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| author | Tor Andersson <tor@ccxvii.net> | 2023-02-20 14:44:33 +0100 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Tor Andersson <tor@ccxvii.net> | 2023-03-24 14:03:50 +0100 |
| commit | de8b30846f6cbe6024574552c2a5fb3c99364965 (patch) | |
| tree | 44cfc8574fab5cbb9305ebf5595c9c2624a06fd9 /info | |
| parent | 093ce50ddcb68fe8b5ffbf7f100108bd93b86d76 (diff) | |
| download | andean-abyss-de8b30846f6cbe6024574552c2a5fb3c99364965.tar.gz | |
Rendered rulebook and playbook.
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diff --git a/info/playbook-all.html b/info/playbook-all.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..43c7929 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/playbook-all.html @@ -0,0 +1,4108 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html> +<head> +<title>Andean Abyss - Playbook</title> +<style> +body{background-color:slategray} +div{position:relative;background-color:white;margin:1em auto;box-shadow:1px 1px 8px -2px black} +p{position:absolute;white-space:pre;margin:0} +p{font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif;line-height:1em;font-size:11.9pt} +</style> +</head> +<body> + +<div id="page1" style="background-image:url('playbook1.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:663.8pt;left:169.2pt;font-size:52.5pt">P L A Y B O O K</p> +<p style="top:257.8pt;left:63.7pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>COIN Series, </b></p> +<p style="top:275.8pt;left:74.5pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Volume I</b></p> +<p style="top:311.8pt;left:94.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>by</b></p> +<p style="top:329.8pt;left:58.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Volko Ruhnke</b></p> +<p style="top:145.5pt;left:86.6pt;font-size:22.5pt"><b>Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Colombia</b></p> + +<p style="top:745.4pt;left:290.0pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S</b></p> +<p style="top:768.8pt;left:87.1pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page">Tutorial</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2</p> +<p style="top:788.5pt;left:87.1pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page15">Guide to COIN Operations</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15</p> +<p style="top:808.2pt;left:87.1pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page16">Role Summaries</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16</p> +<p style="top:827.9pt;left:87.1pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page25">1-Player Example of Play</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17</p> +<p style="top:847.6pt;left:87.1pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page25">Non-Player FARC March Example </a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25</p> +<p style="top:867.3pt;left:87.1pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page26">What if a Non-Player Cannot Op?</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26</p> +<p style="top:887.0pt;left:87.1pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page27">Design Notes</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27</p> +<p style="top:768.8pt;left:393.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page33">Event Text and Background</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33</p> +<p style="top:788.5pt;left:393.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page41">Selected Sources</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41</p> +<p style="top:808.2pt;left:393.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page42">Counter Scan</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42</p> +<p style="top:827.9pt;left:393.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page43">Card List</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43</p> +<p style="top:847.6pt;left:393.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page43">Credits</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43</p> +<p style="top:867.3pt;left:393.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page44">Spaces List</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44</p> + +<p style="top:933.2pt;left:161.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">© 2012 GMT Games, LLC • P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 • www.GMTGames.com</p> +</div> + +<div id="page2" style="background-image:url('playbook2.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>2</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:140.4pt;left:56.2pt">Welcome to <i>ANDEAN ABYSS!</i> Because this game employs some </p> +<p style="top:154.2pt;left:56.2pt">innovative new game mechanics, we thought it would be easiest to </p> +<p style="top:167.9pt;left:56.2pt">learn if we included an interactive tutorial to teach new players how </p> +<p style="top:181.7pt;left:56.2pt">to play the game with a minimal amount of fuss. In this interactive </p> +<p style="top:195.4pt;left:56.2pt">tutorial we will use a more conversational style of writing. Occasion-</p> +<p style="top:209.2pt;left:56.2pt">ally we will ask the reader to read certain rules from the rulebook </p> +<p style="top:222.9pt;left:56.2pt">before continuing the tutorial. </p> +<p style="top:245.7pt;left:56.2pt">The first thing you will need to do if you haven’t already is unfold </p> +<p style="top:259.4pt;left:56.2pt">the game’s mapboard. Place it on a clean surface, making sure to </p> +<p style="top:273.2pt;left:56.2pt">have ample space around the perimeter of the board so as to have </p> +<p style="top:286.9pt;left:56.2pt">room for game pieces. (Three to five inches of room should suffice </p> +<p style="top:300.7pt;left:56.2pt">nicely.)</p> +<p style="top:323.4pt;left:56.2pt">Next, punch out all the game’s cardboard pieces (we call them </p> +<p style="top:337.2pt;left:56.2pt">“counters”) and sort them by type. Place them within easy reach </p> +<p style="top:350.9pt;left:56.2pt">because we’re going to set up the game shortly. </p> +<p style="top:373.7pt;left:56.2pt">Now sort the wooden pieces by color and shape. Place them in sorted </p> +<p style="top:387.4pt;left:56.2pt">piles near the mapboard. We’ll put them on the mapboard shortly.</p> +<p style="top:410.2pt;left:56.2pt">Finally, unwrap the game’s playing cards. There are basically two </p> +<p style="top:423.9pt;left:56.2pt">different type of cards in the game: Event Cards (the vast majority) </p> +<p style="top:437.7pt;left:56.2pt">and Propaganda Cards (there are four of these). Put the four Pro-</p> +<p style="top:451.4pt;left:56.2pt">paganda Cards in one pile, and all the Event Cards in another pile. </p> +<p style="top:465.2pt;left:56.2pt">We will construct the game’s deck in just a moment. </p> +<p style="top:487.9pt;left:69.8pt"><b><i>STOP.</i></b><i> Please pause just a moment and read section 1.1 </i></p> +<p style="top:501.7pt;left:69.8pt"><i>through section 1.3.4 of the rulebook. When you’re finished, </i></p> +<p style="top:515.4pt;left:69.8pt"><i>we’ll begin setting up the game.</i></p> +<p style="top:538.2pt;left:56.2pt">All done? Great! You should now have a decent understanding of </p> +<p style="top:551.9pt;left:56.2pt">the game’s map. With this knowledge in hand, let’s begin setting </p> +<p style="top:565.7pt;left:56.2pt">up the game:</p> +<p style="top:588.4pt;left:56.2pt">• Place the “Aid” counter on the “9” space of the General Records </p> +<p style="top:602.2pt;left:67.5pt">Track that runs around the perimeter of the gameboard. </p> +<p style="top:619.5pt;left:56.3pt">• Place the Government Resources cylinder (large blue cylinder) </p> +<p style="top:633.3pt;left:67.5pt">on the “40” space; and the the FARC, AUC, and Cartel Resources </p> +<p style="top:647.0pt;left:67.5pt">cylinders (large red, yellow, and green respectively) on the “10” </p> +<p style="top:660.8pt;left:67.5pt">space.</p> +<p style="top:678.1pt;left:56.3pt">• Place the “Total Support” counter on the “50” space.</p> +<p style="top:695.5pt;left:56.3pt">• Place the “Opposition + Bases” counter on the “20” space.</p> +<p style="top:712.8pt;left:56.3pt">• Place the “El Presidente” counter on the “Samper” box of the “El </p> +<p style="top:726.6pt;left:67.5pt">Presidente” display on the map.</p> +<p style="top:743.9pt;left:56.3pt">• Place the remaining four large cylinders (Eligibility cylinders) </p> +<p style="top:757.7pt;left:67.5pt">into the “Eligible” box on the “Sequence of Play” display.</p> +<p style="top:775.0pt;left:56.3pt">• Collect 2 “Active Support” counters and place one into the </p> +<p style="top:788.8pt;left:67.5pt">“Neutral” boxes inside the departments of Atlántico and Santander </p> +<p style="top:802.5pt;left:67.5pt">on the map.</p> +<p style="top:819.9pt;left:56.3pt">• Collect 10 more “Active Support” counters and place one into </p> +<p style="top:833.6pt;left:67.5pt">each city <i>except Cali. </i>(Cali begins Neutral.)</p> +<p style="top:851.0pt;left:56.3pt">• Collect 7 “Active Opposition” counters and place one into the </p> +<p style="top:864.7pt;left:67.5pt">“Neutral” boxes inside the departments of Chocó, Arauca, Meta </p> +<p style="top:878.5pt;left:67.5pt">East, Meta West, Guaviare, Putumayo, and Nariño.</p> +<p style="top:901.2pt;left:56.2pt">Ok, we’re off to a great start! The next thing we need to do is put </p> +<p style="top:915.0pt;left:56.2pt">the forces of the four factions onto the map.</p> +<p style="top:140.4pt;left:407.2pt"><b><i>STOP. </i></b><i>Please pause just a moment and read section 1.4 </i></p> +<p style="top:154.2pt;left:407.2pt"><i>through section 1.4.3 of the rulebook. When you’re finished </i></p> +<p style="top:167.9pt;left:407.2pt"><i>we’ll continue setting up the game.</i></p> +<p style="top:190.7pt;left:393.8pt">Now that you’ve read about the different forces available to the </p> +<p style="top:204.4pt;left:393.8pt">players, we can begin putting those pieces on the map. But first, we </p> +<p style="top:218.2pt;left:393.8pt">should do an inventory of the wooden pieces you sorted earlier. It’s </p> +<p style="top:231.9pt;left:393.8pt">likely that you will have one or two extra pieces so let’s find those </p> +<p style="top:245.7pt;left:393.8pt">and get those out of the way first. Your game should have:</p> +<p style="top:268.4pt;left:393.8pt">• 30 dark blue cubes</p> +<p style="top:282.2pt;left:393.8pt">• 30 light blue cubes</p> +<p style="top:295.9pt;left:393.8pt">• 3 dark blue discs</p> +<p style="top:309.7pt;left:393.8pt">• 12 green octagonal cylinders</p> +<p style="top:323.4pt;left:393.8pt">• 15 green discs</p> +<p style="top:337.2pt;left:393.8pt">• 18 yellow octagonal cylinders</p> +<p style="top:350.9pt;left:393.8pt">• 6 yellow discs</p> +<p style="top:364.7pt;left:393.8pt">• 30 red octagonal cylinders</p> +<p style="top:378.4pt;left:393.8pt">• 9 red discs</p> +<p style="top:401.2pt;left:393.8pt">Place any extra blue, green, yellow, and/or red wooden pieces into </p> +<p style="top:414.9pt;left:393.8pt">the box; they are extra pieces. (But don’t throw these away! These </p> +<p style="top:428.7pt;left:393.8pt">extra bits may come in handy if you accidentally lose a piece.)</p> +<p style="top:451.4pt;left:393.8pt">Ok, now that any extra bits have been removed from the mix, let’s be-</p> +<p style="top:465.2pt;left:393.8pt">gin the setup (note that all Guerrillas start embossed side down):</p> +<p style="top:484.5pt;left:393.8pt">• Collect a total of 12 dark blue cubes, which you now know as </p> +<p style="top:498.3pt;left:405.0pt">“Troops.” Place 3 Troops in each of Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, and </p> +<p style="top:512.0pt;left:405.0pt">Santander.</p> +<p style="top:529.4pt;left:393.8pt">• Now collect 2 light blue cubes—Police: place both in the city of </p> +<p style="top:543.1pt;left:405.0pt">Bogotá.</p> +<p style="top:560.5pt;left:393.8pt">• Collect 10 more Police and place one in each of the remaining </p> +<p style="top:574.2pt;left:405.0pt">Cities which do not already have Police.</p> +<p style="top:591.6pt;left:393.8pt">• Collect a single dark blue disc—a Government Base. Place it into </p> +<p style="top:605.3pt;left:405.0pt">one of the “base” spaces in the department of Santander.</p> +<p style="top:622.7pt;left:393.8pt">• Place all remaining cubes (18 Police AND 18 Troops) into the </p> +<p style="top:636.4pt;left:405.0pt">“Government Troops & Police” display.</p> +<p style="top:653.8pt;left:393.8pt">• Place the two remaining Government Bases into the “3” and “2” </p> +<p style="top:667.5pt;left:405.0pt">circular spaces of the Government Bases track.</p> +<p style="top:684.9pt;left:393.8pt">• Collect 12 red cylinders—FARC Guerrillas. Place one into each </p> +<p style="top:698.6pt;left:405.0pt">of Nariño, Chocó, Santander, Huila, Arauca, and Meta East; place </p> +<p style="top:712.4pt;left:405.0pt">two into each of Meta West, Guaviare, and Putumayo.</p> +<p style="top:729.7pt;left:393.8pt">• Place the remaining 18 FARC Guerrillas into the “FARC </p> +<p style="top:743.5pt;left:405.0pt">Guerrillas” box on the map.</p> +<p style="top:760.8pt;left:393.8pt">• Collect 6 red discs—FARC Bases. Place one into a “base” space </p> +<p style="top:774.6pt;left:405.0pt">in each of the departments of Chocó, Huila, Arauca, Meta East, </p> +<p style="top:788.3pt;left:405.0pt">Meta West, and Guaviare.</p> +<p style="top:805.7pt;left:393.8pt">• Place the remaining 3 FARC Bases into the “7”, “8”, and “9” </p> +<p style="top:819.4pt;left:405.0pt">circular spaces of the FARC Bases track.</p> +<p style="top:836.8pt;left:393.8pt">• Now collect 6 yellow cylinders—AUC Guerrillas. Place one into </p> +<p style="top:850.5pt;left:405.0pt">each of Atlántico, Antioquia, Santander, Arauca, Guaviare, and </p> +<p style="top:864.3pt;left:405.0pt">Putumayo.</p> +<p style="top:881.6pt;left:393.8pt">• Place the remaining 12 AUC Guerrillas into the “AUC Guerrillas” </p> +<p style="top:895.4pt;left:405.0pt">box on the map.</p> +<p style="top:912.7pt;left:393.8pt">• Collect 1 yellow disc—an AUC Base. Place it into a “base” space </p> +<p style="top:71.0pt;left:282.0pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">Andean Abyss Tutorial</span></b></p> +<p style="top:100.4pt;left:347.6pt"><i>by Joel Toppen</i></p> +<p style="top:114.2pt;left:264.1pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>First-time players should start here!</b></p> +</div> + +<div id="page3" style="background-image:url('playbook3.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:702.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>3</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:67.5pt">in the department of Antioquia. </p> +<p style="top:84.3pt;left:56.3pt">• Place the remaining 5 AUC Bases into the “6”, “5”, “4”, “3”, and </p> +<p style="top:98.0pt;left:67.5pt">“2” circular spaces of the AUC Bases track.</p> +<p style="top:115.4pt;left:56.3pt">• Next, collect 2 green cylinders—Cartel Guerrillas. Place one into </p> +<p style="top:129.1pt;left:67.5pt">each of Cali and Putumayo.</p> +<p style="top:146.5pt;left:56.3pt">• Place the remaining 10 Cartel Guerrillas into the “Cartel </p> +<p style="top:160.2pt;left:67.5pt">Guerrillas” box on the map.</p> +<p style="top:177.6pt;left:56.3pt">• Now collect 6 green discs—Cartel Bases. Place one into Cali; </p> +<p style="top:191.3pt;left:67.5pt">place one into the empty “base” space in each of Meta East, Meta </p> +<p style="top:205.1pt;left:67.5pt">West, and Guaviare. Place 2 Cartel Bases into the “base” spaces </p> +<p style="top:218.8pt;left:67.5pt">of Putumayo. </p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:56.3pt">• Place the remaining 9 Cartel Bases into the “7”, “8”, “9”, “10”, </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:67.5pt">“11”, “12”, “13”, “14”, and “15” circular spaces of the Cartel </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:67.5pt">Bases track.</p> +<p style="top:281.0pt;left:56.3pt">• Finally, place the four circular “Shipment” counters into the empty </p> +<p style="top:294.8pt;left:67.5pt">spaces available for them in the “Shipments” box.</p> +<p style="top:317.5pt;left:69.8pt"><b><i>Important:</i></b><i> Deck construction instructions are found in the </i></p> +<p style="top:331.3pt;left:69.8pt"><i>rulebook. For the purposes of this tutorial, however, we will </i></p> +<p style="top:345.0pt;left:69.8pt"><i>be creating a special, stacked deck. </i></p> +<p style="top:367.8pt;left:56.2pt">Well done! The map is now set up. One last thing needs to be done: </p> +<p style="top:381.5pt;left:56.2pt">we need to construct the deck. Place 3 Propaganda Cards face down </p> +<p style="top:395.3pt;left:56.2pt">in a row from left to right.</p> +<p style="top:418.0pt;left:56.2pt">Now remove the following Event Cards and set them aside: #1<i> 1st </i></p> +<p style="top:431.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Division, </i>#12<i> Plan Colombia, </i>#19<i> General Offensive, </i>#21<i> Raúl </i></p> +<p style="top:445.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Reyes, </i>#26<i> Gramaje, </i>#28<i> Hugo Chávez, </i>#29<i> Kill Zone, </i>#44<i> Co-</i></p> +<p style="top:459.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>lombia Nueva, </i>#45<i> Los Derechos Humanos, </i>#48<i> Unión Sindical </i></p> +<p style="top:473.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Obrera, #50 Carabineros, </i>#68<i> Narco-Subs, </i>#72<i> Sicarios, </i>and<i> </i>#76<i> </i></p> +<p style="top:486.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Propaganda.</i></p> +<p style="top:509.5pt;left:56.2pt">Next, shuffle the remaining Event cards together. Deal 15 Event </p> +<p style="top:523.3pt;left:56.2pt">Cards on top of each of the 3 Propaganda cards so that three stacks </p> +<p style="top:537.0pt;left:56.2pt">of 16 cards is created. Shuffle each stack separately, then place each </p> +<p style="top:550.8pt;left:56.2pt">stack on top of one another, creating a single deck.</p> +<p style="top:573.5pt;left:56.2pt">Now draw two more Event cards and place them face-down on top </p> +<p style="top:587.3pt;left:56.2pt">of the deck. Finally, place the cards we set aside earlier face down </p> +<p style="top:601.0pt;left:56.2pt">on top of the deck. Place them in this EXACT order (from bottom </p> +<p style="top:614.8pt;left:56.2pt">to top): #21<i>, </i>45<i>, </i>76<i>, </i>44, 50<i>, </i>19<i>,</i> 26<i>, </i>72<i>,</i> 1<i>, </i>48<i>, </i>68<i>, </i>29<i>, </i>28<i>, </i>and<i> </i>12 </p> +<p style="top:628.5pt;left:56.2pt">(top-most card). Note that 12 cards are not used in each game. Place </p> +<p style="top:642.3pt;left:56.2pt">these unused cards back into the box.</p> +<p style="top:665.0pt;left:69.8pt"><b><i>STOP.</i></b><i> Please pause just a moment and read section 1.5 </i></p> +<p style="top:678.8pt;left:69.8pt"><i>through section 1.7 of the rulebook. We’ll start playing </i></p> +<p style="top:692.5pt;left:69.8pt"><i>when you’re done!</i></p> +<p style="top:717.5pt;left:69.8pt"><b><i>Tip:</i></b><i> For your first competitive game, we recommend you </i></p> +<p style="top:731.3pt;left:69.8pt"><i>only reveal the card being resolved. Being able to see one </i></p> +<p style="top:745.0pt;left:69.8pt"><i>card into the future may produce “analysis paralysis” in new </i></p> +<p style="top:758.8pt;left:69.8pt"><i>players and slow gameplay down.</i></p> +<p style="top:783.8pt;left:56.2pt">The one thing that makes <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> a unique game is the </p> +<p style="top:797.5pt;left:56.2pt">role that cards play in the game. Cards will be played from the deck </p> +<p style="top:811.3pt;left:56.2pt">created at game start. Players do not maintain a “hand” of cards as </p> +<p style="top:825.0pt;left:56.2pt">in other card-driven games. Instead, cards are played from the top </p> +<p style="top:838.8pt;left:56.2pt">of the deck. Ordinarily, two cards are always visible to the players: </p> +<p style="top:852.5pt;left:56.2pt">the card being resolved, and the next card to be resolved. In other </p> +<p style="top:866.3pt;left:56.2pt">words, players get to look one card into the future.</p> +<p style="top:889.0pt;left:56.2pt">Go ahead and draw the topmost card from the deck: Card #12, <i>Plan </i></p> +<p style="top:902.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Colombia.</i> Place it face-up on a “played cards” pile near the game </p> +<p style="top:916.5pt;left:56.2pt">board. Next, reveal the topmost card on the deck but leave it on top </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">of the deck face-up: Card #28, <i>Hugo Chávez.</i></p> +<p style="top:89.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Plan Colombia</i> is the card </p> +<p style="top:103.4pt;left:393.8pt">to be resolved first. Knowl-</p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:393.8pt">edge of the upcoming <i>Hugo </i></p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Chavez</i> event may influence </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">the decisions players make.</p> +<p style="top:437.2pt;left:393.8pt">Each Event Card has four symbols across the top, one for each fac-</p> +<p style="top:450.9pt;left:393.8pt">tion in the game. The order of these symbols dictates which faction </p> +<p style="top:464.7pt;left:393.8pt">has initiative on that card.</p> +<p style="top:487.4pt;left:393.8pt">In order to be eligible to execute an Operation or carry out the card’s </p> +<p style="top:501.2pt;left:393.8pt">Event, a Faction must have its Eligibility cylinder in the “Eligible” </p> +<p style="top:514.9pt;left:393.8pt">box on the Sequence of Play display. Eligible factions may either </p> +<p style="top:528.7pt;left:393.8pt">play or pass. At this time, all four factions are eligible.</p> +<p style="top:551.4pt;left:393.8pt">To determine who get’s to choose first, look at the order of the eligi-</p> +<p style="top:565.2pt;left:393.8pt">bility symbols. The faction with the leftmost symbol gets to choose </p> +<p style="top:578.9pt;left:393.8pt">what to do first and becomes the 1st Eligible Faction. In the case of </p> +<p style="top:592.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Plan Colombia,</i> the Government player is the 1st Eligible Faction.</p> +<p style="top:615.4pt;left:393.8pt">The 1st Eligible Faction—the Government in this case—may do </p> +<p style="top:629.2pt;left:393.8pt">one of four things: (1) he may execute the card’s event; OR (2) he </p> +<p style="top:642.9pt;left:393.8pt">may conduct a single type of Operation without any supplemental </p> +<p style="top:656.7pt;left:393.8pt">Special Activity; OR (3) he may conduct a single type of Operation </p> +<p style="top:670.4pt;left:393.8pt">with a single Special Activity; OR (4) he may pass.</p> +<p style="top:693.2pt;left:393.8pt">If the 1st Eligible Faction chooses to Pass, he remains eligible to play </p> +<p style="top:706.9pt;left:393.8pt">on the next card; if he does anything other than pass, he becomes </p> +<p style="top:720.7pt;left:393.8pt">ineligible to play on the next card. The corollary of this is that a </p> +<p style="top:734.4pt;left:393.8pt">faction usually may only play on every other card.</p> +<p style="top:757.2pt;left:393.8pt">If the 1st Eligible Faction chooses to pass, then the faction who’s </p> +<p style="top:770.9pt;left:393.8pt">symbol is to the immediate right of his symbol on the card being </p> +<p style="top:784.7pt;left:393.8pt">resolved becomes the 1st Eligible Faction. In the case of <i>Plan </i></p> +<p style="top:798.