>
+<p style="top:332.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">current location (even exile) and strength</p>
+<p style="top:346.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">at the <b><i>beginning</i></b> of the next <b><i>Supply </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:359.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Phase. </i></b>The location of the new king must</p>
+<p style="top:372.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">be announced. If the senior royal heir is a</p>
+<p style="top:385.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>minor</i></b>, see 6.82.</p>
+<p style="top:408.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.82 Death of an Heir</b></p>
+<p style="top:422.9pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Heirs are <i>permanently</i> eliminated when</p>
+<p style="top:436.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">killed. The enemy player keeps them <b><i>off-</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:449.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>map </i></b>as a record of the game.</p>
+<p style="top:466.0pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">When an heir is killed, the senior</p>
+<p style="top:479.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>minor</i></b> enters play at the <b><i>beginning</i></b> of the</p>
+<p style="top:492.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">next <b><i>Supply Phase.</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:509.1pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>R</i></b><b><i>oyal</i></b><b><i> </i></b><b><i>heirs</i></b> enter in any friendly or</p>
+<p style="top:522.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">vacant <b><i>Crown</i></b> area. Pretender heirs enter</p>
+<p style="top:535.4pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">in either <b><i>Exile</i></b> area.<i></i></p>
+<p style="top:558.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.83 Death of a Noble</b></p>
+<p style="top:572.9pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Rose</i></b> nobles are permanently</p>
+<p style="top:586.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">eliminated. Other nobles (and church) go</p>
+<p style="top:599.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">to the owner pool<i> </i><b><i>face-down</i></b><b>.</b><b><i> </i></b>They cannot</p>
+<p style="top:612.3pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">be recruited again this campaign.</p>
+<p style="top:629.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Exception:</i></b><i> The Neville blocks Kent,</i></p>
+<p style="top:642.3pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Salisbury, and Warwick, are </i><b><i>permanently</i></b><i></i></p>
+<p style="top:655.4pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>killed.</i></p>
+<p style="top:678.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.84 Death of a Levy</b></p>
+<p style="top:692.9pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Eliminated <b><i>City </i></b>levies<b><i> </i></b>and <b><i>Bombards</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:706.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">go to the owner pool<b><i> </i></b><i>face-down. </i>They</p>
+<p style="top:719.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">cannot be recruited again this campaign.</p>
+<p style="top:742.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.85 Death of a </b><b><i>Mercenary</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:756.6pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">Eliminated mercenaries go to their</p>
+<p style="top:769.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">home area <i>face-down, </i>except the<b><i> Welsh</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:782.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">go <i>face-down </i>to the <i>Lancastrian</i> pool.</p>
+<p style="top:796.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Mercenaries <b><i>cannot</i></b> be recruited again this</p>
+<p style="top:809.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">campaign.</p>
+<p style="top:832.5pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.86 Death of a Rebel</b></p>
+<p style="top:846.6pt;left:80.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">The Rebel if eliminated goes to the</p>
+<p style="top:859.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Pretender pool <i>face-down</i>.  It <b><i>cannot</i></b> be</p>
+<p style="top:872.9pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">recruited again this campaign.</p>
+<p style="top:101.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.9 TREACHERY ROLLS</b></p>
+<p style="top:115.3pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Some nobles were unreliable on the</p>
+<p style="top:128.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">battlefield and several upset victories</p>
+<p style="top:141.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">resulted from treachery.</p>
+<p style="top:158.4pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">The <b><i>King, Warwick, </i></b>and<b><i> Pretender </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:171.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">may <b><i>each</i></b> attempt <b><i>one (1) </i></b>Treachery Roll</p>
+<p style="top:184.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">per battle (if present). A Treachery Roll is</p>
+<p style="top:197.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">made in a normal Battle Turn <b><i>instead</i></b> of</p>
+<p style="top:210.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">firing or retreating. Choose an enemy block</p>
+<p style="top:224.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">(not in Reserve) and roll as many dice as</p>
+<p style="top:237.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">the target&apos;s Loyalty Rating. If all numbers</p>
+<p style="top:250.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">(not the total) rolled <i>are</i><b><i> EVEN</i></b> the block</p>
+<p style="top:263.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">defects to your Reserve <span style="color:#000">at current strength</span></p>
+<p style="top:276.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">and fights normally starting next round.</p>
+<p style="top:293.4pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>EXAMPLE: </i></b><i>Treachery Roll is made by the</i></p>
+<p style="top:306.5pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>K</i><i>ing</i><b><i> </i></b><i>to convert </i><i>N</i><i>orthumberland</i><i>, loyalty</i></p>
+<p style="top:319.6pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>2. Two dice are rolled. If </i><b><i>both</i></b><i> numbers are</i></p>
+<p style="top:332.8pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>even</i></b><i>, </i><i>N</i><i>orthumberland</i><i> defects.</i></p>
+<p style="top:349.6pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">The same block can receive three</p>
+<p style="top:362.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Treachery Rolls in one battle, such as</p>
+<p style="top:375.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">one each from the Traitor card, the</p>
+<p style="top:389.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Pretender, and <i>Warwick</i>. A Treachery Roll</p>
+<p style="top:402.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">cannot be made to regain a defected block</p>
+<p style="top:415.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">in the same battle.</p>
+<p style="top:438.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>6.91 Warwick</b></p>
+<p style="top:452.8pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Kent</i> and <i>Salisbury</i> have a small</p>
+<p style="top:465.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">&quot;Warwick&quot; shield instead of a Loyalty</p>
+<p style="top:479.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Rating. These blocks have a Loyalty Rating</p>
+<p style="top:492.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">of 2, but only 1 if Warwick is making the</p>
+<p style="top:505.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Treachery Roll.</p>
+<p style="top:522.5pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Warwick</i></b><i> cannot make a treachery roll</i></p>
+<p style="top:536.0pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>on </i><b><i>Northumberland </i></b><i>or </i><b><i>Westmoreland</i></b><i>.</i></p>
+<p style="top:563.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:17.0pt"><b>7.0 SUPPLY PHASE</b></p>
+<p style="top:587.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>7.1 SUPPLY LIMITS</b></p>
+<p style="top:601.6pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Each area can supply up to four (4)</p>
+<p style="top:614.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">blocks without penalty. When more than</p>
+<p style="top:627.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">four blocks exist in one area in the Supply</p>