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Colombia,</i> if the Government passes, the AUC would become 1st </p> +<p style="top:812.2pt;left:393.8pt">Eligible. It is possible that all factions could pass on a given card </p> +<p style="top:825.9pt;left:393.8pt">and thus remain eligible on the next card.</p> +<p style="top:848.7pt;left:407.2pt"><b><i>Hint: </i></b><i>Events in the unshaded portion of the card typically </i></p> +<p style="top:862.4pt;left:407.2pt"><i>are favorable to the Government; events in the shaded por-</i></p> +<p style="top:876.2pt;left:407.2pt"><i>tion are typically antagonistic to the Government.</i></p> +<p style="top:898.9pt;left:393.8pt">Here, however, the Government player decides to act. Some Event </p> +<p style="top:912.7pt;left:393.8pt">Cards have one event; others, like <i>Plan Colombia</i> have two ver-</p> +<p style="top:346.0pt;left:606.7pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Card to resolve</i></b></p> +<p style="top:368.5pt;left:619.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Next card</i></b></p> +</div> + +<div id="page4" style="background-image:url('playbook4.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>4</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">Support, one level in his favor. The Government player will spend </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">6 Resources total to shift Cali from Neutral to Passive Support, and </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">then from Passive Support to Active Support (3 Resources per shift). </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt">Adjust Government Resources from 40 to 34 on the General Records </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:393.8pt">Track and place an Active Support counter on Cali.</p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">Cali has a Population value of “3.” Since Cali is marked with Active </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:393.8pt">Support, Cali’s Population times two is added to the Government’s </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:393.8pt">Total Support. Adjust the “Total Support” counter by +6, from 50 </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:393.8pt">to 56.</p> +<p style="top:208.7pt;left:393.8pt">The Government player could supplement his Training Operation </p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:393.8pt">with either an Airstrike or Eradicate Special Activity. This, however, </p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:393.8pt">would enable the 2nd Eligible Faction to be allowed to execute one </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:393.8pt">of the events on <i>Plan Colombia.</i> Not willing to chance the AUC </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:393.8pt">player executing the event in the shaded portion (which would be </p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:393.8pt">most hurtful to the Government), the Government player chooses </p> +<p style="top:291.2pt;left:393.8pt">to only execute an Operation. </p> +<p style="top:313.9pt;left:393.8pt">We’ll finish the Government’s Operation by spending 3 Resources </p> +<p style="top:327.7pt;left:393.8pt">per space selected for Training (i.e. per space marked with a white </p> +<p style="top:341.4pt;left:393.8pt">pawn). Adjust the Government Resources from 34 to 28. Finally, </p> +<p style="top:355.2pt;left:393.8pt">place the blue Government Eligibility cylinder into the “1st Faction </p> +<p style="top:368.9pt;left:393.8pt">Op Only” box on the Sequence of Play display.</p> +<p style="top:391.7pt;left:407.2pt"><b><i>Hint:</i></b><i> Civic Actions may only be conducted during a Training </i></p> +<p style="top:405.4pt;left:407.2pt"><i>Operation or during the Resolution of a Propaganda Card.</i></p> +<p style="top:428.2pt;left:407.2pt"><b><i>STOP.</i></b><i> Please stop here and read section 3.0 through 3.2.1 </i></p> +<p style="top:441.9pt;left:407.2pt"><i>in order to reinforce your understanding of what we’ve </i></p> +<p style="top:455.7pt;left:407.2pt"><i>done so far.</i></p> +<p style="top:478.4pt;left:393.8pt">After the 1st Eligible Faction has acted, the next eligible faction </p> +<p style="top:492.2pt;left:393.8pt">becomes known as the 2nd Eligible Faction. Looking back at <i>Plan </i></p> +<p style="top:505.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Colombia,</i> we see that the AUC is the 2nd Eligible Faction. </p> +<p style="top:528.7pt;left:393.8pt">Just what the 2nd Eligible Faction may do is determined by what </p> +<p style="top:542.4pt;left:393.8pt">the 1st Eligible Faction did (see Sequence of Play display). Since </p> +<p style="top:556.2pt;left:393.8pt">the 1st Eligible Faction conducted an Operation Only (no Special </p> +<p style="top:569.9pt;left:393.8pt">Activity), the 2nd Eligible Faction may either execute a Limited </p> +<p style="top:583.7pt;left:393.8pt">Operation—a single Operation in ONE and only ONE space; OR </p> +<p style="top:597.4pt;left:393.8pt">he may pass.</p> +<p style="top:620.2pt;left:393.8pt">Passing does have its benefits. By choosing to Pass, the Govern-</p> +<p style="top:633.9pt;left:393.8pt">ment player will gain +3 Resources; Insurgent players will gain +1 </p> +<p style="top:647.7pt;left:393.8pt">Resource.</p> +<p style="top:670.4pt;left:393.8pt">Looking at the next card, <i>Hugo Chávez,</i> the AUC player feels </p> +<p style="top:684.2pt;left:393.8pt">confident that the FARC (1st Eligible on <i>Hugo</i>) will take the event. </p> +<p style="top:697.9pt;left:393.8pt">This would then give the AUC more freedom of action as the 2nd </p> +<p style="top:711.7pt;left:393.8pt">Eligible Faction on that card. And so with a smug look, the AUC </p> +<p style="top:725.4pt;left:393.8pt">chooses to Pass. Place the AUC Eligibility cylinder on the “Pass” </p> +<p style="top:739.2pt;left:393.8pt">box on the Sequence of Play display and adjust the AUC Resources </p> +<p style="top:752.9pt;left:393.8pt">from 10 to 11.</p> +<p style="top:868.9pt;left:517.5pt"><i><span style="color:#0000ff">INSERT ILLO</span></i></p> +<p style="top:891.7pt;left:407.2pt"><b><i>STOP.</i></b><i> Please stop here and read section 2.0 through 2.4.1. </i></p> +<p style="top:905.4pt;left:407.2pt"><i>This will give you an excellent understanding of the se-</i></p> +<p style="top:919.2pt;left:407.2pt"><i>quence of play.</i></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">sions of the event—called dual-use events. If a player executes an </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">Event, he must execute either one or the other, never both versions </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">of the event.</p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:56.2pt">The Government would like to execute the event, but at this time, </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:56.2pt">due to Samper being El Presidente, the effects of the event are not </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:56.2pt">as immediately helpful. Instead, the Government will conduct an </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:56.2pt">Operation.</p> +<p style="top:181.2pt;left:56.2pt">Operations do most of a player’s “heavy lifting” in the game. Opera-</p> +<p style="top:194.9pt;left:56.2pt">tions, however, are not free. They cost Resource Points. Furthermore, </p> +<p style="top:208.7pt;left:56.2pt">the player may only conduct ONE type of Operation; he may not </p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:56.2pt">mix two different Operations.</p> +<p style="top:245.2pt;left:56.2pt">Please take one of the Faction Operations Foldouts. Look at the </p> +<p style="top:258.9pt;left:56.2pt">panel for the Government player. As you can see by the left col-</p> +<p style="top:272.7pt;left:56.2pt">umn, he can do one of four things: (1) he can Train in order to get </p> +<p style="top:286.4pt;left:56.2pt">more cubes on the board; OR (2) he can Patrol in order to protect </p> +<p style="top:300.2pt;left:56.2pt">his Lines of Communication (hereafter known as LoCs)—vital to </p> +<p style="top:313.9pt;left:56.2pt">his Resource income; OR (3) he can conduct Sweeps in order to </p> +<p style="top:327.7pt;left:56.2pt">detect Guerrillas; OR (4) he can Assault in order to destroy detected </p> +<p style="top:341.4pt;left:56.2pt">(i.e. Active) Guerrillas. The Operation the active faction carries out </p> +<p style="top:355.2pt;left:56.2pt">dictates what Special Activities may accompany it (if eligible to </p> +<p style="top:368.9pt;left:56.2pt">conduct a Special Activity).</p> +<p style="top:391.7pt;left:56.2pt">The Government chooses to <b>Train.</b> This Action allows the Govern-</p> +<p style="top:405.4pt;left:56.2pt">ment player to select any Cities or Departments. Each selected City </p> +<p style="top:419.2pt;left:56.2pt">or Department will cost 3 Resources. In any City or in a Department </p> +<p style="top:432.9pt;left:56.2pt">with a Government Base the Government player may place up to </p> +<p style="top:446.7pt;left:56.2pt">6 cubes of any type. </p> +<p style="top:625.3pt;left:56.2pt">For now, the Government will select Cali and Bucaramanga. Place </p> +<p style="top:639.0pt;left:56.2pt">a white pawn in each location to mark these locations. In Cali, the </p> +<p style="top:652.8pt;left:56.2pt">Government player places 3 Police and 3 Troops. There are now </p> +<p style="top:666.5pt;left:56.2pt">6 Troops and 4 Police in Cali. In Bucaramanga, the Government </p> +<p style="top:680.3pt;left:56.2pt">places 4 Troops and 2 Police. </p> +<p style="top:703.0pt;left:56.2pt">As a part of the Training Operation, the Government may also pick </p> +<p style="top:716.8pt;left:56.2pt">one selected space (which has been marked with a pawn) and either </p> +<p style="top:730.5pt;left:56.2pt">remove 3 cubes from that space in order to place available Govern-</p> +<p style="top:744.3pt;left:56.2pt">ment Base into that space; OR he can choose to conduct something </p> +<p style="top:758.0pt;left:56.2pt">known as a Civic Action in that space.</p> +<p style="top:780.8pt;left:69.8pt"><b><i>Reminder:</i></b><i> Remember that there can only be 2 bases of any </i></p> +<p style="top:794.5pt;left:69.8pt"><i>combination of factions in ANY City/Department.</i></p> +<p style="top:819.5pt;left:56.2pt">In our case here, the Government will choose to do a Civic Action in </p> +<p style="top:833.3pt;left:56.2pt">Cali. A Civic Action has two requirements: the Government player </p> +<p style="top:847.0pt;left:56.2pt">must have more pieces in the space than any other combination of </p> +<p style="top:860.8pt;left:56.2pt">factions combined, and it must have both Troops and Police. In </p> +<p style="top:874.5pt;left:56.2pt">Cali, the Cartels have 2 pieces; the Government has 10, including </p> +<p style="top:888.3pt;left:56.2pt">both Troops and Police giving the Government Control and ability </p> +<p style="top:902.0pt;left:56.2pt">to conduct a Civic Action. Civic Actions allow the Government </p> +<p style="top:915.8pt;left:56.2pt">player to spend 3 Resources to shift the level of Opposition and/or </p> +<p style="top:768.0pt;left:612.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>1st Eligible</i></b></p> +<p style="top:781.5pt;left:612.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Passed</i></b></p> +<p style="top:795.0pt;left:612.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>2nd Eligible</i></b></p> +</div> + +<div id="page5" style="background-image:url('playbook5.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:702.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>5</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">All done? Excellent! Let’s proceed: With the AUC passing, the </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels now may become the 2nd Eligible faction. Looking at the </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">next card, <i>Hugo Chávez, </i>it is apparent that FARC and the AUC will </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:56.2pt">both act on that card leaving the Cartels without an action, because </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:56.2pt">only two actions occur each card. Knowing this, the Cartels see no </p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:56.2pt">reason not to at least take a Limited Operation here.</p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:56.2pt">All three Insurgent factions (FARC, AUC, and Cartels) have the same </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:56.2pt">Operations available to them. There, are, however, some subtle yet </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:56.2pt">important differences.</p> +<p style="top:208.7pt;left:56.2pt">The Cartels decide to conduct a <b>Rally Operation</b> in Huila. Since </p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:56.2pt">this is the only space where the Operation is taking place we won’t </p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:56.2pt">need to place a pawn. Looking at the Cartel’s panel of the Opera-</p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:56.2pt">tions Foldout, we see it will cost 1 Resource and we will be able </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:56.2pt">to place 1 Cartel Guerrilla into Huila. Always place new Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:56.2pt">face-down (with embossed side downward).</p> +<p style="top:496.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>1 Guerrilla is placed in Huila</i></b></p> +<p style="top:518.4pt;left:56.2pt">Bases greatly empower the Rally Operation, but it takes Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:532.2pt;left:56.2pt">in order to create a base. Thus the Cartel’s decision to merely place </p> +<p style="top:545.9pt;left:56.2pt">a single Guerrilla into Huila. Later on, the Cartels can build up their </p> +<p style="top:559.7pt;left:56.2pt">presence in the region. </p> +<p style="top:582.4pt;left:56.2pt">This will conclude the Cartel Limited Operation. Please adjust Cartel </p> +<p style="top:596.2pt;left:56.2pt">Resources from 10 to 9 and place the Cartel Eligibility cylinder into </p> +<p style="top:609.9pt;left:56.2pt">the “2nd Faction LimOP” box (to the right of the Government’s </p> +<p style="top:623.7pt;left:56.2pt">cylinder) in the Sequence of Play display.</p> +<p style="top:873.9pt;left:56.2pt">Since both the 1st and 2nd Eligible Factions have executed their </p> +<p style="top:887.7pt;left:56.2pt">activities on this card, we will now adjust eligibility on the Sequence </p> +<p style="top:901.4pt;left:56.2pt">of Play display: All factions that executed an Event, Operation, or </p> +<p style="top:915.2pt;left:56.2pt">Limited Operation now have their eligibility cylinder placed into </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">the “Ineligible” box on the Sequence of Play. Factions that did not </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">execute an Event, Operation, or Limited Operation will either remain </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">in, or slide back to the “Eligible” box.</p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:393.8pt">In our case, both the Government and the Cartels will slide to the </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt">“Ineligible” box. The FARC cylinder will remain in the “Eligible” </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">box. The AUC cylinder will slide back to the “Eligible” box.</p> +<p style="top:167.4pt;left:393.8pt">Draw <i>Hugo Chávez </i>off the deck onto <i>Plan Colombia</i> and reveal the </p> +<p style="top:181.2pt;left:393.8pt">next card to be played: card #29 <i>Kill Zone.</i></p> +<p style="top:203.9pt;left:393.8pt">FARC is 1st Eligible on <i>Hugo Chávez</i> and chooses to execute the </p> +<p style="top:217.7pt;left:393.8pt">shaded Event. The Event text reads, “Place a FARC Base in a Dept </p> +<p style="top:231.4pt;left:393.8pt">next to Venezuela. Sabotage each empty LoC touching Cúcuta.” </p> +<p style="top:245.2pt;left:393.8pt">Go ahead and place a “Sabotage” counter on the two pipeline LoCs </p> +<p style="top:258.9pt;left:393.8pt">touching Cúcuta. This will hurt the Government’s ability to gain </p> +<p style="top:272.7pt;left:393.8pt">Resources when the next Propaganda card is resolved. Next, take the </p> +<p style="top:286.4pt;left:393.8pt">FARC base off of the “7” space of the FARC Bases track and place </p> +<p style="top:300.2pt;left:393.8pt">it into the Department of Arauca. Note that Arauca may not receive </p> +<p style="top:313.9pt;left:393.8pt">any other bases since there are now two bases there. </p> +<p style="top:546.4pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>The Hugo Chávez event allows the FARC to place two Sabotage mark-</i></b></p> +<p style="top:559.9pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>ers and a Base.</i></b></p> +<p style="top:582.2pt;left:393.8pt"> The FARC has as its victory condition, the goal of having a level </p> +<p style="top:595.9pt;left:393.8pt">of Opposition plus on-map bases greater than 25. Since the FARC </p> +<p style="top:609.7pt;left:393.8pt">just added a base, adjust the “Opposition + Bases” counter from 20 </p> +<p style="top:623.4pt;left:393.8pt">to 21, then place the FARC Eligibility cylinder in the “1st Faction </p> +<p style="top:637.2pt;left:393.8pt">Event” box on the 1st Eligible column of the Sequence of Play.</p> +<p style="top:659.9pt;left:393.8pt">Now only the AUC is eligible. The next card, however, is a very </p> +<p style="top:673.7pt;left:393.8pt">attractive event for the AUC and it passes again. Adjust the AUC </p> +<p style="top:687.4pt;left:393.8pt">Resources from 11 to 12. </p> +<p style="top:710.2pt;left:393.8pt">With the <i>Hugo Chávez</i> card fully resolved, we adjust eligibility: All </p> +<p style="top:723.9pt;left:393.8pt">cylinders in the “Ineligible” box go back to the “Eligible” box—they </p> +<p style="top:737.7pt;left:393.8pt">did not carry out an Event, Operation, or Limited Operation. The </p> +<p style="top:751.4pt;left:393.8pt">AUC will will also go back to “Eligible.” Only FARC’s cylinder </p> +<p style="top:765.2pt;left:393.8pt">slides to the “Ineligible” box.</p> +<p style="top:787.9pt;left:393.8pt">Draw <i>Kill Zone</i> off the deck onto <i>Hugo Chávez </i>and reveal the next </p> +<p style="top:801.7pt;left:393.8pt">card: Card #68, <i>Narco-Subs.</i></p> +<p style="top:824.4pt;left:393.8pt">FARC would be 1st Eligible on <i>Kill Zone,</i> but is in the Ineligible box, </p> +<p style="top:838.2pt;left:393.8pt">so the AUC now becomes 1st Eligible. The AUC wants to execute </p> +<p style="top:851.9pt;left:393.8pt">the shaded portion of the Event. The Event text reads, “FARC or </p> +<p style="top:865.7pt;left:393.8pt">AUC in a space executes two free Ambushes with any of its Guer-</p> +<p style="top:879.4pt;left:393.8pt">rillas without Activating.”</p> +<p style="top:902.2pt;left:393.8pt">An “Ambush” is a Special Activity that can only accompany an At-</p> +<p style="top:915.9pt;left:393.8pt">tack Operation (see the Faction Operations Foldout). Only the FARC </p> +</div> + +<div id="page6" style="background-image:url('playbook6.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>6</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">and the AUC may carry out an <b>Ambush Special Activity.</b> Unless </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">otherwise indicated by Event text, the executing Faction decides </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">how to carry out the Event. In this case, the AUC chooses to have </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:56.2pt">the AUC Guerrillas execute two Ambushes. (If another faction like </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:56.2pt">the Cartels executed this event, it could choose either the AUC or </p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:56.2pt">the FARC to Ambush—and the chosen Faction would then decide </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">where to execute the Ambush.)</p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:56.2pt">The word “free” on the card tells us that these Ambushes will not cost </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:56.2pt">any Resources. Ordinarily, an Attack that an Ambush accompanies </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:56.2pt">costs 1 Resource. Also, ordinarily only ONE Ambush may be ex-</p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:56.2pt">ecuted per Operation (so even if you were carrying out five Attacks, </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:56.2pt">only one Attack could have an Ambush). In this case, however, it is </p> +<p style="top:240.9pt;left:56.2pt">an event and events trump the ordinary rules. </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:56.2pt">The AUC decides to Ambush in Arauca twice so no need to mark the </p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:56.2pt">space with pawns. To carry out an Ambush Attack, one Guerrilla is </p> +<p style="top:291.2pt;left:56.2pt">activated (flipped over to show its embossed side) and two enemy </p> +<p style="top:304.9pt;left:56.2pt">pieces are destroyed and returned to their holding box (Guerrillas/</p> +<p style="top:318.7pt;left:56.2pt">Troops/Police) or track (bases). As a bonus, however, the Ambush-</p> +<p style="top:332.4pt;left:56.2pt">ing player may place one available Guerrilla into the space where </p> +<p style="top:346.2pt;left:56.2pt">the Ambush occurred. In this situation, the event stipulated that no </p> +<p style="top:359.9pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas activate so we won’t activate the single Guerrilla. The </p> +<p style="top:373.7pt;left:56.2pt">AUC would like to kill both FARC Bases as his victory conditions </p> +<p style="top:387.4pt;left:56.2pt">are to have more bases on the map than the FARC. But before a </p> +<p style="top:401.2pt;left:56.2pt">base can be eliminated in any Attack, Ambush or Assault, all Guer-</p> +<p style="top:414.9pt;left:56.2pt">rillas of the same faction as the base must first be eliminated. The </p> +<p style="top:428.7pt;left:56.2pt">AUC therefore eliminates the lone FARC Guerrilla and one of the </p> +<p style="top:442.4pt;left:56.2pt">bases in Arauca. Place the Guerrilla back into the Available Guer-</p> +<p style="top:456.2pt;left:56.2pt">rillas box and the base onto the “7” space of the FARC Bases track. </p> +<p style="top:469.9pt;left:56.2pt">Adjust the “Opposition + Bases” counter from 21 to 20. Place 1 </p> +<p style="top:483.7pt;left:56.2pt">more AUC Guerrilla into Arauca. This concludes the first Ambush </p> +<p style="top:497.4pt;left:56.2pt">from the event.</p> +<p style="top:707.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>AUC uses the Kill Zone Event to conduct two Ambushes</i></b></p> +<p style="top:729.4pt;left:56.2pt">For the second Ambush, the AUC will hit Arauca again; the newly-</p> +<p style="top:743.2pt;left:56.2pt">placed Guerrilla from the first Ambush will be the attacking Guer-</p> +<p style="top:756.9pt;left:56.2pt">rilla. Only 1 FARC piece remains in Arauca, a single base. Return </p> +<p style="top:770.7pt;left:56.2pt">this base to the “6” space on the FARC Bases track. Adjust the </p> +<p style="top:784.4pt;left:56.2pt">“Opposition + Bases” counter from 20 to 19. Place 1 more available </p> +<p style="top:798.2pt;left:56.2pt">AUC Guerrilla into Arauca.</p> +<p style="top:820.9pt;left:56.2pt">This concludes the AUC’s Event. Place the AUC Eligibility cylinder </p> +<p style="top:834.7pt;left:56.2pt">into the Event box on the 1st Faction column of the Sequence of </p> +<p style="top:848.4pt;left:56.2pt">Play display.</p> +<p style="top:871.2pt;left:69.8pt"><b><i>STOP.</i></b><i> Please stop here and read section 4.4.1, then 4.3.2. This </i></p> +<p style="top:884.9pt;left:69.8pt"><i>will reinforce your understanding of the Ambush mechanic.</i></p> +<p style="top:907.7pt;left:56.2pt">When we last left things the AUC had just finished carrying out the </p> +<p style="top:921.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Kill Zone</i> event. Now the Cartels are the 2nd Eligible on this card.</p> +<p style="top:301.5pt;left:393.8pt">The Cartels need to establish bases in order to achieve their two-fold </p> +<p style="top:315.2pt;left:393.8pt">victory condition: have more than 10 bases on the map, and have </p> +<p style="top:329.0pt;left:393.8pt">more than 40 Resources. With this end in mind, the Cartels choose </p> +<p style="top:342.8pt;left:393.8pt">to carry out a Rally Operation.</p> +<p style="top:365.5pt;left:393.8pt">Because the AUC carried out an Event, the 2nd Eligible Cartels may </p> +<p style="top:379.2pt;left:393.8pt">carry out an Operation and a Special Activity. The Cartels choose to </p> +<p style="top:393.0pt;left:393.8pt">Rally in Cali, Meta East, Meta West, and Huila. Place a white pawn </p> +<p style="top:406.8pt;left:393.8pt">in each of these four spaces.</p> +<p style="top:429.5pt;left:393.8pt">Most of these spaces contain a Cartel base. In such spaces, the num-</p> +<p style="top:443.2pt;left:393.8pt">ber of Guerrillas that may be placed is equal to the number of Cartel </p> +<p style="top:457.0pt;left:393.8pt">bases in that space plus the Population value of that space.</p> +<p style="top:479.8pt;left:393.8pt">Starting in Cali, the Cartels will place 4 Guerrillas from their Avail-</p> +<p style="top:493.5pt;left:393.8pt">able Forces (population 3 + 1 Cartel base). Place the Guerrillas there </p> +<p style="top:507.2pt;left:393.8pt">now. Next, place 2 Guerrillas into Meta West (population 1 + 1 base) </p> +<p style="top:521.0pt;left:393.8pt">and 2 more into Meta East. The last available Cartel Guerrilla will </p> +<p style="top:534.8pt;left:393.8pt">be placed into Huila.</p> +<p style="top:557.5pt;left:393.8pt">Next, since the Cartels chose to Rally, and are eligible for a Special </p> +<p style="top:571.2pt;left:393.8pt">Activity, the Cartels will execute a <b>“Cultivate”</b> Special Activity </p> +<p style="top:585.0pt;left:393.8pt">(see Cartels panel of the Operations Foldout). To do so they must </p> +<p style="top:598.8pt;left:393.8pt">choose a space with a population greater than zero and where Cartel </p> +<p style="top:612.5pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrillas outnumber the number of Police. There also needs to be </p> +<p style="top:626.2pt;left:393.8pt">room to place a base. The Cartels choose Huila.</p> +<p style="top:649.0pt;left:393.8pt">With the space chosen, the Cartel player may either move a base </p> +<p style="top:662.8pt;left:393.8pt">from anywhere on the map to that location (whether city or depart-</p> +<p style="top:676.5pt;left:393.8pt">ment), OR place a new base into a department (not a city) where </p> +<p style="top:690.2pt;left:393.8pt">he conducted a Rally Operation. The Cartel player will place a new </p> +<p style="top:704.0pt;left:393.8pt">base into Huila. Place a Cartel base from the “7” space of the Cartel </p> +<p style="top:717.8pt;left:393.8pt">Bases track into the empty “base” space in Huila.</p> +<p style="top:740.5pt;left:393.8pt">This Operation cost 4 Resources so reduce the Cartel Resources from </p> +<p style="top:754.2pt;left:393.8pt">9 to to 5 and remove the white pawns. Place the Cartel Eligibility </p> +<p style="top:768.0pt;left:393.8pt">cylinder into the “2nd Faction Op + Special Activity” box on the </p> +<p style="top:781.8pt;left:393.8pt">Sequence of Play. </p> +<p style="top:804.5pt;left:393.8pt">Next, we adjust Eligibility: The AUC and Cartels are now Ineligible; </p> +<p style="top:818.2pt;left:393.8pt">the Government and FARC are Eligible. Draw <i>Narco-Subs</i> off </p> +<p style="top:832.0pt;left:393.8pt">the deck on top of <i>Kill Zone</i> and reveal the next card: #48, <i>Unión </i></p> +<p style="top:845.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Sindical Obrera.</i></p> +<p style="top:868.5pt;left:407.2pt"><b><i>STOP. </i></b><i>Please stop here and read section 3.3 through 3.3.1. </i></p> +<p style="top:882.2pt;left:407.2pt"><i>and 4.5.1. This will reinforce your understanding of the Rally </i></p> +<p style="top:896.0pt;left:407.2pt"><i>Operation and Cultivate Special Activity.</i></p> +<p style="top:249.7pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Cartel places 9 Guerrillas with the Rally Operation and then uses a </i></b></p> +<p style="top:263.2pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Special Activity to “Cultivate” a Base in Huila.</i></b></p> +</div> + +<div id="page7" style="background-image:url('playbook7.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:702.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>7</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:376.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Ready to continue? Let’s go!</i></b></p> +<p style="top:395.4pt;left:56.2pt">The <i>Narco-Subs</i> event is pretty </p> +<p style="top:409.1pt;left:56.2pt">much useless at the present </p> +<p style="top:422.9pt;left:56.2pt">time—both the unshaded and </p> +<p style="top:436.6pt;left:56.2pt">shaded portions have no effect </p> +<p style="top:450.4pt;left:56.2pt">since there are no Cartel pieces </p> +<p style="top:464.1pt;left:56.2pt">in coastal spaces. The Govern-</p> +<p style="top:477.9pt;left:56.2pt">ment is the 1st Eligible since </p> +<p style="top:491.6pt;left:56.2pt">both Cartels and AUC are in the </p> +<p style="top:505.4pt;left:56.2pt">Ineligible box. The Government </p> +<p style="top:519.1pt;left:56.2pt">decides to Conduct a <b>Sweep </b></p> +<p style="top:532.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Operation</b> and an <b>Airstrike </b></p> +<p style="top:546.6pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Special Activity.</b></p> +<p style="top:569.4pt;left:69.8pt"><b><i>STOP.</i></b><i> Please stop here and </i></p> +<p style="top:583.1pt;left:69.8pt"><i>read section 3.2.3 before </i></p> +<p style="top:596.9pt;left:69.8pt"><i>continuing.</i></p> +<p style="top:619.6pt;left:56.2pt">The target areas for the Sweeps will be Cali, Santander, and Chocó. </p> +<p style="top:633.4pt;left:56.2pt">Mark each space with a white pawn. </p> +<p style="top:656.1pt;left:56.2pt">For the Sweep into Chocó, move all 3 Troops from Medellín and 3 </p> +<p style="top:669.9pt;left:56.2pt">Troop cubes from Cali into Chocó. </p> +<p style="top:692.6pt;left:56.2pt">Because Chocó is a Forest space, it takes 2 cubes to Activate 1 </p> +<p style="top:706.4pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrilla. The Government sent more than enough cubes to get </p> +<p style="top:720.1pt;left:56.2pt">the job done. Flip the single FARC Guerrilla in Chocó to Active </p> +<p style="top:733.9pt;left:56.2pt">(embossed side up).</p> +<p style="top:756.6pt;left:56.2pt">For the Sweep into Santander, the Government Troops in the depart-</p> +<p style="top:770.4pt;left:56.2pt">ment will Sweep in place. There are 3 cubes in Santander, more than </p> +<p style="top:784.1pt;left:56.2pt">enough to Activate both the AUC and the FARC Guerrillas. Flip </p> +<p style="top:797.9pt;left:56.2pt">both Guerrillas to Active.</p> +<p style="top:820.6pt;left:56.2pt">For the Sweep in Cali, the Government will again Sweep in place. </p> +<p style="top:834.4pt;left:56.2pt">Note that while only Troops can move in a Sweep—Troops in Cali </p> +<p style="top:848.1pt;left:56.2pt">for example could move as far as Pasto, via the Cali-Pasto LoC if </p> +<p style="top:861.9pt;left:56.2pt">Pasto was a target for a Sweep Operation—ANY cube in the target </p> +<p style="top:875.6pt;left:56.2pt">location is counted for implementing the effects of the Sweep. The </p> +<p style="top:889.4pt;left:56.2pt">Government has 3 Troops and 4 Police. The 7 cubes in Cali will be </p> +<p style="top:903.1pt;left:56.2pt">enough to Activate all 5 Cartel Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">Next, the Government will execute its Special Activity. We’ve </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">already conducted one Special Activity in this tutorial, but there </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">are some things you need to understand about Special Activities </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt">before we go further.</p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:407.2pt"><b><i>STOP.</i></b><i> Please stop here and read section 4.1 through 4.2.3 </i></p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:407.2pt"><i>before continuing.</i></p> +<p style="top:167.4pt;left:393.8pt">Ok, now you should know how Special Activities work and how </p> +<p style="top:181.2pt;left:393.8pt">they can work in conjunction with an Operation. Theoretically, </p> +<p style="top:194.9pt;left:393.8pt">the Government could have done the Airstrike at the start of the </p> +<p style="top:208.7pt;left:393.8pt">Operation rather than at the end of the Operation. But as you no </p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:393.8pt">doubt read, an Airstrike can only destroy an Active Guerrilla, or an </p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:393.8pt">unprotected base.</p> +<p style="top:258.9pt;left:393.8pt">Of the Active Guerrillas on the map, the FARC Guerrilla in the </p> +<p style="top:272.7pt;left:393.8pt">mountains of Santander is the most juicy. It takes 2 Troop cubes to </p> +<p style="top:286.4pt;left:393.8pt">kill 1 Guerrilla in the mountains. Killing the FARC Guerrilla with </p> +<p style="top:300.2pt;left:393.8pt">an Airstrike is very efficient. The Government chooses to do just </p> +<p style="top:313.9pt;left:393.8pt">this, so remove the FARC Guerrilla from Santander. (The AUC </p> +<p style="top:327.7pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrilla could also have been targeted, but the AUC can Rally </p> +<p style="top:341.4pt;left:393.8pt">in Santander so it wouldn’t have been gone for long whereas the </p> +<p style="top:355.2pt;left:393.8pt">FARC cannot Rally in Santander due to the department’s Support </p> +<p style="top:368.9pt;left:393.8pt">for the Government.)</p> +<p style="top:391.7pt;left:393.8pt">Adjust the Government Resources by –9 (it cost 3 Resources for each </p> +<p style="top:405.4pt;left:393.8pt">Sweep), from 28 to 19. Place the Government Eligibility cylinder </p> +<p style="top:419.2pt;left:393.8pt">into the “Op + Special Activity” box on 1st Faction column of the </p> +<p style="top:432.9pt;left:393.8pt">Sequence of Play.</p> +<p style="top:455.7pt;left:393.8pt">FARC is then left with an unfortunate decision: either take a Limited </p> +<p style="top:469.4pt;left:393.8pt">Op or execute the <i>Narco-Subs</i> event (which is useless). Not wishing </p> +<p style="top:483.2pt;left:393.8pt">to waste an OP, FARC instead Passes. Adjust FARC Resources from </p> +<p style="top:496.9pt;left:393.8pt">10 to 11. FARC will enjoy 2nd Eligibility, and better opportunities </p> +<p style="top:510.7pt;left:393.8pt">on the next card, <i>Unión Sindical Obrera.</i> </p> +<p style="top:533.4pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Adjust Eligibility:</b> Government is Ineligible; all other factions are </p> +<p style="top:547.2pt;left:393.8pt">Eligible. Draw <i>Unión Sindical Obrera</i> off the deck on top of <i>Narco-</i></p> +<p style="top:560.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Subs</i>, and reveal the next card: #1, <i>1st Division.</i></p> +<p style="top:811.2pt;left:393.8pt">The AUC is the 1st Eligible Faction on <i>Unión Sindical Obrera.</i> Take </p> +<p style="top:824.9pt;left:393.8pt">a moment to look at the “Rally” Operation’s requirements on the </p> +<p style="top:838.7pt;left:393.8pt">AUC’s panel of a Operations Foldout. You’ll quickly notice that in </p> +<p style="top:852.4pt;left:393.8pt">order to Rally, the target space cannot have “Opposition.” The AUC </p> +<p style="top:866.2pt;left:393.8pt">would like to carry on its momentum in the department of Arauca, </p> +<p style="top:879.9pt;left:393.8pt">but cannot Rally there at the present time because of the “Active </p> +<p style="top:893.7pt;left:393.8pt">Opposition” marker. The unshaded version of the <i>Unión Sindical </i></p> +<p style="top:907.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Obrera</i> event appears to be just the ticket. The event text reads, </p> +<p style="top:921.2pt;left:393.8pt">“Remove 1 Opposition or FARC Base adjacent to 3-Econ pipeline.” </p> +<p style="top:337.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Government Sweeps and an Airstrike take out Guerrillas.</i></b></p> +</div> + +<div id="page8" style="background-image:url('playbook8.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>8</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">Conveniently, Arauca is adjacent to the 3-Econ pipeline LoC that </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">connects the town of Arauca with the city of Cúcuta, making it an </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">eligible space for the event. There’s no longer any FARC base in </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:56.2pt">Arauca, but there is an Opposition counter in the department. The </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:56.2pt">AUC chooses to remove the “Active Opposition” counter, thus mak-</p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:56.2pt">ing Arauca Neutral—and thus eligible for AUC Rally Operations </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">later on in the game. Note that the AUC could also have removed an </p> +<p style="top:163.2pt;left:56.2pt">Opposition counter if it was on its “Passive Opposition” side since </p> +<p style="top:176.9pt;left:56.2pt">the event did not specify either Passive or Active Opposition.</p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:56.2pt">The effects of this event also cause the “Opposition + Bases” counter </p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:56.2pt">to move from 19 to 17 on the numbered track since Arauca’s Popula-</p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:56.2pt">tion of 1 is no longer under any level of Opposition (under Active </p> +<p style="top:240.9pt;left:56.2pt">Opposition a space with a Population of “1” would contribute a </p> +<p style="top:254.7pt;left:56.2pt">factor of 2 Opposition on the track).</p> +<p style="top:436.7pt;left:56.2pt">Place the AUC’s Eligibility cylinder into the Event box on the 1st </p> +<p style="top:450.4pt;left:56.2pt">Faction column of the Sequence of Play display. Now FARC is the </p> +<p style="top:464.2pt;left:56.2pt">2nd Eligible Faction.</p> +<p style="top:486.9pt;left:56.2pt">FARC needs guerrillas on the map so FARC will take the opportunity </p> +<p style="top:500.7pt;left:56.2pt">to Rally across the map. As you read earlier, FARC can only Rally </p> +<p style="top:514.4pt;left:56.2pt">in cities/departments without Government Support. This means they </p> +<p style="top:528.2pt;left:56.2pt">cannot Rally in Santander to replace the guerrilla eliminated by the </p> +<p style="top:541.9pt;left:56.2pt">Government Airstrike. FARC chooses to Rally in the following </p> +<p style="top:555.7pt;left:56.2pt">departments: Cesar, Antioquia, Chocó, Arauca, Huila, Nariño, Meta </p> +<p style="top:569.4pt;left:56.2pt">West, Meta East, Guaviare, Putumayo, Vichada, and Guainía—12 </p> +<p style="top:583.2pt;left:56.2pt">spaces. Place a pawn in each space to mark the locations.</p> +<p style="top:605.9pt;left:56.2pt">But wait! You may have noticed that there’s not enough Resources </p> +<p style="top:619.7pt;left:56.2pt">available to the FARC to Rally in 12 spaces! FARC only has 11 </p> +<p style="top:633.4pt;left:56.2pt">Resources. Fortunately for FARC, since the 1st Eligible Faction </p> +<p style="top:647.2pt;left:56.2pt">executed an Event, the 2nd Eligible Faction may carry out a Special </p> +<p style="top:660.9pt;left:56.2pt">Activity. Special Activities, as you read earlier, can be carried out at </p> +<p style="top:674.7pt;left:56.2pt">any one time during an Operation. FARC will execute an “Extort” </p> +<p style="top:688.4pt;left:56.2pt">Special Activity as it Rallies in order to gain the Resources necessary </p> +<p style="top:702.2pt;left:56.2pt">to carry out the Operation.</p> +<p style="top:724.9pt;left:69.8pt"><b><i>STOP. </i></b><i>Please stop here and read section 4.3 through 4.3.3 </i></p> +<p style="top:738.7pt;left:69.8pt"><i>before continuing.</i></p> +<p style="top:761.4pt;left:56.2pt">Now that you know more about the FARC Special Activities, we can </p> +<p style="top:775.2pt;left:56.2pt">continue. For this Operation, we will pay the Resources necessary </p> +<p style="top:788.9pt;left:56.2pt">as we move along.</p> +<p style="top:811.7pt;left:56.2pt">FARC begins Rallying in Cesar: place 1 available FARC guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:825.4pt;left:56.2pt">into the department. FARC could choose to <b>Extort</b> here since FARC </p> +<p style="top:839.2pt;left:56.2pt">has an underground guerrilla now and outnumbers all enemy pieces, </p> +<p style="top:852.9pt;left:56.2pt">but chooses not to do so at this time. Adjust FARC Resources from </p> +<p style="top:866.7pt;left:56.2pt">11 to 10.</p> +<p style="top:889.4pt;left:56.2pt">Next, FARC conducts a Rally Op in both Antioquia and Arauca, </p> +<p style="top:903.2pt;left:56.2pt">placing 1 available guerrilla into each department. FARC will be un-</p> +<p style="top:916.9pt;left:56.2pt">able to Extort in either space since they do not outnumber all enemy </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">pieces in either department. Adjust FARC Resources from 10 to 8.</p> +<p style="top:89.7pt;left:393.8pt">FARC will Rally in Nariño next and place 1 available guerrilla into </p> +<p style="top:103.4pt;left:393.8pt">the space. Here, FARC now has two underground guerrillas and </p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:393.8pt">outnumbers all enemy pieces so FARC will extort here. Flip one of </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt">the two FARC guerrillas over to its Active side. The Resource cost </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">for the Rally Operation here will be offset by the 1 Resource gained </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:393.8pt">by the Extort Special Activity.</p> +<p style="top:181.2pt;left:393.8pt">In Putumayo, FARC could remove two Guerrillas in order to place a </p> +<p style="top:194.9pt;left:393.8pt">base, but the newly-placed base would be vulnerable to enemy attack </p> +<p style="top:208.7pt;left:393.8pt">or a Government airstrike. Knowing this, FARC places 1 available </p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:393.8pt">guerrilla. FARC outnumbers the AUC in Putumayo, but does not </p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:393.8pt">outnumber all the enemies in Putumayo put together so they cannot </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:393.8pt">Extort here. Adjust FARC Resources from 8 to 7.</p> +<p style="top:272.7pt;left:393.8pt">In Chocó, FARC has a single base and the department has a Popu-</p> +<p style="top:286.4pt;left:393.8pt">lation of 1. FARC, therefore, places 2 available guerrillas into the </p> +<p style="top:300.2pt;left:393.8pt">department. This safeguards the FARC base from the Government </p> +<p style="top:313.9pt;left:393.8pt">troops prowling the Chocó forests. FARC cannot Extort here though, </p> +<p style="top:327.7pt;left:393.8pt">so adjust FARC Resources from 7 to 6.</p> +<p style="top:350.4pt;left:393.8pt">Huila has a population of 2 and a single FARC base. FARC will, </p> +<p style="top:364.2pt;left:393.8pt">therefore, place 3 available guerrillas Huila. FARC now outnumbers </p> +<p style="top:377.9pt;left:393.8pt">all enemies in Huila so FARC will Extort. Flip one FARC guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:391.7pt;left:393.8pt">in Huila over to its Active side. The Resource cost for the Rally </p> +<p style="top:405.4pt;left:393.8pt">Operation here will be offset by the 1 Resource gained by the Extort </p> +<p style="top:419.2pt;left:393.8pt">Special Activity.</p> +<p style="top:441.9pt;left:393.8pt">Meta East, Meta West, and Guaviare each have a Population of 1 and </p> +<p style="top:455.7pt;left:393.8pt">a single FARC base. FARC places 2 available guerrillas into each </p> +<p style="top:469.4pt;left:393.8pt">department. Each of these spaces also now qualifies for the Extort </p> +<p style="top:483.2pt;left:393.8pt">Special Activity so flip 1 FARC guerrilla in each space over to its </p> +<p style="top:496.9pt;left:393.8pt">Active side. The Resource cost for each space will thus be offset by </p> +<p style="top:510.7pt;left:393.8pt">the Resource gained by the Extort Special Activity.</p> +<p style="top:533.4pt;left:393.8pt">Vichada, and Guainía are 0-population departments. This fact doesn’t </p> +<p style="top:547.2pt;left:393.8pt">preclude Rally or Extortion! FARC will Rally in each and Extort in </p> +<p style="top:560.9pt;left:393.8pt">each location. Place 1 available FARC guerrilla into each space and </p> +<p style="top:574.7pt;left:393.8pt">flip it over to its Active side. The Resource cost for each space is thus </p> +<p style="top:588.4pt;left:393.8pt">offset by the Resource gained by the Extort Special Activity.</p> +<p style="top:611.2pt;left:393.8pt">Wow! That was a LOT of Rallying! FARC ends the Operation with </p> +<p style="top:624.9pt;left:393.8pt">only 2 guerrillas in its “Available Guerrillas” box. Thanks to the </p> +<p style="top:638.7pt;left:393.8pt">Extort Special Activity, FARC ends the Operation with 6 Resources. </p> +<p style="top:652.4pt;left:393.8pt">Please remove all the pawns from the board.</p> +<p style="top:675.2pt;left:393.8pt">We’ll finish the card by adjusting Eligibility. Both FARC and the </p> +<p style="top:688.9pt;left:393.8pt">AUC cylinders move to the Ineligible box on the Sequence of Play </p> +<p style="top:702.7pt;left:393.8pt">display. The Government and the Cartels remain eligible to act on </p> +<p style="top:716.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>1st Division.</i> Draw <i>1st Division</i> off the deck on top of <i>Unión Sindical </i></p> +<p style="top:730.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Obrera,</i> and reveal the next card: #72, <i>Sicarios.</i></p> +<p style="top:752.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>1st Division</i> is one of several Event Cards which when played as </p> +<p style="top:766.7pt;left:393.8pt">an event will produce long-lasting results known as “Government </p> +<p style="top:780.4pt;left:393.8pt">Capabilities.” In addition to these, there are also cards with “Insur-</p> +<p style="top:794.2pt;left:393.8pt">gent Momentum” in the game.</p> +<p style="top:813.5pt;left:407.2pt"><b><i>STOP. </i></b><i>Please stop here and read section 5.3 through 5.4. </i></p> +<p style="top:827.3pt;left:407.2pt"><i>before continuing.</i></p> +<p style="top:850.0pt;left:393.8pt">Now that you know all about Government Capabilities and Insurgent </p> +<p style="top:863.8pt;left:393.8pt">Momentum we can continue.