+<p style="top:641.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Phase, <b><i>each</i></b> surplus block (owner choice)</p>
+<p style="top:654.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">is reduced one step. <span style="color:#000">Blocks eliminated by </span></p>
+<p style="top:667.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">supply limit are treated as per 6.8. </span></p>
+<p style="top:684.1pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>CITIES: </i></b><i> The Supply Limit in areas</i></p>
+<p style="top:697.3pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>containing a city is </i><b><i>five (5)</i></b><i> blocks.</i></p>
+<p style="top:720.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b><span style="color:#000">7.2 EXILE LIMITS</span></b></p>
+<p style="top:734.8pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i><span style="color:#000">Calais</span></i></b><span style="color:#000"> and </span><b><i><span style="color:#000">France</span></i></b><span style="color:#000"> can each supply up </span></p>
+<p style="top:747.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">to four (4) blocks, plus local mercenaries. </span></p>
+<p style="top:761.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i><span style="color:#000">Ireland</span></i></b><span style="color:#000"> and </span><b><i><span style="color:#000">Scotland</span></i></b><span style="color:#000"> can supply two </span></p>
+<p style="top:774.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">(2)</span><b><span style="color:#000"> </span></b><span style="color:#000">blocks plus the local mercenary. </span></p>
+<p style="top:787.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">Extra blocks (owner choice) are subject </span></p>
+<p style="top:800.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">to normal </span><b><i><span style="color:#000">Supply Penalty. </span></i></b><span style="color:#000">Extra blocks </span></p>
+<p style="top:813.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">(owner choice) are also sent to the player </span></p>
+<p style="top:826.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">pool during Campaign Reset (8.5). Hence, </span></p>
+<p style="top:839.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">with three York blocks in Ireland, but the </span></p>
+<p style="top:852.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">Irish block is absent, one exile is subject </span></p>
+<p style="top:866.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">to one step loss each </span><span style="color:#000">S</span><span style="color:#000">upply</span><span style="color:#000"> P</span><span style="color:#000">hase</span><span style="color:#000">. </span><span style="color:#000">If still </span></p>
+<p style="top:879.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">overstacked, one exile (owner choice) goes </span></p>
+<p style="top:892.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">to the pool on reset.</span></p>
+<p style="top:257.6pt;left:520.0pt;font-size:16.6pt"><b><i>Henry Tudor </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:274.6pt;left:520.0pt;font-size:14.1pt"><b><i>Henry VII, 1457&#x2013;1509</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:294.5pt;left:520.0pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>This pretty lad will prove our country&apos;s bliss</i></p>
+<p style="top:308.0pt;left:520.0pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>His looks are full of peaceful magesty</i></p>
+<p style="top:321.5pt;left:520.0pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>His head by nature fram&apos;d to wear a crown</i></p>
+<p style="top:335.0pt;left:520.0pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>His hand to wield a sceptre; and himself</i></p>
+<p style="top:348.5pt;left:520.0pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Likely in time to bless a regal throne.</i></p>
+<p style="top:365.8pt;left:562.5pt;font-size:10.6pt"><i>Henry VI Part 3, Act IV, Scene VI.</i></p>
+<p style="top:420.8pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>Example Game Turn</b></p>
+<p style="top:436.1pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.6pt"><b> &#x2022;Deploy </b>forces as per 4.4 and 4.5.</p>
+<p style="top:449.5pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:10.8pt"><b>Game Turn 1</b></p>
+<p style="top:463.8pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.6pt"><b> &#x2022;Card Play: </b>York 3, Lancaster 3. Cards are tied,</p>
+<p style="top:475.8pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.6pt">but Pretender (York) is Player 1 on ties.</p>
+<p style="top:489.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.6pt"><b> &#x2022;York (Player 1): </b>Sea Move <span style="color:#000">W</span><span style="color:#000">arwick</span> &amp;</p>
+<p style="top:501.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.6pt">Salisbury from <i>Calais</i> to <i>East Anglia</i> (port to port</p>
+<p style="top:513.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.6pt"><span style="color:#000">so both sea moves cost 1 AP</span>). Recruit Norfolk</p>
+<p style="top:525.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.6pt"><span style="color:#000">noble</span> and Norwich Levy in <i>East Anglia </i>to</p>
+<p style="top:537.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.6pt">complete 3 actions.</p>
+<p style="top:550.3pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.6pt"><b> &#x2022;Lancaster (Player 2): </b>Move Oxford block to</p>
+<p style="top:562.3pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.6pt">Middlesex. Move Beaumont block to Middlesex.</p>
+<p style="top:574.3pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.6pt">Bombard is recruited and deployed in Middlesex.</p>
+<p style="top:587.5pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.6pt"><b> &#x2022;Supply Phase: </b>No battles were created. Neither</p>
+<p style="top:599.5pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.6pt">player has supply problems. Both players now play</p>
+<p style="top:611.5pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.6pt">one new card and another Game Turn is played.</p>
+<p style="top:639.3pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Battle Treachery</b></p>
+<p style="top:652.3pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">Several battles were decided by treachery.</p>
+<p style="top:664.3pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">The <i>Battle of Northumberland </i>ended with a</p>
+<p style="top:676.3pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">Yorkist victory after Lord Gray, defending the</p>
+<p style="top:688.3pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">Lancastrian left, switched to support York.</p>
+<p style="top:704.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">Most famous of all was the <i>Battle of Bosworth</i></p>
+<p style="top:716.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt"><i>Field </i>where Stanley defected to the Lancastrian</p>
+<p style="top:728.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">side before the battle, and Northumberland,</p>
+<p style="top:740.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">declined to fight on a pretext that took one third</p>
+<p style="top:752.0pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">of Richard III&apos;s army out of the fight.</p>
+<p style="top:786.1pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Defecting Nobles</b></p>
+<p style="top:799.1pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">Unlike <b><i>Hammer of the Scots, </i></b>nobles in this</p>
+<p style="top:811.1pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">game can only change sides from a Battle</p>
+<p style="top:823.1pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">Treachery roll. They do not automatically switch</p>
+<p style="top:835.1pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">sides if killed. Instead, heirs, roses, and Nevilles</p>
+<p style="top:847.1pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">are permanently dead, and the others return to</p>
+<p style="top:859.1pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:9.8pt">the owner&apos;s pool.</p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Copyright &#xa9; 2009 Columbia Games and Jerry Taylor</b></p>
+<p style="top:929.8pt;left:380.0pt;font-size:14.6pt"><b>7</b><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:633.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Version 1.02</b></p>
+</div>
+<div id="page8" style="width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt;background-image:url('rules08.jpg')">
+<p style="top:56.3pt;left:302.5pt;font-size:24.6pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">RICHARD III</span></b></p>
+<p style="top:101.0pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:17.0pt"><b>8.0 POLITICAL TURN</b></p>
+<p style="top:122.8pt;left:81.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">A campaign ends when all seven (7)</p>
+<p style="top:135.9pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Game Turns have been played.</p>
+<p style="top:152.8pt;left:81.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">A Political Turn is now played during</p>
+<p style="top:165.9pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">which the Pretender can usurp the throne,</p>
+<p style="top:179.0pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">and armies prepare for the next campaign.</p>
+<p style="top:192.1pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Play the political actions in the <b><i>exact</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:205.3pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">order given.</p>
+<p style="top:228.6pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>8.1 LEVIES DISBAND</b></p>
+<p style="top:242.8pt;left:81.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Levies</i></b>, <b><i>Bombards</i></b>, and <b><i>Welsh</i></b> return</p>
+<p style="top:255.9pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">to the owner&apos;s pool. <b><i>Mercenaries</i></b> return to</p>
+<p style="top:269.0pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">their home areas. <b><i>Rebel</i></b> block disbands.</p>
+<p style="top:292.4pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>8.2 USURPATION</b></p>
+<p style="top:306.5pt;left:81.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Usurpation occurs when the</p>
+<p style="top:319.6pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>P</b><b>retender</b> controls a <b><i>majority</i></b> of nobles</p>
+<p style="top:332.8pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">and heirs. Each church block counts as</p>
+<p style="top:345.9pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">one (1) noble. Occupation of London</p>
+<p style="top:359.0pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">(Middlesex) also counts as one (1) noble.</p>
+<p style="top:375.9pt;left:81.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Exclude </i></b>any<b><i> </i></b>blocks in exile, <i>Isle of</i></p>
+<p style="top:389.0pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Man, </i>or the pool. Ties are won by the</p>
+<p style="top:402.1pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">King.</p>
+<p style="top:419.0pt;left:81.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">If Usurpation occurs, the Pretender&apos;s</p>
+<p style="top:432.1pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>senior</b> <b>heir</b> becomes King. The former</p>
+<p style="top:445.3pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">King is deposed and must go to exile as</p>
+<p style="top:458.4pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">the Pretender.</p>
+<p style="top:481.8pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>8.3 PRETENDER GOES HOME</b></p>
+<p style="top:495.9pt;left:81.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">The Pretender and his heirs <span style="color:#000">on map </span></p>
+<p style="top:509.0pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>must</i></b> go to exile. Nobles/church <span style="color:#000">on map</span></p>
+<p style="top:522.1pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">go to their own shield/cathedral, but if</p>
+<p style="top:535.3pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">enemy-occupied, then to the friendly pool.</p>
+<p style="top:552.1pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>NOTE:</i></b><i> Warwick</i> <i>cannot return to </i><b><i>Calais</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:565.3pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:11.0pt">if <b><i>Lancastrian</i></b>. <i>Subject to Exile Limits</i></p>
+<p style="top:578.4pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>(7.2), nobles </i><i>S</i><i>alisbury</i><i> and </i><i>K</i><i>ent</i><i> (if</i></p>
+<p style="top:591.5pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Yorkist) may also go to </i><b><i>Calais </i></b><i>if their</i></p>
+<p style="top:604.6pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>shield(s) are enemy-occupied</i><b><i>. </i></b><i>These three</i></p>
+<p style="top:617.8pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Nevilles may also go to each other&apos;s shields</i></p>
+<p style="top:630.9pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>if their owner is </i><b><i>dead</i></b><i>.</i></p>
+<p style="top:654.3pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>8.4 KING GOES HOME</b></p>
+<p style="top:668.4pt;left:81.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">The King and royal heirs <span style="color:#000">on map </span></p>
+<p style="top:681.5pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">return to their shield or any <b><i>crown</i></b> area.</p>
+<p style="top:694.6pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">Nobles/Church <span style="color:#000">on map </span>go to their own</p>
+<p style="top:707.8pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">shield/cathedral, but if enemy-occupied,</p>
+<p style="top:720.9pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">then to the friendly pool.</p>
+<p style="top:737.8pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Important:</i></b><i> For both players, blocks</i></p>
+<p style="top:750.9pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>currently in exile must remain in exile.</i></p>
+<p style="top:774.3pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b>8.5 CAMPAIGN RESET</b></p>
+<p style="top:788.4pt;left:81.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">All <b><i>face-down</i></b> blocks in the pool</p>
+<p style="top:801.5pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>stand-up </i>and are available to be recruited</p>
+<p style="top:814.6pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">in the upcoming campaign. Move the</p>
+<p style="top:827.8pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Rebel</i></b> block to the Pretender pool. <b><span style="color:#000">All </span></b></p>
+<p style="top:840.9pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><span style="color:#000">blocks in the pool and on the map are </span></b></p>
+<p style="top:854.0pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><span style="color:#000">raised to full strength. </span></b></p>
+<p style="top:870.9pt;left:81.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Shuffle all 25 cards and deal seven (7)</p>
+<p style="top:884.0pt;left:62.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">to each player for the next campaign.</p>
+<p style="top:101.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:17.0pt"><b>9.0 VICTORY</b></p>
+<p style="top:122.8pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Eliminate all five (5) enemy heirs for</p>
+<p style="top:135.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">an <b><i>instant</i></b> victory. Otherwise, after the</p>
+<p style="top:149.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">third <b><i>Campaign</i></b>, play through <b><i>Usurpation</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:162.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">(8.2) of the Political Turn. Whoever is King</p>
+<p style="top:175.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">wins the game.</p>
+<p style="top:198.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:12.1pt"><b><span style="color:#000">9.1 CLARENCE &AMP; EXETER</span></b></p>
+<p style="top:212.8pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">Two heirs, </span><span style="color:#000">E</span><span style="color:#000">xeter</span><span style="color:#000"> (Lancaster) and </span></p>
+<p style="top:225.9pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">C</span><span style="color:#000">larence</span><span style="color:#000"> (York) are subject to Treachery </span></p>
+<p style="top:239.0pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">rolls and can defect to the other side. </span></p>
+<p style="top:252.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">They</span><span style="color:#000"> </span><span style="color:#000">cannot defect if they </span><b><i><span style="color:#000">are</span></i></b><span style="color:#000"> the </span><span style="color:#000">K</span><span style="color:#000">ing</span><span style="color:#000"> or </span></p>
+<p style="top:265.3pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">P</span><span style="color:#000">retender</span><span style="color:#000">. If they do defect:</span></p>
+<p style="top:282.1pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">&#x2022;They are not heirs for their new side, </span></p>
+<p style="top:295.3pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">just nobles who count for usurpation.</span></p>
+<p style="top:312.1pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">&#x2022;They are not heirs (or nobles) for their </span></p>
+<p style="top:325.3pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">original side, but regain that status if </span></p>