</p> +<p style="top:886.5pt;left:393.8pt">The Government is now cast upon the horns of a dilemma: They </p> +<p style="top:900.3pt;left:393.8pt">can execute the event, but would lose the opportunity to follow-up </p> +<p style="top:914.0pt;left:393.8pt">their Sweeps in Cali—the Cartels will almost certainly have their </p> +</div> + +<div id="page9" style="background-image:url('playbook9.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:702.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>9</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:865.6pt;left:56.2pt">Active guerrillas go Underground in Cali. On the other hand, if the </p> +<p style="top:879.3pt;left:56.2pt">government wipes out the Cartels in Cali and chase the Operation </p> +<p style="top:893.1pt;left:56.2pt">with a Special Activity, the Cartels might play the event against the </p> +<p style="top:906.8pt;left:56.2pt">Government. The <i>1st Division</i> event’s unshaded version gives the </p> +<p style="top:920.6pt;left:56.2pt">Government the powerful capability of engaging in Civic Actions </p> +<p style="top:865.6pt;left:393.8pt">without the need of Police and Troops—only one cube and control </p> +<p style="top:879.3pt;left:393.8pt">is needed! But if the shaded version is played, the Government </p> +<p style="top:893.1pt;left:393.8pt">would require 2 Troops and 2 Police for Civic Actions—a very </p> +<p style="top:906.8pt;left:393.8pt">tough task to achieve!</p> +<p style="top:842.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>FARC Rallies 18 Guerrillas in 12 different departments.</i></b></p> +</div> + +<div id="page10" style="background-image:url('playbook10.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>10</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">As nice as the event’s permanent effect would be, the Government </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">decides that the opportunity to inflict a terrible wound to the Cali </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">Cartel is one which must not be deferred. The Government decides </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:56.2pt">to execute <b>Assault Operations.</b> To protect against <i>1st Division</i> being </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:56.2pt">played against them, however, the Government chooses not to un-</p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:56.2pt">dertake any Special Activities—leaving the 2nd Eligible Cartels with </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">only the option of executing a Limited Operation on this card.</p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:69.8pt"><b><i>STOP.</i></b><i> Please stop here and read section 3.2.4 before con-</i></p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:69.8pt"><i>tinuing.</i></p> +<p style="top:208.7pt;left:56.2pt">Ok, now that you know the rules for Assault Operations we will </p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:56.2pt">proceed with the Government’s operation. Currently, there are three </p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:56.2pt">spaces where the Government could Assault: Chocó, Santander, </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:56.2pt">and Cali. But because it costs 3 Resources per space to execute, the </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:56.2pt">Government will conserve its Resources and only Assault in Cali.</p> +<p style="top:286.4pt;left:233.8pt">Since Cali is a city space, any </p> +<p style="top:300.2pt;left:233.8pt">cube can be used to eliminate </p> +<p style="top:313.9pt;left:233.8pt">an enemy piece. The Govern-</p> +<p style="top:327.7pt;left:233.8pt">ment has 3 Troops and 4 Po-</p> +<p style="top:341.4pt;left:233.8pt">lice, a total of 7 cubes. These </p> +<p style="top:355.2pt;left:233.8pt">each eliminate one Cartel </p> +<p style="top:368.9pt;left:233.8pt">piece, eliminating all 5 Cartel </p> +<p style="top:382.7pt;left:233.8pt">guerrillas and the single Car-</p> +<p style="top:396.4pt;left:233.8pt">tel base. Place the guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:410.2pt;left:233.8pt">back into the Cartel’s Avail-</p> +<p style="top:423.9pt;left:56.2pt">able Guerrillas box. Place the base into the “7” space on the Cartel </p> +<p style="top:437.7pt;left:56.2pt">Bases Track. Adjust the Government’s Resources from 19 to 16. </p> +<p style="top:460.4pt;left:56.2pt">Place the Government’s Eligibility cylinder into the “Op Only” box </p> +<p style="top:474.2pt;left:56.2pt">on the Sequence of Play display.</p> +<p style="top:496.9pt;left:56.2pt">The Cartel player is now facing a dilemma similar to that which the </p> +<p style="top:510.7pt;left:56.2pt">Government faced. The upcoming <i>Sicarios</i> event could be played </p> +<p style="top:524.4pt;left:56.2pt">against them. Cartels, being 1st Eligible on <i>Sicarios,</i> therefore, opt </p> +<p style="top:538.2pt;left:56.2pt">to Pass. Adjust Cartel Resources from 5 to 6.</p> +<p style="top:560.9pt;left:56.2pt">That concludes the <i>1st Division</i> card. The Government Eligibility </p> +<p style="top:574.7pt;left:56.2pt">cylinder moves to the Ineligible box while all other Factions move to </p> +<p style="top:588.4pt;left:56.2pt">the Eligible box on the Sequence of Play. Draw <i>Sicarios</i> off the deck </p> +<p style="top:602.2pt;left:56.2pt">on top of <i>1st Division,</i> and reveal the next card: #26,<i> Gramaje.</i></p> +<p style="top:624.9pt;left:56.2pt">Seeing the <i>Gramaje</i> card on the horizon, the Cartel player resolves </p> +<p style="top:638.7pt;left:56.2pt">to eschew frugality with his Resources. The Cartel player wants </p> +<p style="top:652.4pt;left:56.2pt">to get reestablished in a City so as to hold some leverage over the </p> +<p style="top:666.2pt;left:56.2pt">Government (and be safe from Eradication Special Activities). The </p> +<p style="top:679.9pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels decide to Rally in Medellín, Bucaramanga, and Arauca, plac-</p> +<p style="top:693.7pt;left:56.2pt">ing a single available guerrilla in each space. The Cartels will also </p> +<p style="top:707.4pt;left:56.2pt">execute a Cultivate Special Activity to place a base (from the 7 space </p> +<p style="top:721.2pt;left:56.2pt">of the Cartel Bases track) into Arauca. Note that neither Medellín nor </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">Bucaramanga are eligible for a </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">Cultivate Special Activity since </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">the number of Cartel guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt">does not exceed the number of </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:393.8pt">Police in those spaces. </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">Adjust the Cartel Resources </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:393.8pt">from 6 to 3 and place the Cartel </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:393.8pt">Eligibility cylinder into the “OP </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:393.8pt">+ Special Activity” box on the </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:393.8pt">Sequence of Play display.</p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:393.8pt">Now the AUC is 2nd Eligible to </p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:393.8pt">play on <i>Sicarios.</i> The AUC opts </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:393.8pt">to execute the unshaded portion </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:393.8pt">of the <i>Sicarios</i> event. Two Car-</p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:393.8pt">tel guerrillas are removed from </p> +<p style="top:291.2pt;left:393.8pt">Meta West and replaced with 2 AUC guerrillas. Two more Cartel </p> +<p style="top:304.9pt;left:393.8pt">guerrillas are removed from Meta East and likewise replaced with </p> +<p style="top:318.7pt;left:393.8pt">2 AUC guerrillas. The AUC now have guerrillas in two more Op-</p> +<p style="top:332.4pt;left:393.8pt">position areas where they can wreak more havoc on the FARC. This </p> +<p style="top:346.2pt;left:393.8pt">ends the <i>Sicarios</i> card. Both Cartel and AUC Eligibility cylinders </p> +<p style="top:359.9pt;left:393.8pt">move to the Ineligible box. Draw <i>Gramaje</i> off the deck on top of </p> +<p style="top:373.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Sicarios,</i> and reveal the next card: #19, <i>General Offensive.</i></p> +<p style="top:396.4pt;left:393.8pt">FARC is the 1st Eligible Faction on <i>Gramaje</i> and decides to conduct a </p> +<p style="top:410.2pt;left:393.8pt"><b>March Operation</b> without a Special Activity. Place FARC’s Eligibil-</p> +<p style="top:423.9pt;left:393.8pt">ity Pawn on the appropriate box of the Sequence of Play display.</p> +<p style="top:446.7pt;left:407.2pt"><b><i>STOP.</i></b><i> Please stop here and read section 3.3.2 before con-</i></p> +<p style="top:460.4pt;left:407.2pt"><i>tinuing.</i></p> +<p style="top:483.2pt;left:393.8pt">Now that you know how the March Operation works, let’s pro-</p> +<p style="top:496.9pt;left:393.8pt">ceed:</p> +<p style="top:513.6pt;left:393.8pt"><b>A)</b> FARC will March all 3 guerrillas in Putumayo. One will go into </p> +<p style="top:527.3pt;left:411.2pt">Pasto; 1 will go into Neiva; and 1 will go onto the Pasto-Neiva </p> +<p style="top:541.1pt;left:411.2pt">road. None of these will activate since there are not enough </p> +<p style="top:554.8pt;left:411.2pt">cubes + moving guerrillas in any of these three spaces to cause </p> +<p style="top:568.6pt;left:411.2pt">the guerrillas to activate (the total must exceed 3 to cause the </p> +<p style="top:582.3pt;left:411.2pt">moving guerrillas to go Active). Adjust FARC Resources from </p> +<p style="top:596.1pt;left:411.2pt">6 to 4—this cost 2 Resources (Marching onto LoCs does not </p> +<p style="top:609.8pt;left:411.2pt">cost any Resources).</p> +<p style="top:626.5pt;left:393.8pt"><b>B)</b> Two underground guerrillas will March from Meta West: one </p> +<p style="top:640.3pt;left:411.2pt">onto the Neiva-Bogotá pipeline and one onto the Bogotá-San </p> +<p style="top:654.0pt;left:411.2pt">José road. </p> +<p style="top:670.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>C)</b> One underground guerrilla from Meta East will March onto the </p> +<p style="top:684.4pt;left:411.2pt">Bogotá-Yopal pipeline. </p> +<p style="top:701.1pt;left:393.8pt"><b>D)</b> One underground guerrilla from Chocó will March onto the </p> +<p style="top:714.9pt;left:411.2pt">Sincelejo-Medellín pipeline. </p> +<p style="top:731.5pt;left:393.8pt"><b>E)</b> One underground guerrilla from Nariño will March onto the </p> +<p style="top:745.3pt;left:411.2pt">Cali-Pasto road. </p> +<p style="top:762.0pt;left:393.8pt"><b>F)</b> Finally, one guerrilla from Huila will March onto the Ibagué-</p> +<p style="top:775.7pt;left:411.2pt">Bogotá-Bucaramanga pipeline.</p> +<p style="top:798.5pt;left:393.8pt">The Government is the now eligible to play, but will need more than </p> +<p style="top:812.2pt;left:393.8pt">a Limited Operation to deal with the multiplicity of threats to his </p> +<p style="top:826.0pt;left:393.8pt">LoCs and cities! The Government, therefore, passes and collects 3 </p> +<p style="top:839.7pt;left:393.8pt">Resources. Adjust the Government’s Resources from 16 to 19.</p> +<p style="top:862.5pt;left:393.8pt">Now adjust Eligibility: only FARC goes to the Ineligible box; all </p> +<p style="top:876.2pt;left:393.8pt">other Factions go to the Eligible box on the Sequence of Play display. </p> +<p style="top:890.0pt;left:393.8pt">Draw <i>General Offensive</i> off the deck on top of <i>Gramaje,</i> and reveal </p> +<p style="top:903.7pt;left:393.8pt">the next card: #50, <i>Carabineros.</i> </p> +<p style="top:902.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>The Cartel uses the Rally Action to bring on 3 more Guerrillas and </i></b></p> +<p style="top:915.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>uses the Cultivate Special Activity to place a Base.</i></b></p> +</div> + +<div id="page11" style="background-image:url('playbook11.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>11</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:601.7pt;left:56.2pt">The Government is the 1st Eligible Faction to play on <i>General Of-</i></p> +<p style="top:615.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>fensive.</i> With so many FARC guerrillas on LoCs, the Government </p> +<p style="top:629.2pt;left:56.2pt">decides to launch a <b>Patrol Operation.</b></p> +<p style="top:651.9pt;left:69.8pt"><b><i>STOP.</i></b><i> Please stop here and read section 3.2.2 before con-</i></p> +<p style="top:665.7pt;left:69.8pt"><i>tinuing.</i></p> +<p style="top:688.4pt;left:56.2pt">Now you know what the Patrol Operation does. The Government </p> +<p style="top:702.2pt;left:56.2pt">begins its Patrol Operation with the Police cube in Cartagena moving </p> +<p style="top:715.9pt;left:56.2pt">onto the Cartagena-Sincelejo pipeline. Since there are no guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:729.7pt;left:56.2pt">on this LoC, the Police cube continues moving into Sincelejo (also </p> +<p style="top:743.4pt;left:56.2pt">guerrilla-free) and then onto the Sincelejo-Medellín pipeline where </p> +<p style="top:757.2pt;left:56.2pt">it must stop. The Police cube then activates one guerrilla—the only </p> +<p style="top:770.9pt;left:56.2pt">guerrilla on the LoC belonging to the FARC.</p> +<p style="top:793.7pt;left:56.2pt">Next, the Police cube on Cúcuta moves onto the Cúcuta-Ayacucho </p> +<p style="top:807.4pt;left:56.2pt">pipeline. The fact that this LoC is sabotaged does not impede the </p> +<p style="top:821.2pt;left:56.2pt">Police cube’s ability to Patrol so it continues to the Ayacucho-Santa </p> +<p style="top:834.9pt;left:56.2pt">Marta pipeline where it stops. It will protect this important Pipeline </p> +<p style="top:848.7pt;left:56.2pt">from any future FARC mischief.</p> +<p style="top:871.4pt;left:56.2pt">One Police cube from Bucaramanga moves onto the Bucaramanga-</p> +<p style="top:885.2pt;left:56.2pt">Ibagué-Bogotá pipeline where it stops and activates the FARC </p> +<p style="top:898.9pt;left:56.2pt">guerrilla. Note that the Cartel guerrilla does not keep a cube from </p> +<p style="top:912.7pt;left:56.2pt">leaving the space during a Patrol.</p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:462.9pt">In Bogotá, one Troops cube will move into the Bo-</p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:462.9pt">gotá-Neiva pipeline and activate the FARC guerrilla. </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:462.9pt">Another Troops cube will move from Bogotá onto </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:462.9pt">the Bogotá-Yopal pipeline and activate the FARC </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:462.9pt">guerrilla. One more Troops cube will move from </p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:462.9pt">Bogotá onto the Bogotá-San José road and activate </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:462.9pt">the FARC guerrilla.</p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:462.9pt">The Police in Neiva could Patrol onto the Neiva-</p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:462.9pt">Pasto Road, but this would leave Neiva vulnerable </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:462.9pt">to FARC Kidnapping, so the Police cube there will </p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:462.9pt">remain where it is and do nothing. The only type </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:462.9pt">of space where guerrillas can be activated during a </p> +<p style="top:240.9pt;left:462.9pt">Patrol is a LoC.</p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:462.9pt">Next, one Police cube in Cali will move onto the Cali-</p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:462.9pt">Pasto road and activate the FARC guerrilla.</p> +<p style="top:300.2pt;left:462.9pt">Thus far the Government has been able to activate </p> +<p style="top:313.9pt;left:462.9pt">all FARC guerrillas on LoCs except one: the guer-</p> +<p style="top:327.7pt;left:462.9pt">rilla on the Neiva-Pasto road. To deal with this, the </p> +<p style="top:341.4pt;left:462.9pt">Government executes an <b>Airlift Special Activity</b> in </p> +<p style="top:355.2pt;left:462.9pt">the middle of the Patrol Operation. 3 Troop cubes </p> +<p style="top:368.9pt;left:462.9pt">Airlift from Chocó to Neiva. Then, one Troop cube in </p> +<p style="top:382.7pt;left:462.9pt">Neiva moves onto the Neiva-Pasto road and activates </p> +<p style="top:396.4pt;left:462.9pt">the FARC guerrilla.</p> +<p style="top:419.2pt;left:462.9pt">Finally, as a part of the Patrol Operation, the Govern-</p> +<p style="top:432.9pt;left:462.9pt">ment may execute a free Assault on any one LoC. The </p> +<p style="top:446.7pt;left:462.9pt">Government chooses to eliminate the FARC Guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:460.4pt;left:462.9pt">on the Ibagué-Bogotá-Bucaramanga pipeline. This </p> +<p style="top:474.2pt;left:462.9pt">Operation cost the Government 3 Resources so adjust </p> +<p style="top:487.9pt;left:462.9pt">the Government Resources from 19 to 16 and place </p> +<p style="top:501.7pt;left:462.9pt">the Government Eligibility cylinder on the “Op + </p> +<p style="top:515.4pt;left:462.9pt">Special Activity” box on the Sequence of Play.</p> +<p style="top:538.2pt;left:462.9pt">The AUC is now the 2nd Eligible player on <i>General </i></p> +<p style="top:551.9pt;left:462.9pt"><i>Offensive.</i> The AUC, however, does not feel as though </p> +<p style="top:565.7pt;left:393.8pt">the event would be of great use, so the AUC will pass. Adjust the </p> +<p style="top:579.4pt;left:393.8pt">AUC’s Resources from 12 to 13 and place the AUC’s Eligibility </p> +<p style="top:593.2pt;left:393.8pt">cylinder into the Pass box on the Sequence of Play.</p> +<p style="top:615.9pt;left:393.8pt">The Cartels decide that the <i>General Offensive</i> event isn’t for them </p> +<p style="top:629.7pt;left:393.8pt">either. They too decide to pass and collect a Resource—adjust from </p> +<p style="top:643.4pt;left:393.8pt">3 to 4.</p> +<p style="top:666.2pt;left:393.8pt">Adjust Eligibility: only the Government goes to the Ineligible box; </p> +<p style="top:679.9pt;left:393.8pt">all other Factions go to the Eligible box on the Sequence of Play </p> +<p style="top:693.7pt;left:393.8pt">display. Draw <i>Carabineros</i> on top of <i>General Offensive,</i> and reveal </p> +<p style="top:707.4pt;left:393.8pt">the next card: #44, <i>Colombia </i></p> +<p style="top:721.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Nueva.</i></p> +<p style="top:743.9pt;left:393.8pt">The AUC is the 1st Eligible play-</p> +<p style="top:757.7pt;left:393.8pt">er on <i>Carabineros.</i> The AUC </p> +<p style="top:771.4pt;left:393.8pt">has two overarching goals: kill </p> +<p style="top:785.2pt;left:393.8pt">FARC bases; and building their </p> +<p style="top:798.9pt;left:393.8pt">own bases. And so the AUC, </p> +<p style="top:812.7pt;left:393.8pt">flush with Resources, opts to </p> +<p style="top:826.4pt;left:393.8pt">forgo the Event and instead Rally </p> +<p style="top:840.2pt;left:393.8pt">across the map. Place white </p> +<p style="top:853.9pt;left:393.8pt">pawns into the departments of </p> +<p style="top:867.7pt;left:393.8pt">Atlántico, Antioquia, Santander, </p> +<p style="top:881.4pt;left:393.8pt">Arauca, and Huila.</p> +<p style="top:904.2pt;left:393.8pt">Place 1 available AUC guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:917.9pt;left:393.8pt">into Atlántico. Place 3 available </p> +<p style="top:556.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>FARC March Actions</i></b></p> +</div> + +<div id="page12" style="background-image:url('playbook12.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>12</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">AUC guerrillas into Antioquia (base + Population). Place 1 avail-</p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">able AUC guerrilla into Santander. Place the last available AUC </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">guerrilla into Huila. </p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:56.2pt">In Arauca, the AUC has a couple choices: they could replace two </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:56.2pt">guerrillas with a base; or they could remove any one of their guer-</p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:56.2pt">rillas from elsewhere on the map and place it back into the available </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas box in order that they might Rally that guerrilla into </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:56.2pt">Arauca. Not needing their guerrilla in Putumayo, the AUC removes </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:56.2pt">this guerrilla to the AUC Available guerrillas box. The AUC player </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:56.2pt">then completes his Rally action by placing the newly-available </p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:56.2pt">guerrilla into Arauca. </p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:56.2pt">To defray the cost of this Operation, the AUC chooses to Extort in </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:56.2pt">each of Atlántico, Antioquia, and Arauca (don’t forget to mark 1 </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:56.2pt">guerrilla in each Extort space as Active). This brings the total cost </p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:56.2pt">of the Operation down to –3 Resources. Adjust the AUC Resources </p> +<p style="top:291.2pt;left:56.2pt">from 13 to 10. Place the AUC Eligibility cylinder into the “Op + </p> +<p style="top:304.9pt;left:56.2pt">Special Activity” box on the Sequence of Play display.</p> +<p style="top:327.7pt;left:56.2pt">The Cartels are now the 2nd Eligible Faction. The Cartels opt to take </p> +<p style="top:341.4pt;left:56.2pt">a Limited Operation in order to Rally in Medellín. Place 1 available </p> +<p style="top:355.2pt;left:56.2pt">Cartel guerrilla in Medellín. Adjust Cartel Resources from 4 to 3.</p> +<p style="top:377.9pt;left:56.2pt">Both the Cartel and AUC cylinders move into the Ineligible box; the </p> +<p style="top:391.7pt;left:56.2pt">FARC cylinder moves back into the Eligible box on the Sequence </p> +<p style="top:405.4pt;left:56.2pt">of Play display. Draw <i>Colombia Nueva</i> on top of <i>Carabineros,</i> and </p> +<p style="top:419.2pt;left:56.2pt">reveal the next card: a <i>Propaganda</i> card!</p> +<p style="top:441.9pt;left:56.2pt">Only the Government and the FARC are eligible to take immediate </p> +<p style="top:455.7pt;left:56.2pt">advantage of the knowledge of the upcoming Propaganda card.</p> +<p style="top:478.4pt;left:56.2pt">FARC is the 1st Eligible player on <i>Colombia Nueva.</i> FARC chooses </p> +<p style="top:492.2pt;left:56.2pt">to conduct a <b>Terror Operation.</b></p> +<p style="top:514.9pt;left:69.8pt"><b><i>STOP.</i></b><i> Please stop here and read sections 3.3.4 and 4.3.3 </i></p> +<p style="top:528.7pt;left:69.8pt"><i>before continuing.</i></p> +<p style="top:551.4pt;left:56.2pt">Ready to continue? Excellent! As you no doubt read, Terror is a </p> +<p style="top:565.2pt;left:56.2pt">powerful tool in the hands of the Insurgents. It is especially useful </p> +<p style="top:578.9pt;left:56.2pt">to FARC because it either degrades Support or builds Opposition. </p> +<p style="top:592.7pt;left:56.2pt">All other Insurgent Terror causes Support or Opposition to gravitate </p> +<p style="top:606.4pt;left:56.2pt">towards Neutral.</p> +<p style="top:629.2pt;left:56.2pt">Here, the FARC will engage in Terror and combine it with the <b>Kid-</b></p> +<p style="top:642.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>napping Special Activity!</b> Place a white pawn in each of Cesar, </p> +<p style="top:656.7pt;left:56.2pt">Antioquia, Huila, Arauca, and the cities of Pasto and Neiva. FARC </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">would like to wage Terror on LoCs because it is both free and it </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">causes Sabotage, but cannot since Terror requires underground guer-</p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">rillas and all guerrillas on LoCs were Activated by the Government </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt">Patrol operation.</p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt">FARC will start its Terror Operation in Huila. Flip one guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">to show its Active side. Find and place a “Terror” counter into the </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:393.8pt">department. Next, place a “Passive Opposition” counter to cover </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:393.8pt">the “Neutral” box in Huila. Adjust the “Opposition + Bases” from </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:393.8pt">17 to 19 (Huila has a population of 2). Next, for the Kidnapping </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:393.8pt">Special Activity in Huila, the FARC targets the Cartel base and rolls </p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:393.8pt">a die—our first die roll of the game! The die roll result is a “2”. Sub-</p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:393.8pt">tract 2 Cartel Resources (from 3 to 1) and add 2 FARC Resources </p> +<p style="top:240.9pt;left:393.8pt">(from 4 to 6). Then subtract 1 FARC Resource for the cost of the </p> +<p style="top:254.7pt;left:393.8pt">Operation in that space (back from 6 to 5).</p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:393.8pt">FARC’s next target for Terror is the department of Cesar. Flip the </p> +<p style="top:291.2pt;left:393.8pt">guerrilla to show its Active side, place a Terror and a Passive Op-</p> +<p style="top:304.9pt;left:393.8pt">position counter. Adjust “Opposition + Bases” from 19 to 20 and </p> +<p style="top:318.7pt;left:393.8pt">FARC Resources from 5 to 4.</p> +<p style="top:341.4pt;left:393.8pt">FARC next targets Antioquia. Flip the guerrilla to show its Active </p> +<p style="top:355.2pt;left:393.8pt">side, place a Terror and a Passive Opposition counter. Adjust “Op-</p> +<p style="top:368.9pt;left:393.8pt">position + Bases” from 20 to 22 (Population of 2 in Antioquia) and </p> +<p style="top:382.7pt;left:393.8pt">FARC Resources from 4 to 3.</p> +<p style="top:405.4pt;left:393.8pt">Next up for Terror is Arauca. Flip the guerrilla to show its Active </p> +<p style="top:419.2pt;left:393.8pt">side, place a Terror and a Passive Opposition counter. Adjust “Op-</p> +<p style="top:432.9pt;left:393.8pt">position + Bases” from 22 to 23 and FARC Resources from 3 to 2. </p> +<p style="top:446.7pt;left:393.8pt">FARC will also Kidnap in Arauca, targeting the Cartel base. A die is </p> +<p style="top:460.4pt;left:393.8pt">still rolled even though the Cartels have only 1 Resource because if </p> +<p style="top:474.2pt;left:393.8pt">a “6” is rolled, an AUC guerrilla may be placed in the area. The die </p> +<p style="top:487.9pt;left:393.8pt">roll is a “4”, however, so the only effect is the Cartels lose their last </p> +<p style="top:501.7pt;left:393.8pt">Resource and FARC gains that one Resource (from 2 to 3)—FARC </p> +<p style="top:515.4pt;left:393.8pt">doesn’t gain 4 even though a 4 was rolled because the Cartels don’t </p> +<p style="top:529.2pt;left:393.8pt">have 4 Resources to give.</p> +<p style="top:551.9pt;left:393.8pt">FARC turns its attention to the city of Neiva. Flip the guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:565.7pt;left:393.8pt">to show its Active side, place a Terror counter and flip the Active </p> +<p style="top:579.4pt;left:393.8pt">Support counter over to its Passive Support side. Adjust the “Total </p> +<p style="top:593.2pt;left:393.8pt">Support” from 56 to 55 and FARC Resources from 3 to 2.</p> +<p style="top:615.9pt;left:393.8pt">Finally, FARC resolves a Terror Operation in Pasto. Flip the guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:629.7pt;left:393.8pt">to show its Active side, place a Terror counter and flip the Active </p> +<p style="top:643.4pt;left:393.8pt">Support counter over to its Passive Support side. Adjust the “Total </p> +<p style="top:657.2pt;left:393.8pt">Support” from 55 to 54 and FARC Resources from 2 to 1.</p> +<p style="top:679.9pt;left:393.8pt">FARC would like to carry out Kidnapping against the Govern-</p> +<p style="top:693.7pt;left:393.8pt">ment, but can only do so in a City or LoC where FARC guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:707.4pt;left:393.8pt">outnumber Police. Neither Pasto </p> +<p style="top:721.2pt;left:393.8pt">nor Neiva qualify.</p> +<p style="top:743.9pt;left:393.8pt">Place FARC’s Eligibility counter </p> +<p style="top:757.7pt;left:393.8pt">into the “Op + Special Activity” </p> +<p style="top:771.4pt;left:393.8pt">box on the Sequence of Play </p> +<p style="top:785.2pt;left:393.8pt">display.</p> +<p style="top:807.9pt;left:393.8pt">The Government will now carry </p> +<p style="top:821.7pt;left:393.8pt">out the unshaded portion of the </p> +<p style="top:835.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Colombia Nueva</i> event. The </p> +<p style="top:849.2pt;left:393.8pt">Government shifts Pasto back </p> +<p style="top:862.9pt;left:393.8pt">from Passive Support to Active </p> +<p style="top:876.7pt;left:393.8pt">Support and gains +3 Resources </p> +<p style="top:890.4pt;left:393.8pt">(from 16 to 19). Adjust the “Total </p> +<p style="top:904.2pt;left:393.8pt">Support” from 54 back to 55. </p> +<p style="top:917.9pt;left:393.8pt">Place the Government Eligibil-</p> +<p style="top:900.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>FARC Terror in the cities of Pasto and Neiva, and in the Department </i></b></p> +<p style="top:914.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>of Huila.</i></b></p> +</div> + +<div id="page13" style="background-image:url('playbook13.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>13</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">ity cylinder into the “LimOp or </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">Event” box on the Sequence of </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">Play display.</p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:56.2pt">Draw <i>Propaganda!</i> on top of </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Colombia Nueva,</i> and reveal the </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:56.2pt">next card: #45, <i>Los Derechos </i></p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Humanos!</i></p> +<p style="top:181.2pt;left:56.2pt"><b><i>Important: </i></b>Unless using the </p> +<p style="top:194.9pt;left:56.2pt">“No Reveal Option” (2.2), only </p> +<p style="top:208.7pt;left:56.2pt">Limited Operations may be con-</p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:56.2pt">ducted when resolving the card </p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:56.2pt">immediately preceding the final </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:56.2pt">Propaganda Card of the game </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:56.2pt">(2.3.9)!</p> +<p style="top:286.4pt;left:69.8pt"><b><i>STOP.</i></b><i> Please stop here and read sections 6.0 through 7.3 </i></p> +<p style="top:300.2pt;left:69.8pt"><i>before continuing.</i></p> +<p style="top:378.5pt;left:56.2pt">Place the “Prop Card” counter on the “Victory?” space of the Pro-</p> +<p style="top:392.3pt;left:56.2pt">paganda Card track on the Sequence of Play display. During this </p> +<p style="top:406.0pt;left:56.2pt">phase, we check to see if any faction has won the game. At this </p> +<p style="top:419.8pt;left:56.2pt">time no faction has met their victory condition. Just for grins, let’s </p> +<p style="top:433.5pt;left:56.2pt">look at the current victory margin for each faction (how close the </p> +<p style="top:447.3pt;left:56.2pt">Factions are to winning):</p> +<p style="top:470.0pt;left:56.2pt">The Government has 55 Total Support for a victory margin of –5 </p> +<p style="top:483.8pt;left:56.2pt">(55 – 60 = –5). The Cartels have 0 Resources and only 7 bases on </p> +<p style="top:497.5pt;left:56.2pt">the map for a victory margin of –40 (0 – 40 = –40)—not even close! </p> +<p style="top:511.3pt;left:56.2pt">The AUC has 1 base on the map compared with 5 FARC bases for a </p> +<p style="top:525.0pt;left:56.2pt">victory margin of –4 (1 – 5 = –4). FARC has 23 Opposition + Bases </p> +<p style="top:538.8pt;left:56.2pt">for a victory margin of –2 (23 – 25 = –2). So right now, FARC is in </p> +<p style="top:552.5pt;left:56.2pt">first place; AUC is a close second; Government is not far behind in </p> +<p style="top:566.3pt;left:56.2pt">third place; and the Cartels lag far behind in fourth place.</p> +<p style="top:589.0pt;left:56.2pt">Move the “Prop Card” counter to the next space on the Propaganda </p> +<p style="top:602.8pt;left:56.2pt">Card track, the “Control” space. Control only matters for the FARC </p> +<p style="top:616.5pt;left:56.2pt">and the Government. FARC controls a space that has more FARC </p> +<p style="top:630.3pt;left:56.2pt">pieces than all other factions put together. Similarly, the Govern-</p> +<p style="top:644.0pt;left:56.2pt">ment controls all spaces where the Government has more pieces </p> +<p style="top:657.8pt;left:56.2pt">than all other factions. Furthermore, control is mainly applicable in </p> +<p style="top:671.5pt;left:56.2pt">departments and cities with a population of 1 or more—not LoCs </p> +<p style="top:685.3pt;left:56.2pt">or 0-Population departments.</p> +<p style="top:708.0pt;left:56.2pt">Currently the Government controls the following spaces: Santa </p> +<p style="top:721.8pt;left:56.2pt">Marta, Sincelejo, Bucaramanga, Santander, Bogotá, Ibagué, Neiva, </p> +<p style="top:735.5pt;left:56.2pt">and Cali. Place a control counter on the “Government Control” side </p> +<p style="top:749.3pt;left:56.2pt">in each of these spaces. </p> +<p style="top:772.0pt;left:56.2pt">FARC currently controls: Cesar, Nariño, and Guaviare. Place a </p> +<p style="top:785.8pt;left:56.2pt">control counter on the “FARC Control” side in each of these spaces. </p> +<p style="top:799.5pt;left:56.2pt">Next, if FARC controls any cities, a Sabotage counter is placed on </p> +<p style="top:813.3pt;left:56.2pt">each un-sabotaged LoC connected to those cities. FARC, however, </p> +<p style="top:827.0pt;left:56.2pt">does not control any cities at this time. Similarly, a Sabotage counter </p> +<p style="top:840.8pt;left:56.2pt">is placed on each un-sabotaged LoC with more guerrillas (of any </p> +<p style="top:854.5pt;left:56.2pt">combination of factions) than cubes. Right now there is no such </p> +<p style="top:868.3pt;left:56.2pt">LoC.</p> +<p style="top:891.0pt;left:56.2pt">Move the “Prop Card” counter over to the “Resources” space of the </p> +<p style="top:904.8pt;left:56.2pt">Propaganda Card track on the Sequence of Play display. During this </p> +<p style="top:918.5pt;left:56.2pt">phase, each faction will collect Resources:</p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">The Government will collect 1 Resource for each un-sabotaged LoC. </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">The sum total economic value of all LoCs is 30 so the easy way to </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">calculate this is simply to subtract the economic value of each sabo-</p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt">taged LoC from 30. There are two 3-Econ LoCs which are marked </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:393.8pt">with a Sabotage counter so the Government gains +24 Resources </p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:393.8pt">(30 – 6 = 24). Increase the Government’s Resources from 19 to 43. </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:393.8pt">Ordinarily the Government would also gain a number of Resources </p> +<p style="top:163.2pt;left:393.8pt">equal to the number the “Aid” counter is covering on the numbered </p> +<p style="top:176.9pt;left:393.8pt">track (currently the Government has 9 Aid). But when Samper is <i>El </i></p> +<p style="top:190.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Presidente,</i> the Government does not receive Aid.</p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:393.8pt">FARC and the AUC receive 1 Resource for each base they have on </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:393.8pt">the map. AUC, therefore, receives 1 Resource. Increase the AUC’s </p> +<p style="top:240.9pt;left:393.8pt">Resources from 10 to 11. FARC has 5 bases on the map so adjust </p> +<p style="top:254.7pt;left:393.8pt">FARC Resources from 1 to 6.</p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:393.8pt">The Cartels gain 3 Resources for each base they have on the map. </p> +<p style="top:291.2pt;left:393.8pt">Cartels have 7 bases on the map so the Cartels gain 21 Resources. </p> +<p style="top:304.9pt;left:393.8pt">Adjust Cartel Resources from 0 to 21.</p> +<p style="top:327.7pt;left:393.8pt">Move the “Prop Card” counter over to the “Support” space of the </p> +<p style="top:341.4pt;left:393.8pt">Propaganda Card track on the Sequence of Play display. During </p> +<p style="top:355.2pt;left:393.8pt">this Phase, the Government and FARC can engage in Civic Ac-</p> +<p style="top:368.9pt;left:393.8pt">tions and Agitation (respectively) in order to improve Support </p> +<p style="top:382.7pt;left:393.8pt">and degrade Opposition(Government), or degrade Support and </p> +<p style="top:396.4pt;left:393.8pt">improve Opposition (FARC). In order to conduct Civic Actions, </p> +<p style="top:410.2pt;left:393.8pt">the Government must have control, troops, and police. In order to </p> +<p style="top:423.9pt;left:393.8pt">conduct Agitation, FARC must have control.</p> +<p style="top:446.7pt;left:393.8pt">First, the Government will conduct Civic Actions in Neiva. It costs </p> +<p style="top:460.4pt;left:393.8pt">3 Resources (from 43 to 40) to remove the Terror counter. Once all </p> +<p style="top:474.2pt;left:393.8pt">Terror counters are removed, the Government can spend more Re-</p> +<p style="top:487.9pt;left:393.8pt">sources to adjust Support. The Government spends 3 more Resources </p> +<p style="top:501.7pt;left:393.8pt">(from 40 to 37) to improve Support in Neiva from Passive to Active </p> +<p style="top:515.4pt;left:393.8pt">Support. Adjust “Total Support” from 55 to 56.</p> +<p style="top:538.2pt;left:393.8pt">Next, FARC Agitates in Cesar. It costs 1 Resource for FARC to </p> +<p style="top:551.9pt;left:393.8pt">remove each Terror counter. FARC spends 1 Resource (from 6 to 5) </p> +<p style="top:565.7pt;left:393.8pt">to remove the single Terror counter from Cesar. FARC will spend 1 </p> +<p style="top:579.4pt;left:393.8pt">more Resource (from 5 to 4) to improve Opposition from Passive </p> +<p style="top:593.2pt;left:393.8pt">to Active Opposition. Adjust the “Opposition + Bases” counter </p> +<p style="top:606.9pt;left:393.8pt">from 23 to 24.</p> +<p style="top:844.8pt;left:393.8pt">The next thing we do in the Support phase is conduct the Election. </p> +<p style="top:858.5pt;left:393.8pt">Support is less than 60, so move the El Presidente counter one box </p> +<p style="top:872.3pt;left:393.8pt">to the right to show the new Presidente is Pastrana. One effect of </p> +<p style="top:886.0pt;left:393.8pt">Pastrana’s election is that a FARC Zone counter must be placed. </p> +<p style="top:899.8pt;left:393.8pt">FARC Zone counters must be placed into the space containing the </p> +<p style="top:913.5pt;left:393.8pt">most FARC pieces. Guaviare has the most FARC pieces so the </p> +</div> + +<div id="page14" style="background-image:url('playbook14.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>14</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">FARC Zone counter is placed into that department. Any Government </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">pieces in a space receiving a FARC Zone counter must immediately </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">redeploy. Presently there are no Government pieces in Guaviare so </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:56.2pt">no redeployment is necessary. The Government will not be able to </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:56.2pt">place any of its pieces into the department of Guaviare so long as a </p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:56.2pt">FARC Zone counter is in that space.</p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:56.2pt">The last thing we do in the Support Phase is conduct “Elite Back-</p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:56.2pt">ing” (see 6.4.4). The AUC now has the opportunity to conduct a </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:56.2pt">free Rally in any one space that is not marked with an Opposition </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:56.2pt">(Active or Passive) nor a Control counter (Government or FARC). </p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:56.2pt">The AUC will opt to remove two of its Guerillas from Atlántico and </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:56.2pt">place one AUC Base into one of the two empty “Base” spaces in </p> +<p style="top:240.9pt;left:56.2pt">that department. Take the AUC Base from the “2” space on the AUC </p> +<p style="top:254.7pt;left:56.2pt">Bases track. Place the removed Guerrillas back into the Available </p> +<p style="top:268.4pt;left:56.2pt">AUC Guerrillas box. This does not cost the AUC any Resources </p> +<p style="top:282.2pt;left:56.2pt">since this is a “Free” Operation.</p> +<p style="top:304.9pt;left:56.2pt">Move the “Prop Card” counter over to the “Redeploy” space of the </p> +<p style="top:318.7pt;left:56.2pt">Propaganda Card track on the Sequence of Play display. During this </p> +<p style="top:332.4pt;left:56.2pt">phase all Government Troops (not Police) on LoCs or in departments </p> +<p style="top:346.2pt;left:56.2pt">without a Government base must redeploy to either a Government-</p> +<p style="top:359.9pt;left:56.2pt">controlled city or a Government-controlled department containing </p> +<p style="top:373.7pt;left:56.2pt">a Government base. If no such space exists, Troops can Redeploy </p> +<p style="top:387.4pt;left:56.2pt">to Bogotá. All 3 Troops in Chocó Redeploy to Ibagué. The Troop </p> +<p style="top:401.2pt;left:56.2pt">cube on the Pasto-Neiva road Redeploys to Neiva. All 3 Troop cubes </p> +<p style="top:414.9pt;left:56.2pt">on the LoCs connected to Bogotá Redeploy to Bogotá. Finally, one </p> +<p style="top:428.7pt;left:56.2pt">Troop cube from Bucaramanga will Redeploy to Santander (this is </p> +<p style="top:442.4pt;left:56.2pt">an optional Redeployment; not a mandatory one like the previous </p> +<p style="top:456.2pt;left:56.2pt">series of Re-deployments).</p> +<p style="top:478.9pt;left:56.2pt">During the Redeploy phase, any and all Police cubes on the map </p> +<p style="top:492.7pt;left:56.2pt">may Redeploy to any LoCs or Government-controlled spaces. One </p> +<p style="top:506.4pt;left:56.2pt">Police cube in Cali Redeploys to the Pasto-Neiva road. One Police </p> +<p style="top:520.2pt;left:56.2pt">cube in Cali Redeploys to the Neiva-Bogotá pipeline. One Police </p> +<p style="top:533.9pt;left:56.2pt">cube in Bogotá Redeploys to the Bogotá-Yopal pipeline. All other </p> +<p style="top:547.7pt;left:56.2pt">Police remain in place.</p> +<p style="top:570.4pt;left:56.2pt">Move the “Prop Card” counter over to the “Reset” space of the Propa-</p> +<p style="top:584.2pt;left:56.2pt">ganda Card track on the Sequence of Play display. During this phase </p> +<p style="top:597.9pt;left:56.2pt">all factions have their Eligibility cylinder placed into the Eligible box </p> +<p style="top:611.7pt;left:56.2pt">on the Sequence of Play. All Terror, Sabotage, and Control counters </p> +<p style="top:625.4pt;left:56.2pt">are removed from the map. Any Insurgent Momentum cards in play </p> +<p style="top:639.2pt;left:56.2pt">are discarded (none are currently in play). Finally, all guerrillas on </p> +<p style="top:652.9pt;left:56.2pt">the map are flipped to their underground side.</p> +<p style="top:675.7pt;left:56.2pt">Draw <i>Los Derechos Humanos</i> on top of the Propaganda card and </p> +<p style="top:689.4pt;left:56.2pt">reveal the next card: #45, <i>Raúl Reyes.</i></p> +<p style="top:712.2pt;left:56.2pt">We’ll conclude this tutorial by resolving the <i>Los Derechos Humanos</i> </p> +<p style="top:725.9pt;left:56.2pt">card. The AUC is the 1st Eligible faction on this card. Wanting to </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">reestablish neutrality in several spaces as well as harm the FARC </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">bases, the AUC decides to conduct a Terror Operation in Antioquia, </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">Arauca, and Huila. The AUC will also conduct an <b>Assassinate </b></p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Special Activity.</b></p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:407.2pt"><b><i>STOP. </i></b><i>Please stop here and read section 4.4.2 before con-</i></p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:407.2pt"><i>tinuing.</i></p> +<p style="top:167.4pt;left:393.8pt">The first AUC target is Antioquia. Flip 1 AUC guerrilla in Antioquia </p> +<p style="top:181.2pt;left:393.8pt">over to its Active side. Place 1 Terror counter and remove the Passive </p> +<p style="top:194.9pt;left:393.8pt">Opposition counter from the department. Adjust the “Opposition + </p> +<p style="top:208.7pt;left:393.8pt">Bases” from 24 to 22. Next, the AUC Assassinates in Antioquia, </p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:393.8pt">killing the lone FARC guerrilla. </p> +<p style="top:245.2pt;left:393.8pt">Next, the AUC conducts Terror in Arauca. Flip 1 AUC guerrilla in </p> +<p style="top:258.9pt;left:393.8pt">the department over to its Active side. Place 1 Terror counter and </p> +<p style="top:272.7pt;left:393.8pt">remove the Passive Opposition counter from the department. Adjust </p> +<p style="top:286.4pt;left:393.8pt">the “Opposition + Bases” from 22 to 21. Next, the AUC Assassinates </p> +<p style="top:300.2pt;left:393.8pt">in Arauca, killing the lone FARC guerrilla.</p> +<p style="top:322.9pt;left:393.8pt">Finally, the AUC conducts Terror in Huila. Flip the AUC guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:336.7pt;left:393.8pt">in the department over to its Active side. Place 1 Terror counter </p> +<p style="top:350.4pt;left:393.8pt">and remove the Passive Opposition counter from the department. </p> +<p style="top:364.2pt;left:393.8pt">Adjust the “Opposition + Bases” from 21 to 19. Next, the AUC As-</p> +<p style="top:377.9pt;left:393.8pt">sassinates in Huila. For this Assassination Special Activity the AUC </p> +<p style="top:391.7pt;left:393.8pt">will remove the lone FARC Base. Note that this IS possible even </p> +<p style="top:405.4pt;left:393.8pt">though there are FARC guerrillas in the space—ANY enemy piece </p> +<p style="top:419.2pt;left:393.8pt">in the location where an Assassination takes place can be eliminated! </p> +<p style="top:432.9pt;left:393.8pt">Place the FARC base back on the “5” space of the FARC Bases track. </p> +<p style="top:446.7pt;left:393.8pt">Adjust the “Opposition + Bases” from 19 to 18. </p> +<p style="top:469.4pt;left:393.8pt">Because the AUC conducted Terror in more than 1 space, the Govern-</p> +<p style="top:483.2pt;left:393.8pt">ment loses 5 Aid points (adjust from 9 to 4). Finally, the AUC has </p> +<p style="top:496.9pt;left:393.8pt">to pay for all this destruction! Adjust AUC Resources from 11 to 8. </p> +<p style="top:510.7pt;left:393.8pt">Place the AUC Eligibility cylinder into the “Op + Special Activity” </p> +<p style="top:524.4pt;left:393.8pt">box on the Sequence of Play display.