+<p style="top:338.4pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">they defect back to that side. </span></p>
+<p style="top:355.3pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">&#x2022;They can be executed (eliminated) </span></p>
+<p style="top:368.4pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">during any </span><span style="color:#000">S</span><span style="color:#000">upply</span><span style="color:#000"> P</span><span style="color:#000">hase</span><span style="color:#000"> </span><span style="color:#000">to ensure they </span></p>
+<p style="top:381.5pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">never defect back to their original side.</span></p>
+<p style="top:398.4pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">&#x2022;No minor heir is activated to replace </span></p>
+<p style="top:411.5pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">them unless that heir is killed or </span></p>
+<p style="top:424.6pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">executed.  </span></p>
+<p style="top:441.5pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">&#x2022;When required to go home as an </span></p>
+<p style="top:454.6pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">enemy noble, </span><span style="color:#000">E</span><span style="color:#000">xeter</span><span style="color:#000"> goes to Cornwall, </span></p>
+<p style="top:467.8pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">and </span><span style="color:#000">C</span><span style="color:#000">larence</span><span style="color:#000"> to any </span><b><i><span style="color:#000">vacant</span></i></b><span style="color:#000"> </span><span style="color:#000">Y</span><span style="color:#000">ork</span><span style="color:#000"> </span></p>
+<p style="top:480.9pt;left:288.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#000">shield, otherwise to the friendly pool. </span></p>
+<p style="top:545.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:17.0pt"><b>CREDITS</b></p>
+<p style="top:563.4pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Game Design:</b></p>
+<p style="top:563.4pt;left:365.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Tom Dalgliesh</i></p>
+<p style="top:576.5pt;left:365.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Jerry Taylor</i></p>
+<p style="top:597.1pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Developer:</b></p>
+<p style="top:597.1pt;left:365.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Grant Dalgliesh</i></p>
+<p style="top:617.8pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Art/Graphics:</b></p>
+<p style="top:617.8pt;left:365.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>National Portrait Gallery</i></p>
+<p style="top:630.9pt;left:365.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Mark Mahaffey</i></p>
+<p style="top:644.0pt;left:365.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Tom Dalgliesh</i></p>
+<p style="top:664.6pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Contributors:</b><i></i></p>
+<p style="top:664.6pt;left:365.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Kevin Duke</i></p>
+<p style="top:677.8pt;left:365.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Stan Hilinski</i></p>
+<p style="top:690.9pt;left:365.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Mark Kwasny</i></p>
+<p style="top:704.0pt;left:365.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Nate Merchant</i></p>
+<p style="top:717.1pt;left:365.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Bill Powers</i></p>
+<p style="top:730.3pt;left:365.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>David Rayner</i></p>
+<p style="top:743.4pt;left:365.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Joe Schweninger</i></p>
+<p style="top:756.5pt;left:365.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Mike Spurlock</i></p>
+<p style="top:799.3pt;left:345.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Columbia Games, Inc</b></p>
+<p style="top:812.4pt;left:345.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>POB 3457, Blaine</b></p>
+<p style="top:825.5pt;left:345.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>WA 98231 USA</b></p>
+<p style="top:838.6pt;left:345.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">360/366-2228</p>
+<p style="top:851.8pt;left:345.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">800/636-3631 (toll free)</p>
+<p style="top:885.5pt;left:282.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">For game updates and discussion, see:</p>
+<p style="top:898.6pt;left:301.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>www.columbiagames.com</b></p>
+<p style="top:101.8pt;left:505.0pt;font-size:14.6pt"><b>INDEX</b></p>
+<p style="top:120.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Areas and Control</b></p>
+<p style="top:120.9pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>2.1</b></p>
+<p style="top:133.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Battles</b></p>
+<p style="top:133.4pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>6.0</b></p>
+<p style="top:145.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"> Charges</p>
+<p style="top:145.9pt;left:666.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">6.5</p>
+<p style="top:158.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"> Hits</p>
+<p style="top:158.4pt;left:666.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">6.4</p>
+<p style="top:170.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"> Reserves</p>
+<p style="top:170.9pt;left:666.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">6.3</p>
+<p style="top:183.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"> Retreats</p>
+<p style="top:183.4pt;left:666.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">6.6</p>
+<p style="top:195.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"> Turns</p>
+<p style="top:195.9pt;left:666.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">6.2</p>
+<p style="top:208.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Blocks</b></p>
+<p style="top:208.4pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>3.0</b></p>
+<p style="top:220.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Bombard</b></p>
+<p style="top:220.9pt;left:615.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>3.24, 5.4, 6.2</b></p>
+<p style="top:233.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Border Limits</b></p>
+<p style="top:233.4pt;left:658.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>5.21</b></p>
+<p style="top:245.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Cards</b></p>
+<p style="top:245.9pt;left:621.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>1.1, 5.1, 8.5</b></p>
+<p style="top:258.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Cathedrals</b></p>
+<p style="top:258.4pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>2.5</b></p>
+<p style="top:270.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Church</b></p>
+<p style="top:270.9pt;left:658.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>3.23</b></p>
+<p style="top:283.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Cities</b></p>
+<p style="top:283.4pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>2.4</b></p>
+<p style="top:295.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Clarence &amp; Exeter</b></p>
+<p style="top:295.9pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>9.1</b></p>
+<p style="top:308.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Combat Rating</b></p>
+<p style="top:308.4pt;left:658.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>3.12</b></p>
+<p style="top:320.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Crowns</b></p>
+<p style="top:320.9pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>2.3</b></p>
+<p style="top:333.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Deployment</b></p>
+<p style="top:333.4pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>4.0</b></p>
+<p style="top:345.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Eliminations</b></p>
+<p style="top:345.9pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>6.8</b></p>
+<p style="top:358.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Event Cards</b></p>
+<p style="top:358.4pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>5.1</b></p>
+<p style="top:370.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Exile</b></p>
+<p style="top:370.9pt;left:642.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>2.7, 8.3</b></p>
+<p style="top:383.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Friendly Area</b></p>
+<p style="top:383.4pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>2.1</b></p>
+<p style="top:395.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Game Turns</b></p>
+<p style="top:395.9pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>1.0</b></p>
+<p style="top:408.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Heirs</b></p>
+<p style="top:408.4pt;left:658.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>3.21</b></p>
+<p style="top:420.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"> Arrival</p>
+<p style="top:420.9pt;left:666.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">4.5</p>
+<p style="top:433.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"> Death</p>
+<p style="top:433.4pt;left:661.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">6.82</p>
+<p style="top:445.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Initiative</b></p>
+<p style="top:445.9pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>1.1</b></p>
+<p style="top:458.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Ireland</b></p>
+<p style="top:458.4pt;left:658.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>2.71</b></p>
+<p style="top:470.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Islands</b></p>
+<p style="top:470.9pt;left:658.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>2.82</b></p>
+<p style="top:483.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>King</b></p>
+<p style="top:483.4pt;left:636.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>3.21, 6.9</b></p>
+<p style="top:495.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"> Usurpation</p>
+<p style="top:495.9pt;left:666.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">8.2</p>
+<p style="top:508.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"> Death</p>
+<p style="top:508.4pt;left:661.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">6.81</p>
+<p style="top:520.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levies</b></p>
+<p style="top:520.9pt;left:658.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>3.24</b></p>
+<p style="top:533.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"> Deploy</p>
+<p style="top:533.4pt;left:666.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">5.4</p>
+<p style="top:545.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"> Disband</p>
+<p style="top:545.9pt;left:666.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">8.1</p>
+<p style="top:558.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"> Elimination</p>
+<p style="top:558.4pt;left:661.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">6.84</p>
+<p style="top:570.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Loyalty</b></p>
+<p style="top:570.9pt;left:636.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>3.13, 6.9</b></p>
+<p style="top:583.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Mercenaries</b></p>
+<p style="top:583.4pt;left:631.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>3.25, 6.85</b></p>
+<p style="top:595.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Movement</b></p>
+<p style="top:595.9pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>5.0</b></p>
+<p style="top:608.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b> </b>Land Movement</p>
+<p style="top:608.4pt;left:666.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">5.2</p>
+<p style="top:620.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b> </b>Sea Movement</p>
+<p style="top:620.9pt;left:666.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">5.3</p>
+<p style="top:633.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Nobles</b></p>
+<p style="top:633.4pt;left:658.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>3.22</b></p>
+<p style="top:645.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"> Death</p>
+<p style="top:645.9pt;left:641.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">6.83, 8.5</p>
+<p style="top:658.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"> Shields</p>
+<p style="top:658.4pt;left:627.5pt;font-size:11.0pt">2.2, 8.3, 8.4</p>
+<p style="top:670.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Pinning</b></p>
+<p style="top:670.9pt;left:658.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>5.22</b></p>
+<p style="top:683.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Political Turn</b></p>
+<p style="top:683.4pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>8.0</b></p>
+<p style="top:695.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Ports</b></p>
+<p style="top:695.9pt;left:631.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>2.83, 5.31</b></p>
+<p style="top:708.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Pretender</b></p>
+<p style="top:708.4pt;left:658.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>3.21</b></p>
+<p style="top:720.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Rebel</b></p>
+<p style="top:720.9pt;left:608.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>3.26, 5.4, 6.86</b></p>
+<p style="top:733.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Recruits</b></p>
+<p style="top:733.4pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>5.4</b></p>
+<p style="top:745.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Regrouping</b></p>
+<p style="top:745.9pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>6.7</b></p>
+<p style="top:758.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Retreats</b></p>
+<p style="top:758.4pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>6.6</b></p>
+<p style="top:770.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Scotland</b></p>
+<p style="top:770.9pt;left:658.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>2.72</b></p>
+<p style="top:783.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Sea Moves</b></p>
+<p style="top:783.4pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>5.3</b></p>
+<p style="top:795.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Seas &amp; Sea Zones</b></p>
+<p style="top:795.9pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>2.8</b></p>
+<p style="top:808.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Setup</b></p>
+<p style="top:808.4pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>4.0</b></p>
+<p style="top:820.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Shields</b></p>
+<p style="top:820.9pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>2.2</b></p>
+<p style="top:833.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Supply Phase</b></p>
+<p style="top:833.4pt;left:642.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>1.4, 7.0</b></p>
+<p style="top:845.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Treachery</b></p>
+<p style="top:845.9pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>6.9</b></p>
+<p style="top:858.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Usurpation</b></p>
+<p style="top:858.4pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>8.2</b></p>
+<p style="top:870.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Victory</b></p>
+<p style="top:870.9pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>9.0</b></p>
+<p style="top:883.4pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Wales</b></p>
+<p style="top:883.4pt;left:665.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>2.6</b></p>
+<p style="top:895.9pt;left:517.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Warwick</b></p>
+<p style="top:895.9pt;left:586.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>3.13, 6.83, 6.9, 8.3</b></p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Copyright &#xa9; 2009 Columbia Games and Jerry Taylor</b></p>
+<p style="top:929.8pt;left:380.0pt;font-size:14.6pt"><b>8</b><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:633.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Version 1.02</b></p>
+</div>
+<div id="page9" style="width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt;background-image:url('rules09.jpg')">
+<p style="top:57.5pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:24.6pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">RICHARD III </span></b></p>
+<p style="top:57.5pt;left:628.8pt;font-size:24.6pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">1470</span></b></p>
+<p style="top:99.8pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:17.0pt"><b>KINGMAKER (1470)</b></p>
+<p style="top:121.9pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Victory:  </b>eliminate all enemy heirs for an</p>
+<p style="top:135.4pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">instant victory. Otherwise, whoever is king</p>
+<p style="top:148.9pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt">after <i>Usurpation</i> wins the scenario.</p>
+<p style="top:183.4pt;left:60.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>YORK</b></p>
+<p style="top:196.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>King Edward IV (March)</b>: <i>Middlesex</i></p>
+<p style="top:210.4pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Gloucester:</b> <i>South Yorks</i></p>
+<p style="top:223.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Buckingham:</b> <i>Warwick</i></p>
+<p style="top:237.4pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Norfolk: </b><i>East Anglia</i></p>
+<p style="top:250.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Suffolk:</b> <i>East Anglia</i></p>
+<p style="top:264.4pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Arundel: </b><i>Sussex</i></p>
+<p style="top:277.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Essex: </b><i>Essex</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:291.4pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Lord Hastings:</b> <i>Leicester</i></p>