</p> +<p style="top:547.2pt;left:393.8pt">By this time, you should have a pretty good understanding of the </p> +<p style="top:560.9pt;left:393.8pt">game. There are a few rules, however, that we were unable to ad-</p> +<p style="top:574.7pt;left:393.8pt">dress in this tutorial. We recommend that you read rule section 4.5 </p> +<p style="top:588.4pt;left:393.8pt">through 4.5.3 and all of section 5. </p> +<p style="top:611.2pt;left:393.8pt">Section 8 of the rulebook contains the Non-Player rules for solitaire </p> +<p style="top:624.9pt;left:393.8pt">play or for games with less than four players. We strongly recom-</p> +<p style="top:638.7pt;left:393.8pt">mend that you learn the game’s core mechanics (sections 1-7) before </p> +<p style="top:652.4pt;left:393.8pt">attempting to implement the Non-Player rules.</p> +<p style="top:675.2pt;left:407.2pt"><b><i>GO!</i></b><i> Please feel free to continue the game from this point! </i></p> +<p style="top:688.9pt;left:407.2pt"><i>FARC is 2nd Eligible to play on </i>“Los Derechos Humanos.”<i> </i></p> +<p style="top:702.7pt;left:407.2pt"><i>Have fun!</i></p> +</div> + +<div id="page15" style="background-image:url('playbook15.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>15</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">GUIDE TO COIN OPERATIONS</span></b></p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Strategy Notes for the Government</b></p> +<p style="top:110.6pt;left:56.2pt">by Joel Toppen</p> +<p style="top:133.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Here is an introduction to the forces and some key actions available </i></p> +<p style="top:147.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>to the Government Faction.</i></p> +<p style="top:173.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Troops </b></p> +<p style="top:189.6pt;left:99.4pt">Troops are your workhorses. They’re going to do all the </p> +<p style="top:203.4pt;left:99.4pt">heavy lifting for you. Essentially, Troops are your pieces </p> +<p style="top:217.1pt;left:99.4pt">that can be moved into spaces to search (Sweep) and de-</p> +<p style="top:230.9pt;left:56.2pt">stroy (Assault) Insurgent Guerrillas and Bases. </p> +<p style="top:253.6pt;left:56.2pt">Troops are brought into the game through the Train Operation. </p> +<p style="top:267.4pt;left:56.2pt">Troops can move via:</p> +<p style="top:285.6pt;left:56.2pt"><b>• Sweep Operation</b>—into an adjacent City or Department to find </p> +<p style="top:299.4pt;left:67.5pt">(Activate) Insurgent Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:316.7pt;left:56.3pt"><b>• Patrol Operation</b>—into and/or along LoCs to find (Activate) </p> +<p style="top:330.5pt;left:67.5pt">Insurgent Guerrillas and perhaps kill them in one such space.</p> +<p style="top:347.8pt;left:56.3pt"><b>• Airlift Special Activity</b>—any 3 troops (unlimited with <i>Black-</i></p> +<p style="top:361.6pt;left:67.5pt"><i>hawks</i> Government Capability) move from anywhere to anywhere </p> +<p style="top:375.3pt;left:67.5pt">on the map. Do not underestimate the effectiveness of this Special </p> +<p style="top:389.1pt;left:67.5pt">Activity! </p> +<p style="top:411.8pt;left:56.2pt">Troops kill Insurgent Guerrillas via the Assault Operation, but only </p> +<p style="top:425.6pt;left:56.2pt">Active guerillas.</p> +<p style="top:448.3pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas must be Activated by a Sweep (or some action they them-</p> +<p style="top:462.1pt;left:56.2pt">selves undertook) before Government Troops can eliminate them. </p> +<p style="top:484.8pt;left:56.2pt">Also, through their presence, Troops can project Government control </p> +<p style="top:498.6pt;left:56.2pt">of a space in a Control Phase of a Propaganda card. But, and this is </p> +<p style="top:512.3pt;left:56.2pt">important, by themselves, Troops cannot alter Support/Opposition </p> +<p style="top:526.1pt;left:56.2pt">status in an area. They need Police support to effect that. In the </p> +<p style="top:539.8pt;left:56.2pt">Redeploy Phase, Troops in a LoC or Department space without a </p> +<p style="top:553.6pt;left:56.2pt">Government Base must deploy out of that area (even if that space </p> +<p style="top:567.3pt;left:56.2pt">is Government controlled). Thus their staying power outside a City </p> +<p style="top:581.1pt;left:56.2pt">is limited. </p> +<p style="top:603.8pt;left:56.2pt">Lastly, Troops, by their presence in a space, can inhibit the ability </p> +<p style="top:617.6pt;left:56.2pt">of the AUC and FARC to make use of the Extort Special Action. </p> +<p style="top:631.3pt;left:56.2pt">Also, when positioned with Support or on a LoC, Troops can spot </p> +<p style="top:645.1pt;left:56.2pt">(Activate) marching Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:671.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Police </b></p> +<p style="top:687.6pt;left:99.4pt">Police are very, very important Government pieces. While </p> +<p style="top:701.3pt;left:99.4pt">much less mobile than Troops, Police give the Government </p> +<p style="top:715.1pt;left:99.4pt">player crucial positional staying power. </p> +<p style="top:737.8pt;left:56.2pt">Here’s what Police do for you: </p> +<p style="top:756.1pt;left:56.2pt">• Police cannot move with Troops on a Sweep (unless the <i>National </i></p> +<p style="top:769.8pt;left:67.5pt"><i>Defense & Security Council</i> Government Capability is in play). </p> +<p style="top:783.6pt;left:67.5pt">But they can, if already positioned in the space, assist the Troops </p> +<p style="top:797.3pt;left:67.5pt">in the space being swept. Police cubes count when factoring the </p> +<p style="top:811.1pt;left:67.5pt">effect of a Sweep. </p> +<p style="top:828.4pt;left:56.3pt">• Police inhibit the ability of the Cartels to use the Cultivate Special </p> +<p style="top:842.2pt;left:67.5pt">Action. Police can also inhibit FARC from using the Kidnapping </p> +<p style="top:855.9pt;left:67.5pt">Special Action. Like Troops, Police on LoCs or in spaces with </p> +<p style="top:869.7pt;left:67.5pt">Support can spot (Activate) marching Guerrillas (very important to </p> +<p style="top:883.4pt;left:67.5pt">protect the Cities), and inhibit FARC and the AUC from Extorting </p> +<p style="top:897.2pt;left:67.5pt">in a space. </p> +<p style="top:914.5pt;left:56.3pt">• Police can be used to Patrol LoCs to activate Guerrillas on LoCs, </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:405.0pt">and even conduct an Assault on a LoC as a part of the Sweep. </p> +<p style="top:84.3pt;left:393.8pt">• Within Cities, Police can participate in an Assault. </p> +<p style="top:101.6pt;left:393.8pt">• Police, like Troops, can protect a Government Base from Attack </p> +<p style="top:115.4pt;left:405.0pt">(cubes must be removed before a Base is removed). </p> +<p style="top:138.1pt;left:393.8pt">So far they probably don’t sound terribly useful to the player. There </p> +<p style="top:151.9pt;left:393.8pt">is, however, one crucial role Police have that makes them indispens-</p> +<p style="top:165.6pt;left:393.8pt">able: Police enable the Government player to conduct Civic Actions </p> +<p style="top:179.4pt;left:393.8pt">during a Propaganda card, and also as part of a Train Operation. </p> +<p style="top:202.1pt;left:393.8pt">Civic Action is the means by which the Government player degrades </p> +<p style="top:215.9pt;left:393.8pt">Opposition and/or adds/improves Support—necessary to fulfill the </p> +<p style="top:229.6pt;left:393.8pt">Government victory conditions. At least 1 Police cube is required </p> +<p style="top:243.4pt;left:393.8pt">to conduct Civic Action in a Propaganda Phase or as a postscript </p> +<p style="top:257.1pt;left:393.8pt">to a Train Operation. </p> +<p style="top:279.9pt;left:393.8pt">Police cannot move by Airlift or (usually) Sweep. They can only </p> +<p style="top:293.6pt;left:393.8pt">be moved onto LoCs and/or Cities from an adjacent space during a </p> +<p style="top:307.4pt;left:393.8pt">Patrol. If LoCs are free of Insurgent Guerrillas, Police can continue </p> +<p style="top:321.1pt;left:393.8pt">to move from LoC to LoC and City to LoC, etc., until a guerrilla is </p> +<p style="top:334.9pt;left:393.8pt">encountered or the player chooses to stop moving. But getting Police </p> +<p style="top:348.6pt;left:393.8pt">into Departments is not quite as simple and requires some planning. </p> +<p style="top:362.4pt;left:393.8pt">So how do you get Police to where you need them without using a </p> +<p style="top:376.1pt;left:393.8pt">Patrol Operation? There are two methods principally: </p> +<p style="top:398.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Training—</b>You can get Police into a space where they are needed by </p> +<p style="top:412.6pt;left:393.8pt">simply undertaking the Train Operation and Training Police in that </p> +<p style="top:426.4pt;left:393.8pt">space. For Cities, this is not a problem as you can Train in any City. </p> +<p style="top:440.1pt;left:393.8pt">Training in a Department, however, requires a bit of planning. </p> +<p style="top:462.9pt;left:393.8pt">In order to place cubes by Training in a Department, you must have </p> +<p style="top:476.6pt;left:393.8pt">a Base there. In order to get a Base into that Department, you must </p> +<p style="top:490.4pt;left:393.8pt">first have three cubes in that Department. OK, so how do you get </p> +<p style="top:504.1pt;left:393.8pt">cubes into a Department so you can place a Base? Typically, you will </p> +<p style="top:517.9pt;left:393.8pt">undertake a Sweep Operation to move Troops into a Department. </p> +<p style="top:531.6pt;left:393.8pt">You could also use the Airlift Special Activity to fly an additional </p> +<p style="top:545.4pt;left:393.8pt">3 Troops there. Then, in a subsequent turn, you undertake a Train </p> +<p style="top:559.1pt;left:393.8pt">Operation in that Department, only you don’t place cubes; instead, </p> +<p style="top:572.9pt;left:393.8pt">you remove 3 cubes and place a Base. </p> +<p style="top:595.6pt;left:393.8pt">Once you have a Base, in a future turn, you can Train and place </p> +<p style="top:609.4pt;left:393.8pt">Police into that Department. If you have Troops and Police and more </p> +<p style="top:623.1pt;left:393.8pt">Government pieces than any other Faction in that Department, you </p> +<p style="top:636.9pt;left:393.8pt">may also pay for Civic Action in order to improve Support (even </p> +<p style="top:650.6pt;left:393.8pt">without a Base). </p> +<p style="top:673.4pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Redeploy</b>—During the Redeploy Phase of a Propaganda card, the </p> +<p style="top:687.1pt;left:393.8pt">Government player can reposition any and all of his Police to any </p> +<p style="top:700.9pt;left:393.8pt">LoCs or any space with Government Control.</p> +<p style="top:723.6pt;left:393.8pt">Adjacency does not apply during this Phase, so this is a very pow-</p> +<p style="top:737.4pt;left:393.8pt">erful opportunity to move otherwise less-mobile Police around the </p> +<p style="top:751.1pt;left:393.8pt">board. The player must plan very carefully here lest he be forced to </p> +<p style="top:764.9pt;left:393.8pt">waste Resources and Operational tempo later on. </p> +<p style="top:787.6pt;left:393.8pt">And so, in short, the Government player may reposition his Police </p> +<p style="top:801.4pt;left:393.8pt">preemptively and for free during the Redeploy Phase. The Govern-</p> +<p style="top:815.1pt;left:393.8pt">ment player may place new Police reactively and for a considerable </p> +<p style="top:828.9pt;left:393.8pt">cost in Resources when undertaking a Train Operation during an </p> +<p style="top:842.6pt;left:393.8pt">event card play. Police enable the Government to gain precious </p> +<p style="top:856.4pt;left:393.8pt">support necessary to fulfilling his victory conditions. This then, will </p> +<p style="top:870.1pt;left:393.8pt">likely free up Troops to deploy elsewhere against Insurgents. Police </p> +<p style="top:883.9pt;left:393.8pt">give the Government player staying power. </p> +</div> + +<div id="page16" style="background-image:url('playbook16.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>16</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Bases </b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:115.7pt">Bases are crucial to Government success in that they </p> +<p style="top:96.8pt;left:115.7pt">provide the only means by which the Government </p> +<p style="top:110.5pt;left:115.7pt">player can maintain a constant Troop presence in the </p> +<p style="top:124.2pt;left:115.7pt">countryside. The Government player has only three </p> +<p style="top:138.0pt;left:56.2pt">Bases they can establish. Don’t waste them! </p> +<p style="top:160.8pt;left:56.2pt">Where do you need Bases? You need them in Departments. You </p> +<p style="top:174.5pt;left:56.2pt">do not need them in Cities. Why? Cities, are de facto Bases. Bases </p> +<p style="top:188.3pt;left:56.2pt">enable the player to Train Troops and/or Police in that space. Since </p> +<p style="top:202.0pt;left:56.2pt">you an already do that in a City, you do not need to give up three </p> +<p style="top:215.8pt;left:56.2pt">cubes and use one of your three Base pieces there! The only good </p> +<p style="top:229.5pt;left:56.2pt">a Base will do the Government in a City is deny the ability to place </p> +<p style="top:243.3pt;left:56.2pt">a Base in that City to one of the Insurgent Factions. But since the </p> +<p style="top:257.0pt;left:56.2pt">Government only has three Bases with which to work, this seems </p> +<p style="top:270.8pt;left:56.2pt">to be a wasted use of a Base. </p> +<p style="top:293.5pt;left:56.2pt">Why do you need Bases? You need Bases in order to Train Police </p> +<p style="top:307.3pt;left:56.2pt">and Troops in a Department. In order to decrease Opposition and </p> +<p style="top:321.0pt;left:56.2pt">increase Support for the Government, the Government player must </p> +<p style="top:334.8pt;left:56.2pt">undertake Civic Actions either in conjunction with a Train Operation </p> +<p style="top:348.5pt;left:56.2pt">or during a Propaganda card. In order to undertake a Civic Action, </p> +<p style="top:362.2pt;left:56.2pt">one or more Police must be in that space. In order to get Police into </p> +<p style="top:376.0pt;left:56.2pt">a Department where there are presently no Police, they must usually </p> +<p style="top:389.8pt;left:56.2pt">be Trained there. To be Trained there, you need a Base. </p> +<p style="top:412.5pt;left:56.2pt">Bases also allow Troops to remain in a Department during the </p> +<p style="top:426.2pt;left:56.2pt">Redeploy Phase of a Propaganda card. And so if the Government </p> +<p style="top:440.0pt;left:56.2pt">player is still fighting to wrest control of a Department from an </p> +<p style="top:453.8pt;left:56.2pt">Insurgent faction when a Propaganda card is resolved, the presence </p> +<p style="top:467.5pt;left:56.2pt">of a Base in that Department allows the Government player to keep </p> +<p style="top:481.2pt;left:56.2pt">his Troops in the field. </p> +<p style="top:504.0pt;left:56.2pt">So there you have it! Bases are one more important cog in the </p> +<p style="top:517.8pt;left:56.2pt">Government’s machinery. </p> +<p style="top:547.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">ROLE SUMMARIES </span></b></p> +<p style="top:574.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Government </b></p> +<p style="top:590.6pt;left:96.4pt"><b>Situation. </b>Colombia is at the edge of abyss. Illegal armed </p> +<p style="top:604.4pt;left:96.4pt">groups—flush with drug money—are multiplying in the </p> +<p style="top:618.1pt;left:96.4pt">countryside. Terror, sabotage, assassination, and kidnapping </p> +<p style="top:631.9pt;left:56.2pt">have reached alarming rates, and little of the rural population sup-</p> +<p style="top:645.6pt;left:56.2pt">ports the national Government. Only a full-out, whole-of-Govern-</p> +<p style="top:659.4pt;left:56.2pt">ment counterinsurgency (COIN) campaign can restore law and </p> +<p style="top:673.1pt;left:56.2pt">order to your nation. </p> +<p style="top:695.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Goal. </b>Expand the Government’s legitimacy throughout the country. </p> +<p style="top:709.6pt;left:56.2pt">The more population that supports you, the greater your chance to </p> +<p style="top:723.4pt;left:56.2pt">win. </p> +<p style="top:746.1pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Tools. </b>You can train forces to outnumber and assault the enemy </p> +<p style="top:759.9pt;left:56.2pt">with fearsome firepower. But guerrillas must first be flushed out </p> +<p style="top:773.6pt;left:56.2pt">from underground by sweeping cities or rural departments where </p> +<p style="top:787.4pt;left:56.2pt">they hide. Your troops are highly mobile by ground or air lift but </p> +<p style="top:801.1pt;left:56.2pt">must return to bases or city garrisons. Police—once established in </p> +<p style="top:814.9pt;left:56.2pt">a department—can stay. Police and troops together can conduct </p> +<p style="top:828.6pt;left:56.2pt">civic action to build your popular support. But COIN requires </p> +<p style="top:842.4pt;left:56.2pt">resources—be sure to control the country’s cities, pipelines, and </p> +<p style="top:856.1pt;left:56.2pt">other lines of communications and cultivate foreign aid to ensure </p> +<p style="top:869.9pt;left:56.2pt">your war chest remains full. </p> +<p style="top:892.6pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Deals. </b>It’s tempting to single-mindedly hammer the FARC and let </p> +<p style="top:906.4pt;left:56.2pt">the cartels and AUC do their thing, since FARC’s political interests </p> +<p style="top:920.1pt;left:56.2pt">directly oppose yours. But the smaller insurgents can quietly gain </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">momentum and win. Imagine a temporary truce in which you leave </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">FARC free to fight off the dread paramilitaries, while your eradica-</p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">tion of the Cartels’ fields helps FARC politically and fills your aid </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt">coffers. </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Tip.<i> </i></b>COIN is a gradual campaign—plan your territorial control and </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">civic action several operations ahead.</p> +<p style="top:170.9pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>FARC </b></p> +<p style="top:187.2pt;left:433.8pt"><b>Situation. </b>Colombia’s popular revolution is ready to tran-</p> +<p style="top:200.9pt;left:433.8pt">sition to the mobile phase. The Government has abandoned </p> +<p style="top:214.7pt;left:433.8pt">the countryside. Your revolutionary movement—the </p> +<p style="top:228.4pt;left:393.8pt">FARC—is drawing resources from Colombia’s drug economy. It’s </p> +<p style="top:242.2pt;left:393.8pt">time to move: rally your People’s Army and march on the strongholds </p> +<p style="top:255.9pt;left:393.8pt">of reaction! </p> +<p style="top:278.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Goal. </b>Build opposition to the Government to prepare its collapse. </p> +<p style="top:292.4pt;left:393.8pt">The more of the country’s population you can swing from support </p> +<p style="top:306.2pt;left:393.8pt">to opposition while sustaining your logistics, the better chance </p> +<p style="top:319.9pt;left:393.8pt">you’ll win. </p> +<p style="top:342.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Tools. </b>That probably will mean infiltrating cities with your guerril-</p> +<p style="top:356.4pt;left:393.8pt">las to agitate the bourgeoisie into uprising. Wherever you control </p> +<p style="top:370.2pt;left:393.8pt">the population by outnumbering all enemy forces with your fighters </p> +<p style="top:383.9pt;left:393.8pt">and logistical bases, you can agitate. Even where you can’t control </p> +<p style="top:397.7pt;left:393.8pt">territory, you can terrorize the populace into resenting Government </p> +<p style="top:411.4pt;left:393.8pt">fecklessness. To operate, you’ll need resources: extort controlled </p> +<p style="top:425.2pt;left:393.8pt">areas or kidnap and ransom resources away from wealthy drug lords </p> +<p style="top:438.9pt;left:393.8pt">or Government collaborators. If the Government or the reactionary </p> +<p style="top:452.7pt;left:393.8pt">paramilitaries come after you, ambush them first! </p> +<p style="top:475.4pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Deals. </b>You share the countryside with the cartels and can protect </p> +<p style="top:489.2pt;left:393.8pt">drug Bases by making the areas dangerous for troops or police. You </p> +<p style="top:502.9pt;left:393.8pt">share with your Insurgent enemies an interest in a weak Govern-</p> +<p style="top:516.7pt;left:393.8pt">ment—their terror can erode Government support and aid; you in </p> +<p style="top:530.4pt;left:393.8pt">turn can limit the growth of your logistical bases to placate the AUC. </p> +<p style="top:544.2pt;left:393.8pt">Even the Government may help you—giving you a pause to trim </p> +<p style="top:557.9pt;left:393.8pt">the AUC or Cartels when too strong or doing so itself. </p> +<p style="top:580.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Tip. </b>Strike the country’s lines of communications—they are the </p> +<p style="top:594.4pt;left:393.8pt">arteries of Government resources and maneuver.</p> +<p style="top:620.7pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>AUC </b></p> +<p style="top:636.9pt;left:433.8pt"><b>Situation.</b> Colombia’s Government has proven incapable </p> +<p style="top:650.7pt;left:433.8pt">of controlling the leftist scourge of the FARC. You will step </p> +<p style="top:664.4pt;left:433.8pt">into the security vacuum and use the terrorists’ own tactics </p> +<p style="top:678.2pt;left:393.8pt">against them. Funded by landowners who have suffered an epi-</p> +<p style="top:691.9pt;left:393.8pt">demic of FARC kidnapping, you will rally the autodefensa militias </p> +<p style="top:705.7pt;left:393.8pt">under the AUC banner and cleanse the land of leftist infrastruc-</p> +<p style="top:719.4pt;left:393.8pt">ture—or at least provide a counterweight. </p> +<p style="top:742.2pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Goal.</b> Eliminate FARC logistical bases while building your own. The </p> +<p style="top:755.9pt;left:393.8pt">more disparity in AUC’s favor, the closer you are to winning. </p> +<p style="top:778.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Tools. </b>Your guerrillas are every bit as effective as the FARC’s, </p> +<p style="top:792.4pt;left:393.8pt">though often less numerous, and can ambush to guarantee a suc-</p> +<p style="top:806.2pt;left:393.8pt">cessful attack. Your terror operations enable you to eliminate even </p> +<p style="top:819.9pt;left:393.8pt">protected FARC logistical bases through assassination, neutralize </p> +<p style="top:833.7pt;left:393.8pt">local opposition to the Government to allow you rally forces, and </p> +<p style="top:847.4pt;left:393.8pt">even trim back popular support of and foreign aid for the Government </p> +<p style="top:861.2pt;left:393.8pt">when it’s getting too strong. You can rally your forces in relatively </p> +<p style="top:874.9pt;left:393.8pt">safe Government areas and extort there for resources, then march </p> +<p style="top:888.7pt;left:393.8pt">a guerrilla army into a FARC stronghold to attack or infiltrate indi-</p> +<p style="top:902.4pt;left:393.8pt">vidual units to terrorize. </p> +</div> + +<div id="page17" style="background-image:url('playbook17.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>17</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Deals. </b>You can help the Government by going where it can’t: Your </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">informants enable you to attack underground guerrillas, your terror </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">instantly dampens FARC-based popular opposition, and you can </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:56.2pt">take on FARC within demilitarized zones. But don’t dismiss hand-</p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:56.2pt">shakes with other Insurgents. FARC rallying directly affects your </p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:56.2pt">victory—offer truce. And your assassinations can easily target the </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels’ business—extract drug shipments for “protection”. </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Tip. </b>You’re a remora on the Government shark. Swim along, but </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:56.2pt">be ready for the day it shakes you off and bites.</p> +<p style="top:212.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Cartels </b></p> +<p style="top:228.4pt;left:96.2pt"><b>Situation. </b>You have taken over Colombia’s illegal narcot-</p> +<p style="top:242.2pt;left:96.2pt">ics industry. The bad news is that the Government is gear-</p> +<p style="top:255.9pt;left:96.2pt">ing up its “war on drugs”, and the more it eradicates your </p> +<p style="top:269.7pt;left:56.2pt">drug production bases, the more gringo aid it gets. The good news </p> +<p style="top:283.4pt;left:56.2pt">is that the country is at the height of a civil war, and there are </p> +<p style="top:297.2pt;left:56.2pt">plenty of other illegal groups around to keep the Government busy </p> +<p style="top:310.9pt;left:56.2pt">and off your back. </p> +<p style="top:333.7pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Goal. </b>Make money. And grow your productive base to make sure </p> +<p style="top:347.4pt;left:56.2pt">that you can keep making money. The more resources and bases </p> +<p style="top:361.2pt;left:56.2pt">you accumulate, the more likely you are to win. </p> +<p style="top:383.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Tools. </b>You are a commercial insurgency and can attack and terror-</p> +<p style="top:397.7pt;left:56.2pt">ize your enemies like the rest. But your gunmen are less numerous </p> +<p style="top:411.4pt;left:56.2pt">and can’t protect everything you own. Your strength is that you are </p> +<p style="top:425.2pt;left:56.2pt">the fastest growing enterprise in the country: cultivate and process </p> +<p style="top:438.9pt;left:56.2pt">until you’re rich. Then bribe to neutralize whatever enemy guer-</p> +<p style="top:452.7pt;left:56.2pt">rillas, police, or bases stand in your way. Process drugs and use </p> +<p style="top:466.4pt;left:56.2pt">profits from the shipments to grease your operational skids and </p> +<p style="top:480.2pt;left:56.2pt">grow even faster. </p> +<p style="top:502.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Deals. </b>You got the drugs and the money, so you can get the deals. </p> +<p style="top:516.7pt;left:56.2pt">Resources are transferable, and—sooner or later—you should have </p> +<p style="top:530.4pt;left:56.2pt">garnered more than you need. Use them to buy friends. Or offer to </p> +<p style="top:544.2pt;left:56.2pt">process shipments for other Insurgents—or even for a staged Gov-</p> +<p style="top:557.9pt;left:56.2pt">ernment drug bust! Or agree to bribe away whatever threatens your </p> +<p style="top:571.7pt;left:56.2pt">enemy—anything to keep the heat off your coca fields. </p> +<p style="top:594.4pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Tip. </b>The potent Medellín gang just got shot up, so you are start-</p> +<p style="top:608.2pt;left:56.2pt">ing weak. Try to get a lot of bases and shipments ready to earn </p> +<p style="top:621.9pt;left:56.2pt">resources—but not so many as to draw unwanted attention!</p> +<p style="top:659.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">1-PLAYER EXAMPLE OF PLAY</span></b></p> +<p style="top:682.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Once you have gone over the tutorial starting on page 2, we rec-</i></p> +<p style="top:696.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ommend trying out this step-by-step run through part of a solitaire </i></p> +<p style="top:710.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>game: it will help you learn how Non-player Factions work for 2- or </i></p> +<p style="top:724.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>3-player games as well. Follow along, referring to the illustrations, </i></p> +<p style="top:737.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>or set up the game board and conduct the moves described. You can </i></p> +<p style="top:751.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>fish out each card as it is named, or preset the deck with the card </i></p> +<p style="top:765.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>order provided in the shaded box at right. A numbered paragraph be-</i></p> +<p style="top:779.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>gins each new card played. Italicized shaded text adds comment.</i></p> +<p style="top:801.9pt;left:56.2pt">The player decides to use no optional rules and sets up the board </p> +<p style="top:815.7pt;left:56.2pt">and deck (rule 2.1). Playing <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> solo, the player is the </p> +<p style="top:829.4pt;left:56.2pt">Government, trying to beat the 3 Insurgent Factions run by Non-</p> +<p style="top:843.2pt;left:56.2pt">player rules (section 8).</p> +<p style="top:865.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>1)</b> The player flips the first card to be played and reveals the next: </p> +<p style="top:879.7pt;left:56.2pt">they are <i>Op Millenium </i>and <i>Raúl Reyes.</i> The Cartels are 1st Eligible </p> +<p style="top:893.4pt;left:56.2pt">on <i>Op Millenium,</i> so the player consults the gray (Non-player) text </p> +<p style="top:907.2pt;left:56.2pt">on the Sequence of Play aid sheet, which indicates that a 1st Eligible </p> +<p style="top:920.9pt;left:56.2pt">Non-player executes an Operation (Op), unless it has the leftmost </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">symbol on the card (8.1, 1st bullet). The Cartels on this card are </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">leftmost, so they will play the Event. </p> +<p style="top:103.4pt;left:393.8pt">Non-players always use the shaded portion of dual-use Events </p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:393.8pt">(8.4.1). This shaded text says to replace 2 Police with Cartels pieces: </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt">because there are some Police to replace and some Cartels pieces </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">available, the Event will have an effect and so will be executed. </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:393.8pt">(For an Event with no effect, Cartels would have reverted to Ops, </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:393.8pt">per the 3rd bullet of 8.1). The player checks the Cartels panel of the </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:393.8pt">Non-Player foldout (because <i>Op Millenium</i> has the Cartels symbol </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:393.8pt">leftmost) to see if there are any special instructions for Non-player </p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:393.8pt">execution of the event (8.4.4). There are: Police in random Cities </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:393.8pt">will be replaced before any in Departments.</p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:393.8pt">The player next must determine the 2 random Cities where Cartels </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:393.8pt">pieces will replace Police. The player rolls the three colored dice </p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:393.8pt">and obtains red 1, yellow 3, green 1. Referring to the Random City </p> +<p style="top:291.2pt;left:393.8pt">or Department chart on the Non-Player foldout (8.2), red 1 yields </p> +<p style="top:304.9pt;left:393.8pt">the left column of boxes, yellow 3 the middle row, and green 1 the </p> +<p style="top:318.7pt;left:393.8pt">space at the top of that box, Medellín. Medellín is a City with Police </p> +<p style="top:332.4pt;left:393.8pt">in it, so it will be the first space affected by the Event. It has only 1 </p> +<p style="top:346.2pt;left:393.8pt">Police, so a second space is needed.</p> +<p style="top:368.9pt;left:393.8pt">The roll to select the second space is red 6, yellow 1, green 2—the </p> +<p style="top:382.7pt;left:393.8pt">Department of Amazonas. Amazonas does not qualify because it is </p> +<p style="top:396.4pt;left:393.8pt">not a City, so the player tracks down the column on the Random </p> +<p style="top:410.2pt;left:393.8pt">City or Department chart (or finds Amazonas on the Planning Map </p> +<p style="top:423.9pt;left:393.8pt">aid and follows the arrows) until a City (light purple) with Police </p> +<p style="top:437.7pt;left:393.8pt">is reached: Neiva.</p> +<p style="top:460.4pt;left:393.8pt">So the Non-player Cartels will replace 1 Police cube each in Medellín </p> +<p style="top:474.2pt;left:393.8pt">and Neiva. Non-players always place Bases instead of Guerrillas, if </p> +<p style="top:508.7pt;left:405.3pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Preparing the Deck for This Example</b></p> +<p style="top:525.0pt;left:405.3pt">If you want to set up the game to follow along with this example, </p> +<p style="top:538.7pt;left:405.3pt">prepare the deck as follows:</p> +<p style="top:561.5pt;left:405.3pt">Stack the following cards face down, in order from top to </p> +<p style="top:575.2pt;left:405.3pt">bottom.</p> +<p style="top:593.5pt;left:405.3pt">• Op Millenium</p> +<p style="top:607.2pt;left:405.3pt">• Raúl Reyes</p> +<p style="top:621.0pt;left:405.3pt">• Soldados Campesinos</p> +<p style="top:634.7pt;left:405.3pt">• Gramaje</p> +<p style="top:648.5pt;left:405.3pt">• Air Bridge</p> +<p style="top:662.2pt;left:405.3pt">• Former Military </p> +<p style="top:676.0pt;left:405.3pt">• Fuerza Aérea Colombiana</p> +<p style="top:689.7pt;left:405.3pt">• Senado & Cámara</p> +<p style="top:703.5pt;left:405.3pt">• Misil Antiaéreo</p> +<p style="top:717.2pt;left:405.3pt"><b><i>• Propaganda!</i></b></p> +<p style="top:731.0pt;left:405.3pt">• Pipeline Repairs</p> +<p style="top:744.7pt;left:405.3pt">• Sucumbíos</p> +<p style="top:758.5pt;left:405.3pt">• Narco-War</p> +<p style="top:772.2pt;left:405.3pt">• National Coordination Center</p> +<p style="top:786.0pt;left:405.3pt">• Limpieza</p> +<p style="top:799.7pt;left:405.3pt">• Oil Spill</p> +<p style="top:813.5pt;left:405.3pt">• Deserters & Defectors</p> +<p style="top:827.2pt;left:405.3pt">• Ayahuasca Tourism</p> +<p style="top:841.0pt;left:405.3pt"><b><i>• Propaganda!</i></b></p> +<p style="top:863.7pt;left:405.3pt">Divide the remaining Event cards into 3 roughly equal piles </p> +<p style="top:877.5pt;left:405.3pt">and shuffle a Propaganda card into 2 of the piles. Stack the 3 </p> +<p style="top:891.2pt;left:405.3pt">piles face down under the above cards, with the Propaganda </p> +<p style="top:905.0pt;left:405.3pt">cards in the bottom 2 piles.</p> +</div> + +<div id="page18" style="background-image:url('playbook18.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>18</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.5pt">possible (8.1.2, 1st bullet). The Cartels do have Bases available, and </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.5pt">there is stacking room for the Bases in each City. The Police cubes </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.5pt">in Medellín and Neiva are placed into the Government’s Available </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:56.5pt">Forces box and an available Cartels Base is placed into each City, </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:56.5pt">bringing the total number of Cartels Bases to 8. </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:70.0pt"><i>The Cartels have put down an off-shoot in Pablo Escobar’s </i></p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:70.0pt"><i>old territory!</i></p> +<p style="top:181.2pt;left:56.5pt">The Government is 2nd Eligible and can execute an Operation and </p> +<p style="top:194.9pt;left:56.5pt">Special Activity. The player decides to respond to the Cartels’ threat </p> +<p style="top:208.7pt;left:56.5pt">by Training to add 3 Troops and 3 Police each to Medellín and Cali, </p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:56.5pt">4 Troops and 2 Police to Neiva, and—looking ahead to fighting other </p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:56.5pt">insurgents—2 Troops and 4 Police to Santander-Boyacá. Following </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:56.5pt">up with Civic Action to bring Cali to Active Support, the Government </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:56.5pt">brings Total Support up to 56 and has spent 18 Resources, down </p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:56.5pt">to 22. Positioning for future operations in the Llanos interior, the </p> +<p style="top:291.2pt;left:56.5pt">player then Air Lifts 3 of the Government’s now abundant Troops </p> +<p style="top:304.9pt;left:56.5pt">from Cali to Guaviare.</p> +<p style="top:637.2pt;left:56.5pt"><i>Government training responds to the Cartels’ infiltration of Medel-</i></p> +<p style="top:650.9pt;left:56.5pt"><i>lín and Neiva.</i></p> +<p style="top:673.7pt;left:56.5pt"><b>2) </b>Now <i>Raúl Reyes</i> is played (the top card of the deck, to be played </p> +<p style="top:687.4pt;left:56.5pt">next, is revealed to be <i>Soldados Campesinos</i>). The Non-player FARC </p> +<p style="top:701.2pt;left:56.5pt">is 1st Eligible and will execute the Event (8.1). There are instruc-</p> +<p style="top:714.9pt;left:56.5pt">tions for <i>Raúl Reyes</i> on the Non-Player FARC aid panel, which are </p> +<p style="top:728.7pt;left:56.5pt">to place the FARC Base in a space with FARC Guerrillas and with </p> +<p style="top:742.4pt;left:56.5pt">Support, if possible. Santander-Boyacá has both a FARC Guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:756.2pt;left:56.5pt">and (Active) Support and has room for a Base, so the FARC slips </p> +<p style="top:769.9pt;left:56.5pt">in a new Base there: Opposition + Bases to 21. The battle for the </p> +<p style="top:783.7pt;left:56.5pt">Colombian Andes is on! In addition, the Event grants the FARC +6 </p> +<p style="top:797.4pt;left:56.5pt">Resources, to 16. </p> +<p style="top:820.2pt;left:56.5pt">Only the AUC remains Eligible. Because the 1st Eligible Faction </p> +<p style="top:833.9pt;left:56.5pt">(FARC) executed the Event, the AUC as 2nd Eligible must execute </p> +<p style="top:847.7pt;left:56.5pt">Ops. The player consults the Non-Player AUC aid (8.6). The first </p> +<p style="top:861.4pt;left:56.5pt">question on the flowchart is whether the AUC has 6 or more Guerril-</p> +<p style="top:875.2pt;left:56.5pt">las available or could place a Base (if it Rallied). It could not place </p> +<p style="top:888.9pt;left:56.5pt">a Base, which would require removing 2 Guerrillas from a space, </p> +<p style="top:902.7pt;left:56.5pt">but it does have at least 6 Guerrillas available. The answer to the </p> +<p style="top:916.4pt;left:56.5pt">flowchart’s question is “Yes”, so the AUC will Rally.</p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">Per the Rally box on the Non-Player AUC aid (8.6.1), the AUC </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">will Rally in up to 3 non-Opposition spaces by the following pri-</p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">orities:</p> +<p style="top:112.7pt;left:393.8pt">• First, placing Bases wherever there are at least 2 AUC Guerrillas. </p> +<p style="top:126.4pt;left:405.0pt">That is nowhere.</p> +<p style="top:143.8pt;left:393.8pt">• Next, flipping Guerrillas Underground in certain spaces with </p> +<p style="top:157.5pt;left:405.0pt">Active AUC Guerrillas. There are no Active AUC Guerrillas, so </p> +<p style="top:171.3pt;left:405.0pt">again nowhere.</p> +<p style="top:188.6pt;left:393.8pt">• Finally, placing AUC Guerrillas wherever possible with FARC </p> +<p style="top:202.4pt;left:405.0pt">Bases, then with AUC Bases, then randomly. Santander-Boyacá and </p> +<p style="top:216.1pt;left:405.0pt">Huila-Tolima each have a FARC Base but no Opposition, so each of </p> +<p style="top:229.9pt;left:405.0pt">those 2 spaces receives an AUC Guerrilla. Only Antioquia-Bolívar </p> +<p style="top:243.6pt;left:405.0pt">has an AUC Base, so it is the third AUC Rally space, receiving 3 </p> +<p style="top:257.4pt;left:405.0pt">AUC Guerrillas. AUC has spent 3 Resources down to 7.</p> +<p style="top:280.1pt;left:393.8pt">The flowchart’s “then” arrow takes us to the Extort box for the Non-</p> +<p style="top:293.9pt;left:393.8pt">player AUC’s Special Activity (8.6.1). The box says to Extort every-</p> +<p style="top:307.6pt;left:393.8pt">where that AUC outnumbers enemies and has underground Guerril-</p> +<p style="top:321.4pt;left:393.8pt">las—in other words, everywhere possible. Only Antioquia-Bolívar and </p> +<p style="top:335.1pt;left:393.8pt">Atlántico-Magdalena qualify: an AUC Guerrilla is flipped to Active </p> +<p style="top:348.9pt;left:393.8pt">in each and the AUC receives +2 Resources, back to 9.</p> +<p style="top:371.6pt;left:407.2pt"><i>The AUC is girding for assassination in FARC base areas, </i></p> +<p style="top:385.4pt;left:407.2pt"><i>but its addition to the growing guerrilla presence in </i></p> +<p style="top:399.1pt;left:407.2pt"><i>pro-Government Santander-Boyacá is unwelcome to the </i></p> +<p style="top:412.9pt;left:407.2pt"><i>Government.</i></p> +<p style="top:676.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>The Andes heat up as Left and Right gird for a fight.</i></p> +<p style="top:699.6pt;left:393.8pt"><b>3)</b> The next played card is <i>Soldados Campesinos,</i> and the upcoming </p> +<p style="top:713.4pt;left:393.8pt">Event will be <i>Gramaje</i>. With the AUC Ineligible, the player decides </p> +<p style="top:727.1pt;left:393.8pt">to take advantage of <i>Soldados Campesinos </i>to quickly establish some </p> +<p style="top:740.9pt;left:393.8pt">effective policing of the countryside. The Government places 1 Po-</p> +<p style="top:754.6pt;left:393.8pt">lice each into Chocó-Córdoba, Nariño-Cauca, Putumayo-Caquetá, </p> +<p style="top:768.4pt;left:393.8pt">Guaviare, Meta East, and Cesar-La Guajira. </p> +<p style="top:791.1pt;left:393.8pt">Only the Cartels remain Eligible, and so, after the Government’s </p> +<p style="top:804.9pt;left:393.8pt">Event, they conduct Ops and a Special Activity. Consulting the Non-</p> +<p style="top:818.6pt;left:393.8pt">Player Cartels flowchart, the Cartels with at least 10 pieces—Guer-</p> +<p style="top:832.4pt;left:393.8pt">rillas plus Bases—available will Rally (8.5). </p> +<p style="top:855.1pt;left:393.8pt">The Cartels Rally box’s first 2 bullets do not apply, so the Cartels’ </p> +<p style="top:868.9pt;left:393.8pt">3 Rally spaces will begin where Cartels Bases have no Cartels </p> +<p style="top:882.6pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrillas. There are 5 such spaces, so those which will receive </p> +<p style="top:896.4pt;left:393.8pt">Cartels Guerrillas will be determined randomly. The first roll—2 </p> +<p style="top:923.9pt;left:393.8pt">lone Cartels Base. <sup>red, 4 yellow, 2 green—hits Medellín, which happens to have a </sup></p> +</div> + +<div id="page19" style="background-image:url('playbook19.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>19</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">The next roll—6, 3, 6—is Huila, which does not have a Cartels </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">Base. So the player follows the arrows on the Planning Map (or the </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">Random City or Department chart) until a candidate Rally space </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:56.2pt">is reached: Huila to Pasto, Ecuador, Nariño, Chocó, Cali, Ibagué, </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:56.2pt">Antioquia, then Medellín. Medellín has a Base but has already been </p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:56.2pt">selected for Rally, so the player continues along the arrows from </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">there, arriving eventually at Meta East for the second Rally.</p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:56.2pt">The player could determine the third Rally space with the same </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:56.2pt">process, but decides it would be easier to randomly select among </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:56.2pt">the 3 remaining candidates with a single, equal chance die roll (see </p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:56.2pt">8.2 Play Note). Assigning 1-2 to Neiva, 3-4 to Meta West, and 5-6 </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:56.2pt">to Guaviare, the player rolls a 3. The third Cartels Rally will occur </p> +<p style="top:240.9pt;left:56.2pt">in Meta West. </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:56.2pt">As reminders, the player places white Ops pawns into Medellín, Meta </p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:56.2pt">East, and Meta West (3.1.1). Medellín receives 4 Cartels Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:291.2pt;left:56.2pt">and Meta East and Meta West get 2 Guerrillas each. The Cartels </p> +<p style="top:304.9pt;left:56.2pt">have spent 3 Resources for the Rallying, down to 7.</p> +<p style="top:327.7pt;left:56.2pt">The Non-Player Cartels flowchart indicates that the Cartels will now </p> +<p style="top:341.4pt;left:56.2pt">Cultivate in a space with more than 0 Population and more Cartels </p> +<p style="top:355.2pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas than Police. The first priority (1st bullet of the Cultivate </p> +<p style="top:368.9pt;left:56.2pt">box) is to place a Base in a Department where the Cartels just Ral-</p> +<p style="top:382.7pt;left:56.2pt">lied. Medellín is not a Department, and neither Meta East nor Meta </p> +<p style="top:396.4pt;left:56.2pt">West has room to place a Base.