+<p style="top:304.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl Rivers:</b> <i>Leicester</i></p>
+<p style="top:318.4pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Lord Stanley:</b> <i>Lancaster</i></p>
+<p style="top:331.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Mercenary Irish: </b><i>Ireland</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:345.4pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Mercenary Calais: </b><i>Calais</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:358.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Mercenary Burgundian: </b><i>Calais</i></p>
+<p style="top:385.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Northumberland: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:399.4pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Westmoreland: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:412.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Canterbury (church): </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:426.4pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Bombard: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:439.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levy (London): </b><i>Pool</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:453.4pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levy (Norwich): </b><i>Pool</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:466.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levy (Salisbury): </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:493.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Warwick: </b><i>enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:507.4pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Clarence: </b><i>enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:520.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Shrewsbury: </b><i>enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:534.4pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>York (church): </b><i>enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:547.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Exeter: </b><i>enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:574.9pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Unlisted </i></b><i>blocks have been permanently</i></p>
+<p style="top:588.4pt;left:66.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>eliminated.</i></p>
+<p style="top:101.1pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>LANCASTER</b></p>
+<p style="top:114.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Henry VI: </b>Middlesex (prisoner)</p>
+<p style="top:128.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Prince Edward: </b><i>France</i></p>
+<p style="top:141.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Exeter: </b><i>France</i></p>
+<p style="top:155.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Warwick: </b><i>France</i></p>
+<p style="top:168.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Clarence: </b><i>France</i></p>
+<p style="top:182.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Oxford: </b><i>France</i></p>
+<p style="top:195.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Mercenary French: </b><i>France</i></p>
+<p style="top:209.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Mercenary Scots: </b><i>Scotland</i></p>
+<p style="top:236.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Pembroke: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:249.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Shrewsbury: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:263.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>York (church): </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:276.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Mercenary Welsh: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:290.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Bombard: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:303.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levy (Bristol): </b><i>Pool</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:317.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levy (Coventry): </b><i>Pool</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:330.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levy (Newcastle): </b><i>Pool</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:344.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levy (York): </b><i>Pool</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:357.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Rebel: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:384.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Richmond: </b>(minor)</p>
+<p style="top:411.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Buckingham:</b> <i>enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:425.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Northumberland: </b><i>enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:438.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl Rivers:</b> <i>enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:452.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Westmoreland: </b><i>enemy</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:465.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Lord Stanley:</b> <i>enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:479.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Canterbury (church): </b><i>enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:506.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Unlisted </i></b><i>blocks have been permanently</i></p>
+<p style="top:519.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>eliminated.</i></p>
+<p style="top:536.9pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i> </i></b></p>
+<p style="top:550.4pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>NOTE: </i></b><i>Henry VI is a prisoner of Edward</i></p>
+<p style="top:563.9pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>IV in the Tower of London, even if no York</i></p>
+<p style="top:577.4pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>blocks are located in the Middlesex area.</i></p>
+<p style="top:590.9pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Deploy the block face-up &#x2013; it cannot move</i></p>
+<p style="top:604.4pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>or engage in combat, but </i><b><i>does</i></b><i> count as</i></p>
+<p style="top:617.9pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>a Lancastrian noble for Usurpation. If a</i></p>
+<p style="top:631.4pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Lancastrian block occupies London, Henry</i></p>
+<p style="top:644.9pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>VI is rescued, becomes the Pretender, and</i></p>
+<p style="top:658.4pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>can then move and fight normally. If the</i></p>
+<p style="top:671.9pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Yorkists win this scenario, and Henry VI is</i></p>
+<p style="top:685.4pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>still a prisoner, he is murdered (eliminated).</i></p>
+<p style="top:101.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>The Campaign</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:114.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>The Earl of Warwick defects to the</i></p>
+<p style="top:128.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Lancastrian side after a botched 1469 revolt.</i></p>
+<p style="top:141.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>He flees to France and plots with Margaret</i></p>
+<p style="top:155.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>of Anjou to recover the throne for Henry VI.</i></p>
+<p style="top:168.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Warwick invades and Edward IV is obliged</i></p>
+<p style="top:182.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>to flee into exile. But with the support of</i></p>
+<p style="top:195.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Burgundy, Edward returns to England and</i></p>
+<p style="top:209.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Warwick is killed at the Battle of Barnet. A</i></p>
+<p style="top:222.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>few weeks later, Prince Edward is defeated</i></p>
+<p style="top:236.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>and killed at Tewkesbury in Gloucester. Henry</i></p>
+<p style="top:249.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>VI, a prisoner, is murdered, which makes the</i></p>
+<p style="top:263.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>House of York secure until the untimely death</i></p>
+<p style="top:276.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>of Edward IV in 1483.</i></p>
+<p style="top:313.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Henry VI 1421-1422-1471</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:326.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Son of the great Henry V, Henry VI came</i></p>
+<p style="top:340.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>to the throne as an infant and England was</i></p>
+<p style="top:353.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>ruled by a Regency until he came of age in</i></p>
+<p style="top:367.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>1437. He proved to be a sickly, weak king,</i></p>
+<p style="top:380.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>dominated by his wife Margaret of Anjou and</i></p>
+<p style="top:394.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>prominent nobles like the Duke of Somerset.</i></p>
+<p style="top:407.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Court intrigue led to opposition from the</i></p>
+<p style="top:421.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>powerful Duke of York, who eventually</i></p>
+<p style="top:434.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>rebelled to seek the throne. Henry was</i></p>
+<p style="top:448.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>captured after the Battle of Towton in 1461.</i></p>
+<p style="top:461.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>A prisoner of Edward IV for almost ten years,</i></p>
+<p style="top:475.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Henry regained the throne for six months</i></p>
+<p style="top:488.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>over the winter of 1470/71 after Warwick the</i></p>
+<p style="top:502.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Kingmaker rebelled. Lancastrian defeats at</i></p>
+<p style="top:515.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Barnet and Tewkesbury ended that rebellion</i></p>
+<p style="top:529.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>with Warwick and Prince Edward slain in</i></p>
+<p style="top:542.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>battle, and Henry VI murdered in the Tower</i></p>
+<p style="top:556.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>of London.</i></p>
+<p style="top:575.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Edward IV 1442-1461-1483</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:589.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>One of England&apos;s best military commanders,</i></p>
+<p style="top:602.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Edward never lost a battle and won several</i></p>
+<p style="top:616.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>with bold and decisive strategy and tactics.</i></p>
+<p style="top:629.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>He became head of the House of York after</i></p>
+<p style="top:643.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>his father&apos;s death at the Battle of Wakefield in</i></p>
+<p style="top:656.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>1460. With the support of the Archbishop of</i></p>
+<p style="top:670.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Canterbury and other prominent churchmen,</i></p>
+<p style="top:683.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Edward seized the crown and then defeated</i></p>
+<p style="top:697.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>the Lancastrians at the Battle of Towton in</i></p>
+<p style="top:710.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>1461. His 22 year reign was briefly interrupted</i></p>
+<p style="top:724.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>by a six month return to the throne by Henry</i></p>
+<p style="top:737.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>VI in 1471 after Warwick the Kingmaker</i></p>
+<p style="top:751.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>changed sides. Edward was a competent</i></p>
+<p style="top:764.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>administrator, but his reputation suffered from</i></p>
+<p style="top:778.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>later hedonistic conduct. He died suddenly</i></p>
+<p style="top:791.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>at age 41 leaving two young heirs who were</i></p>
+<p style="top:805.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>probably murdered in the Tower of London.</i></p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Copyright &#xa9; 2009 Columbia Games and Jerry Taylor</b></p>
+<p style="top:929.8pt;left:380.0pt;font-size:14.6pt"><b>9</b><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:638.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Version 1.0</b></p>
+</div>
+<div id="page10" style="width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt;background-image:url('rules10.jpg')">
+<p style="top:57.5pt;left:68.8pt;font-size:24.6pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">RICHARD III </span></b></p>
+<p style="top:57.5pt;left:628.8pt;font-size:24.6pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">1483</span></b></p>
+<p style="top:101.0pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:17.0pt"><b>RICHARD III (1483)</b></p>
+<p style="top:123.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Victory: </b> a player must eliminate the</p>
+<p style="top:136.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">sole enemy heir for an instant victory.</p>
+<p style="top:150.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">Otherwise, whoever is king after <i>Usurpation</i></p>
+<p style="top:163.6pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt">wins the scenario.</p>
+<p style="top:198.1pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>YORK</b></p>
+<p style="top:211.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>King Richard III: </b><i>Middlesex</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:225.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Norfolk: </b><i>East Anglia</i></p>
+<p style="top:238.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Suffolk:</b> <i>East Anglia</i></p>
+<p style="top:252.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Arundel: </b><i>Sussex</i></p>
+<p style="top:265.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Essex: </b><i>Essex</i></p>
+<p style="top:279.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Northumberland: </b><i>Northumbria</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:292.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Lord Stanley: </b><i>Lancaster</i></p>
+<p style="top:306.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Mercenary Irish: </b><i>Ireland</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:319.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Mercenary Calais: </b><i>Calais</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:333.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Mercenary Burgundian: </b><i>Calais</i></p>
+<p style="top:360.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Westmoreland: </b><i>Pool</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:373.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Canterbury (church): </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:387.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>York (church): </b><i>Pool</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:400.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Bombard: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:414.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levy (London): </b><i>Pool</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:427.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levy (Norwich): </b><i>Pool</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:441.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levy (Salisbury): </b><i>Pool</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:468.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Buckingham: </b><i>enemy</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:481.6pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Shrewsbury: </b><i>enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:495.1pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl Rivers: </b><i>enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:525.9pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Unlisted </i></b><i>blocks have been permanently</i></p>
+<p style="top:539.4pt;left:67.5pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>eliminated.</i></p>
+<p style="top:101.1pt;left:278.8pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>LANCASTER</b></p>
+<p style="top:114.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Richmond:</b><i> France</i></p>
+<p style="top:128.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Oxford: </b><i>France</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:141.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Pembroke: </b><i>France</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:155.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Mercenary French: </b><i>France</i></p>
+<p style="top:168.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Mercenary Scots: </b><i>Scotland</i></p>
+<p style="top:182.1pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Duke of Buckingham: </b><i>Glamorgan</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:195.6pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl Rivers: </b><i>Leicester</i></p>
+<p style="top:226.4pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Shrewsbury: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:239.9pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Mercenary Welsh: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:253.4pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Bombard: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:266.9pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levy (Bristol): </b><i>Pool</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:280.4pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levy (Coventry): </b><i>Pool</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:293.9pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levy (Newcastle): </b><i>Pool</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:307.4pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Levy (York): </b><i>Pool</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:320.9pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Rebel: </b><i>Pool</i></p>
+<p style="top:347.9pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Northumberland: </b><i>enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:361.4pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Earl of Westmoreland: </b><i>enemy</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:374.9pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Lord Stanley:</b> <i>enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:388.4pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Canterbury (church): </b><i>enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:401.9pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>York (church): </b><i>enemy</i><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:442.4pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Unlisted </i></b><i>blocks have been permanently</i></p>
+<p style="top:455.9pt;left:285.0pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>eliminated.</i></p>
+<p style="top:101.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>The Campaign</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:114.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Richard Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester and</i></p>
+<p style="top:128.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>young brother of Edward IV, was named</i></p>
+<p style="top:141.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>regent in the king&apos;s will.</i></p>
+<p style="top:158.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Richard quickly discovered that the widowed</i></p>
+<p style="top:172.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>queen (and her Woodville family) sought to</i></p>
+<p style="top:185.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>retain power by controlling the two heirs. He</i></p>
+<p style="top:199.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>seizes the heirs and, encouraged by the Duke</i></p>
+<p style="top:212.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>of Buckingham, takes the throne as Richard</i></p>
+<p style="top:226.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>III after persuading Parliament to declare the</i></p>
+<p style="top:239.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>two princes to be bastards.</i></p>
+<p style="top:257.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>The Duke of Buckingham now rebels and</i></p>
+<p style="top:270.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>supports the Lancastrian Duke of Richmond</i></p>
+<p style="top:284.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>(Henry Tudor) exiled in Brittany. His revolt</i></p>
+<p style="top:297.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>in Wales fails and the duke is betrayed and</i></p>
+<p style="top:311.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>quickly executed. Popular support for Richard</i></p>
+<p style="top:324.5pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>III plummets when murder of the two heirs is</i></p>
+<p style="top:338.0pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>suspected, although never proven.</i></p>
+<p style="top:355.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>After an aborted invasion in 1483, Richmond</i></p>
+<p style="top:368.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>lands in Wales in early August 1485. He</i></p>
+<p style="top:382.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>gathers modest support from the Welsh, until</i></p>
+<p style="top:395.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Lord Stanley (his father-in-law) defects to his</i></p>
+<p style="top:409.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>side. Richard III gathers an army in Derby to</i></p>
+<p style="top:422.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>meet the invader. At the Battle of Bosworth</i></p>
+<p style="top:436.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Field, the king is betrayed by the Earl of</i></p>
+<p style="top:449.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Northumberland and dies charging the enemy</i></p>
+<p style="top:463.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>position. Richmond wins the crown as Henry</i></p>
+<p style="top:476.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>VII.</i></p>
+<p style="top:496.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Richard III 1452-1483-1485</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:509.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Some scholars argue that Richard III is a</i></p>
+<p style="top:523.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>victim of Tudor propaganda. He was an</i></p>
+<p style="top:536.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>effective and loyal military commander for</i></p>
+<p style="top:550.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Edward IV, and a hugely popular lord of the</i></p>
+<p style="top:563.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>north for many years. He was named by the</i></p>
+<p style="top:577.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>dying king Edward IV as regent. It is difficult</i></p>
+<p style="top:590.6pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>to reconcile these historical facts with the evil</i></p>
+<p style="top:604.1pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>hunchback depicted by Shakespeare.</i></p>
+<p style="top:621.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>The infamous murder of the two princes in</i></p>
+<p style="top:634.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>the Tower of London probably happened,</i></p>
+<p style="top:648.4pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>but was more likely ordered by the Duke of</i></p>
+<p style="top:661.9pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Buckingham, or even by Henry VII.</i></p>
+<p style="top:681.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b><i>Henry VII 1457-1485-1509</i></b></p>
+<p style="top:694.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Henry was the Welsh born son of Edmund</i></p>
+<p style="top:708.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Tudor and Margaret Beaufort. He spent most</i></p>
+<p style="top:721.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>of his early life in captivity or exile, but got</i></p>
+<p style="top:735.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>support for the throne as the last surviving</i></p>
+<p style="top:748.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Lancastrian after Richard III&apos;s unsavory</i></p>
+<p style="top:762.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>usurpation. He defeated Richard III at the</i></p>
+<p style="top:775.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485 and founded</i></p>
+<p style="top:789.3pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>the House of Tudor. He was succeeded by his</i></p>
+<p style="top:802.8pt;left:506.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><i>son Henry VIII.</i></p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:61.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Copyright &#xa9; 2009 Columbia Games and Jerry Taylor</b></p>
+<p style="top:929.8pt;left:372.5pt;font-size:14.6pt"><b>10</b><b></b></p>
+<p style="top:932.8pt;left:631.3pt;font-size:11.0pt"><b>Version 1.0</b></p>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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author	Tor Andersson <tor@ccxvii.net>	2022-11-04 14:43:54 +0100
committer	Tor Andersson <tor@ccxvii.net>	2022-11-16 19:12:55 +0100
commit	7c181921cd972cf1e18a5bef56c7aa8af6d4b7b5 (patch)
tree	5398e6e545ea0ebc1217d60ee063c06156e164c9
parent	d40a0267cd9814d2691001ecbbff8e6e67e8bc10 (diff)
download	richard-iii-7c181921cd972cf1e18a5bef56c7aa8af6d4b7b5.tar.gz