</p> +<p style="top:419.2pt;left:56.2pt">The next priority (bullet) is to move a Cartels Base to a space with </p> +<p style="top:432.9pt;left:56.2pt">no Cartels Base. Because a Cultivate space must have more Cartels </p> +<p style="top:446.7pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas than Police, and all spaces with Cartels Guerrillas already </p> +<p style="top:460.4pt;left:56.2pt">have a Cartels Base, this priority similarly does not apply. </p> +<p style="top:483.2pt;left:56.2pt">Per the final bullet, the Cartels therefore do not execute a Special </p> +<p style="top:496.9pt;left:56.2pt">Activity. The Cartels’ actions and the card are completed, and the </p> +<p style="top:510.7pt;left:56.2pt">player removes the 3 Ops pawns. </p> +<p style="top:533.4pt;left:69.8pt"><i>The Cartels have protected much of their businesses from </i></p> +<p style="top:547.2pt;left:69.8pt"><i>Government Assault—and Medellín is again a kingpin </i></p> +<p style="top:560.9pt;left:69.8pt"><i>haven!</i></p> +<p style="top:855.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Government and Cartels build strength in the central lowlands.</i></p> +<p style="top:878.3pt;left:56.2pt"><b>4)</b> <i>Gramaje</i> is played, revealing <i>Air Bridge.</i> The FARC, leftmost on </p> +<p style="top:892.0pt;left:56.2pt">the <i>Gramaje</i> card, executes the Event, taking the Cartels’ remaining </p> +<p style="top:905.8pt;left:56.2pt">7 Resources to give itself a total of 23 Resources.</p> +<p style="top:73.2pt;left:407.2pt"><i>The FARC is well-resourced for the long term, but its leeching </i></p> +<p style="top:86.9pt;left:407.2pt"><i>off the Cartels may slow the latter’s growth down and ease </i></p> +<p style="top:100.7pt;left:407.2pt"><i>pressure on the Government in the short term.</i></p> +<p style="top:123.4pt;left:393.8pt">AUC Ops and Special Activity are up next. With 7 AUC Guer-</p> +<p style="top:137.2pt;left:393.8pt">rillas available (and the ability to place a Base in any event), the </p> +<p style="top:150.9pt;left:393.8pt">Non-player AUC Rallies. By the AUC Rally box’s 1st bullet, AUC </p> +<p style="top:164.7pt;left:393.8pt">replaces 2 Guerrillas in Antioquia-Bolívar with a new Base. (There </p> +<p style="top:178.4pt;left:393.8pt">are 2 AUC Guerrillas in Santander-Boyacá, but no room for a Base.) </p> +<p style="top:192.2pt;left:393.8pt">Non-players remove their Active before their Underground Guer-</p> +<p style="top:205.9pt;left:393.8pt">rillas (8.1.2, 4th bullet), so the Active AUC Guerrilla in Antioquia </p> +<p style="top:219.7pt;left:393.8pt">is one of those replaced. </p> +<p style="top:242.4pt;left:393.8pt">The 2nd bullet of Rally does not apply, because the remaining space </p> +<p style="top:256.2pt;left:393.8pt">with an Active AUC Guerrilla—Atlántico—has no cube. The 3rd </p> +<p style="top:269.9pt;left:393.8pt">bullet results in placing AUC Guerrillas again in Santander and </p> +<p style="top:283.7pt;left:393.8pt">Huila—the only 2 spaces with FARC Bases where AUC can Rally. </p> +<p style="top:297.4pt;left:393.8pt">AUC then Extorts again in Antioquia—the only space where it </p> +<p style="top:311.2pt;left:393.8pt">can—having spent 3 Resources and earned 1 back, ending with 7.</p> +<p style="top:333.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>5)</b> <i>Air Bridge</i> played reveals <i>Former Military.</i> The Cartels execute </p> +<p style="top:347.7pt;left:393.8pt">the <i>Air Bridge</i> Event to place 3 Bases, one each into a Department </p> +<p style="top:361.4pt;left:393.8pt">without Cartels pieces. (The Cartels being out of Resources does </p> +<p style="top:375.2pt;left:393.8pt">not stop the Event.) With many candidate spaces, the player rolls on </p> +<p style="top:388.9pt;left:393.8pt">the random spaces chart: 4, 3, 6 yields Meta East—already hosting </p> +<p style="top:402.7pt;left:393.8pt">Cartels pieces and in any event fully stacked, so the first Cartels </p> +<p style="top:416.4pt;left:393.8pt">Base goes to Vichada. Next, the rolls 1, 4, 5 yield Santander, again </p> +<p style="top:430.2pt;left:393.8pt">already hosting 2 Bases, so placing the Cartels Base into the next </p> +<p style="top:443.9pt;left:393.8pt">open Department along the chart sequence (or Planning Map ar-</p> +<p style="top:457.7pt;left:393.8pt">rows), Atlántico. Finally, 1, 2, 1 leads (eventually) to Cesar for the </p> +<p style="top:471.4pt;left:393.8pt">third Cartels Base.</p> +<p style="top:494.2pt;left:407.2pt"><i>Coca cultivation is exploding, even with the Cartels tapped </i></p> +<p style="top:507.9pt;left:407.2pt"><i>out of operating funds. </i></p> +<p style="top:530.7pt;left:393.8pt">The Government player—seeing an opportunity to shut the FARC </p> +<p style="top:544.4pt;left:393.8pt">out of the next card and to pocket some resources—decides to pass </p> +<p style="top:558.2pt;left:393.8pt">(Government Resources to 25).</p> +<p style="top:580.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>6)</b> <i>Former Military</i> played reveals <i>Fuerza Aérea Colombiana.</i> Ex-</p> +<p style="top:594.7pt;left:393.8pt">ecuting the <i>Former Military</i> Event, the AUC will free March and </p> +<p style="top:608.4pt;left:393.8pt">then Ambush. </p> +<p style="top:631.2pt;left:393.8pt">The Non-Player AUC sheet instructs to use AUC’s March and Attack </p> +<p style="top:644.9pt;left:393.8pt">priorities for the Event, so the AUC will first free March into 1 space </p> +<p style="top:658.7pt;left:393.8pt">per the March box on the Non-Player AUC panel. The candidate </p> +<p style="top:672.4pt;left:393.8pt">space must have FARC—a FARC Base, if possible—and no AUC </p> +<p style="top:686.2pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrillas. Such space into which AUC Guerrillas could March </p> +<p style="top:699.9pt;left:393.8pt">and remain Underground must be chosen first. Also, the candidate </p> +<p style="top:713.7pt;left:393.8pt">spaces must have AUC Guerrillas adjacent that would March, even </p> +<p style="top:727.4pt;left:393.8pt">though only AUC Guerrillas in excess of 1 will leave spaces with </p> +<p style="top:741.2pt;left:393.8pt">AUC Bases or with any FARC pieces (8.6.2).</p> +<p style="top:763.9pt;left:393.8pt">A random space roll of 5, 3, 2 yields Meta West. The space has a </p> +<p style="top:777.7pt;left:393.8pt">FARC Base, no AUC Guerrillas, and will allow 1 AUC Guerrilla to </p> +<p style="top:791.4pt;left:393.8pt">slip in Underground. The adjacent AUC Guerrillas in Guaviare and </p> +<p style="top:805.2pt;left:393.8pt">Putumayo will not March out because they are alone with FARC </p> +<p style="top:818.9pt;left:393.8pt">pieces, but there are 2 AUC Guerrillas in Huila—one of which </p> +<p style="top:832.7pt;left:393.8pt">could March into Meta West, Underground. All priorities are met, </p> +<p style="top:846.4pt;left:393.8pt">so no further looking is needed: the AUC Guerrilla Marches from </p> +<p style="top:860.2pt;left:393.8pt">Huila to Meta West.</p> +<p style="top:882.9pt;left:393.8pt">Next, per the Event, the AUC Ambushes in Meta West per its Attack </p> +<p style="top:896.7pt;left:393.8pt">priorities (8.6.3). There are no Shipments to target, so FARC is Am-</p> +<p style="top:910.4pt;left:393.8pt">bushed, losing its 2 Guerrillas in Meta West. The Ambushing AUC </p> +</div> + +<div id="page20" style="background-image:url('playbook20.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>20</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrilla there goes Active and is joined by a fresh, Underground </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">AUC Guerrilla (4.3.2, 4.4.1).</p> +<p style="top:307.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Led by former military officers, AUC guerrillas strike into Meta </i></p> +<p style="top:320.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>West.</i></p> +<p style="top:343.5pt;left:56.2pt">The player, seeing a number of attractive targets for the free Air </p> +<p style="top:357.3pt;left:56.2pt">Strikes with the next Event, again passes and afterall gives the FARC </p> +<p style="top:371.0pt;left:56.2pt">its move. Government Resources rise to 28.</p> +<p style="top:393.8pt;left:56.2pt">Per the Non-Player FARC flowchart, the FARC will Rally because </p> +<p style="top:407.5pt;left:56.2pt">it has at least 9 Guerrillas available (8.7.1). The first 2 bullets in the </p> +<p style="top:421.3pt;left:56.2pt">Rally box do not apply—the FARC cannot place any Bases with </p> +<p style="top:435.0pt;left:56.2pt">Rally, nor are there any Active FARC Guerrillas. So FARC first will </p> +<p style="top:448.8pt;left:56.2pt">Rally to place Guerrillas wherever it has Bases (and there is no Sup-</p> +<p style="top:462.5pt;left:56.2pt">port). A total of 13 FARC Guerrillas appear among 6 Departments: </p> +<p style="top:476.3pt;left:56.2pt">2 each in Chocó, Arauca, Meta East, Meta West, and Guaviare, and </p> +<p style="top:490.0pt;left:56.2pt">3 in Huila.</p> +<p style="top:512.8pt;left:56.2pt">But the FARC is not finished building. Its final Rally priority is to </p> +<p style="top:526.5pt;left:56.2pt">place a Guerrilla into 1 additional, random space. A roll of 4, 1, 2 </p> +<p style="top:540.3pt;left:56.2pt">designates Atlántico—ineligible for FARC Rally because it has Sup-</p> +<p style="top:554.0pt;left:56.2pt">port—leading to Cesar, which receives a FARC Guerrilla.</p> +<p style="top:576.8pt;left:56.2pt">By the flowchart (or 8.7.1), the FARC now Extorts where it can </p> +<p style="top:590.5pt;left:56.2pt">and it has at least 2 Underground Guerrillas: in Chocó-Córdoba, </p> +<p style="top:604.3pt;left:56.2pt">Arauca-Casanare, and Huila-Tolima. It spent 7 Resources to Rally </p> +<p style="top:618.0pt;left:56.2pt">and earned 3 by Extortion, ending the card with 19 total.</p> +<p style="top:640.8pt;left:69.8pt"><i>The FARC finally launches operations, quickly raising an </i></p> +<p style="top:654.5pt;left:69.8pt"><i>impressive force and covering its exposed Meta West base </i></p> +<p style="top:668.3pt;left:69.8pt"><i>against the pending Government air strikes.</i></p> +<p style="top:691.0pt;left:56.2pt"><b>7)</b> <i>Fuerza Aérea Colombiana</i> is up; <i>Senado & Cámara</i> will be next. </p> +<p style="top:704.8pt;left:56.2pt">The Government player decides to employ the Colombian Air Force </p> +<p style="top:718.5pt;left:56.2pt">to trim the cocaleros, striking exposed Cartels Bases in Cesar-La </p> +<p style="top:732.3pt;left:56.2pt">Guajira, Atlántico-Magdalena, and Guaviare. The only other Eligible </p> +<p style="top:746.0pt;left:56.2pt">Faction is the Cartels. They are to Operate but have 0 Resources, so </p> +<p style="top:759.8pt;left:56.2pt">they Pass instead (8.1, 4th bullet), gaining 1 Resource.</p> +<p style="top:782.5pt;left:56.2pt"><b>8)</b> The AUC executes <i>Senado & Cámara,</i> protecting itself from </p> +<p style="top:796.3pt;left:56.2pt">Government Sweep and Assault. The Cartels will Operate: they </p> +<p style="top:810.0pt;left:56.2pt">have fewer than 10 pieces available, but they can use Rally to place </p> +<p style="top:823.8pt;left:56.2pt">a Base in Medellín, replacing 2 of their Guerrillas to do so (8.5.1). </p> +<p style="top:837.5pt;left:56.2pt">Since the Cartels then again reach 0 Resources, they conduct no </p> +<p style="top:851.3pt;left:56.2pt">further Rally (8.1, 4th bullet). No Cultivate priorities are met, so </p> +<p style="top:865.0pt;left:56.2pt">the Cartels conduct no Special Activity (8.5.1).</p> +<p style="top:887.8pt;left:56.2pt"><b>9)</b> <i>Misil Antiaéreo</i> is the next card played, revealing <i>Propaganda! </i></p> +<p style="top:901.5pt;left:56.2pt">thereafter. The FARC executes the Event, sharply if temporarily </p> +<p style="top:915.3pt;left:56.2pt">constraining Government Special Activities. (Per 8.1, Insurgent </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">Momentum always counts as an effect for Non-player execution, </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">no matter how briefly it will remain in play.)</p> +<p style="top:103.4pt;left:393.8pt">The player takes advantage of the Government receiving the final </p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:393.8pt">move before the Propaganda Round to position for Civic Action </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt">in 3 Departments: 3 Troops from Bogotá use the empty Road to </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">Guaviare; 1 Troop from Cali Sweeps Nariño-Cauca; and 1 other </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:393.8pt">Troop from Cali and 3 from Medellín Sweep Chocó-Córdoba. The </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:393.8pt">Government then Eradicates the Cartels Base in Vichada, placing a </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:393.8pt">FARC Guerrilla there. Government Resources drop to 19 and Aid </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:393.8pt">rises to 13.</p> +<p style="top:568.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Government troops sweep into FARC regions in the west and east.</i></p> +<p style="top:591.2pt;left:393.8pt"><b>10)</b> The first <i>Propaganda!</i> card proceeds as follows:</p> +<p style="top:610.5pt;left:393.7pt">• VICTORY: No Faction has met its Victory condition (and </p> +<p style="top:624.3pt;left:405.0pt">even if the Government had, per 8.8, this 1-player game would </p> +<p style="top:638.0pt;left:405.0pt">continue).</p> +<p style="top:655.4pt;left:393.8pt">• CONTROL: The player puts Govt Control markers in Chocó-</p> +<p style="top:669.1pt;left:405.0pt">Córdoba, Nariño-Cauca, Guaviare, and Santander-Boyacá </p> +<p style="top:682.9pt;left:405.0pt">(and decides just to keep in mind that all Cities also are Govt </p> +<p style="top:696.6pt;left:405.0pt">Controlled). The player marks FARC Control in Huila-Tolima, </p> +<p style="top:710.4pt;left:405.0pt">Arauca-Casanare, and Vichada.</p> +<p style="top:727.7pt;left:393.8pt">• RESOURCES: Government Resources increase to 49, FARC to </p> +<p style="top:741.5pt;left:405.0pt">26, AUC to 9, and Cartels to 24.</p> +<p style="top:758.8pt;left:393.8pt">• SUPPORT: The player decides to increase Support with as </p> +<p style="top:772.6pt;left:405.0pt">much Civic Action as possible—obtaining 4 shifts each in </p> +<p style="top:786.3pt;left:405.0pt">Chocó, Nariño, and Guaviare, for a whopping expenditure of 36 </p> +<p style="top:800.1pt;left:405.0pt">Resources, down to 13. </p> +<p style="top:817.4pt;left:393.8pt">• With plenty of money, FARC similarly Agitates to the maximum </p> +<p style="top:831.2pt;left:405.0pt">extent possible (8.7.5). It shifts Huila-Tolima to Active Opposition, </p> +<p style="top:844.9pt;left:405.0pt">spending 2 Resources, to 24. </p> +<p style="top:862.3pt;left:393.8pt">• Between the Civic Action and Agitation, Total Opposition + FARC </p> +<p style="top:876.0pt;left:405.0pt">Bases has dropped a net 2, to 19. Total Support is 62, and Samper </p> +<p style="top:889.8pt;left:405.0pt">remains in power.</p> +<p style="top:907.1pt;left:393.8pt">• The AUC’s free Rally with Elite Backing cannot place a Base, </p> +<p style="top:920.9pt;left:405.0pt">so its places Guerrillas by its priorities, adding 4 Guerrillas to its </p> +</div> + +<div id="page21" style="background-image:url('playbook21.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>21</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:67.5pt">Bases in Antioquia-Bolívar (8.6.1).</p> +<p style="top:84.3pt;left:56.3pt">• REDEPLOY: The player Redeploys 2 Police each from Cali to </p> +<p style="top:98.0pt;left:67.5pt">Nariño, Medellín to Chocó, and Santander to Guaviare, and the </p> +<p style="top:111.8pt;left:67.5pt">Troops from each of those 3 destination Departments 1 each to </p> +<p style="top:125.5pt;left:67.5pt">Medellín and Cali and the remaining 9 to Bogotá-Villavicencio.</p> +<p style="top:150.5pt;left:69.8pt"><i>The Government has risked committing most of its re-</i></p> +<p style="top:164.3pt;left:69.8pt"><i>sources to rural development while still facing substantial </i></p> +<p style="top:178.0pt;left:69.8pt"><i>insurgent forces. And with Samper still in, foreign aid will </i></p> +<p style="top:191.8pt;left:69.8pt"><i>remain scarce.</i></p> +<p style="top:214.5pt;left:56.2pt">• RESET: The board is Reset: the two Momentum Events are </p> +<p style="top:228.3pt;left:67.5pt">discarded, all Guerrillas go Underground, and all Factions are </p> +<p style="top:242.0pt;left:67.5pt">Eligible. </p> +<p style="top:264.8pt;left:56.2pt"><b>11)</b> The next card played is <i>Pipeline Repairs,</i> revealing <i>Sucumbíos </i></p> +<p style="top:278.5pt;left:56.2pt">thereafter. The AUC plays the Event (regardless of whether or not </p> +<p style="top:292.3pt;left:56.2pt">doing so directly benefits that Faction). <i>Pipeline Repairs</i> sabotages </p> +<p style="top:306.0pt;left:56.2pt">3 Pipelines with or adjacent to FARC Guerrillas. The highest-Econ </p> +<p style="top:319.8pt;left:56.2pt">Pipelines are chosen first (8.3, 1st bullet). All three 3-Econ Pipe-</p> +<p style="top:333.5pt;left:56.2pt">lines are adjacent to FARC Guerrillas, so each is Sabotaged, further </p> +<p style="top:347.3pt;left:56.2pt">constraining future Government Resources.</p> +<p style="top:370.0pt;left:56.2pt">The Cartels have 11 pieces available, so Rally. They cannot place </p> +<p style="top:383.8pt;left:56.2pt">a Base, nor do they have any Active Guerrillas. But they do have </p> +<p style="top:397.5pt;left:56.2pt">an unprotected Base in Neiva, so they Rally to place 2 Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:411.3pt;left:56.2pt">there (8.5.1, 3rd bullet). </p> +<p style="top:434.0pt;left:56.2pt">The Cartels then Rally in 1 more space (only: 8.5.1, 4th bullet), in </p> +<p style="top:447.8pt;left:56.2pt">a Department where they could then Cultivate. A roll of 6 red, 1 </p> +<p style="top:461.5pt;left:56.2pt">yellow, 3 green starts the search for a candidate Department at Pu-</p> +<p style="top:475.3pt;left:56.2pt">tumayo, already stacked full. The Planning Map arrows pass through </p> +<p style="top:489.0pt;left:56.2pt">Guaviare—where there are too many Police to Cultivate with the 1 </p> +<p style="top:502.8pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrilla that the Cartels would receive there—Meta West, Neiva, </p> +<p style="top:516.5pt;left:56.2pt">and finally Huila, where Cultivation will be possible. The Cartels </p> +<p style="top:530.3pt;left:56.2pt">Rally to place 1 Guerrilla in Huila-Tolima and then Cultivate there </p> +<p style="top:544.0pt;left:56.2pt">to place a Base (8.5.1). The Cartels have spent 2 Resources to 22.</p> +<p style="top:776.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Huila-Tolima-Meta-Guaviare: 4-way contest.</i></p> +<p style="top:799.0pt;left:56.2pt"><b>12)</b> FARC executes <i>Sucumbíos,</i> placing both of its available Bases </p> +<p style="top:812.8pt;left:56.2pt">into Ecuador (8.4.2) and increasing Opposition + FARC Bases to </p> +<p style="top:826.5pt;left:56.2pt">21. The next card revealed is <i>Narco-War.</i> </p> +<p style="top:849.3pt;left:56.2pt">With intelligence that a <i>Narco-War</i> is brewing and the Government </p> +<p style="top:863.0pt;left:56.2pt">on a shoestring, the player decides to Pass, and thereby be Eligible </p> +<p style="top:876.8pt;left:56.2pt">to spark an Event that will whittle down and expose the competing </p> +<p style="top:890.5pt;left:56.2pt">Cartel networks.</p> +<p style="top:234.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>The FARC finds a sanctuary.</i></p> +<p style="top:257.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>13)</b> <i>Narco-War </i>is played, and <i>National Coordination Center </i>will be </p> +<p style="top:271.4pt;left:393.8pt">the next card. The Cartels are leftmost and would execute the Event </p> +<p style="top:285.2pt;left:393.8pt">by 8.1. However, checking the instructions for <i>Narco-War</i> on the </p> +<p style="top:298.9pt;left:393.8pt">Non-player Cartels sheet, the player sees that Non-player Factions </p> +<p style="top:312.7pt;left:393.8pt">always choose Ops on that card. </p> +<p style="top:335.4pt;left:393.8pt">Rally by the Cartels could place a Base in Neiva, so that is what </p> +<p style="top:349.2pt;left:393.8pt">they do, replacing their 2 Guerrillas there. A random space roll then </p> +<p style="top:362.9pt;left:393.8pt">determines that their Rally and Cultivate occur in Atlántico-Magda-</p> +<p style="top:376.7pt;left:393.8pt">lena, which receives a Cartels Guerrilla and Base. The cost of Rally </p> +<p style="top:390.4pt;left:393.8pt">in 2 spaces drops Cartels Resources to 20.</p> +<p style="top:413.2pt;left:393.8pt">The Government then plays the Event, hoping that a renewed narco-</p> +<p style="top:426.9pt;left:393.8pt">war between the Cali and Medellín Cartels—albeit at the cost of a </p> +<p style="top:440.7pt;left:393.8pt">spasm of terror—will finally break their power. Each of the several </p> +<p style="top:454.4pt;left:393.8pt">spaces hosting 2 Cartels Guerrillas is stripped to just 1. All Cartels </p> +<p style="top:468.2pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrillas execute free Terror, going Active, and sinking Total Sup-</p> +<p style="top:481.9pt;left:393.8pt">port to 55 and Opposition + FARC Bases to 16.</p> +<p style="top:504.7pt;left:407.2pt"><i>The Government will have to jump on the opening against </i></p> +<p style="top:518.4pt;left:407.2pt"><i>the Cartels by Assaulting their exposed networks before they </i></p> +<p style="top:532.2pt;left:407.2pt"><i>duck back Underground.</i></p> +<p style="top:889.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Eve of the Cartels’ downfall? An internecine narco-war may provide </i></p> +<p style="top:903.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>an opening for a Government counter-drug assault but leaves cities </i></p> +<p style="top:916.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>and countryside ravaged.</i></p> +</div> + +<div id="page22" style="background-image:url('playbook22.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>22</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">Arauca-Casanare, where FARC could place Bases, and FARC has 2 </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">Bases available to place there. Opposition + Bases rises to 13.</p> +<p style="top:103.4pt;left:393.8pt">Continuing to follow the bullets in the Rally box, there are no Active </p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:393.8pt">FARC Guerrillas, so the FARC next Rallies wherever it can place </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrillas with its Bases: in Meta West and Meta East, placing 4 </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrillas total. (It cannot place any more pieces in Ecuador because </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:393.8pt">of the <i>Sucumbíos</i> Event text.)</p> +<p style="top:181.2pt;left:393.8pt">Finally, the FARC Rallies to place a Guerrilla in a random space. </p> +<p style="top:194.9pt;left:393.8pt">A roll of 4, 4, 1 makes that space Vichada, where the new Guer-</p> +<p style="top:208.7pt;left:393.8pt">rilla unit joins a FARC Guerrilla already there. FARC has spent 5 </p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:393.8pt">Resources, down to 19.</p> +<p style="top:545.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Cartels—AUC terror wave and partial FARC recovery.</i></p> +<p style="top:568.2pt;left:393.8pt">For its Special Activity, the FARC now Extorts in each space where </p> +<p style="top:581.9pt;left:393.8pt">it has more forces than all enemies and at least 2 Underground Guer-</p> +<p style="top:595.7pt;left:393.8pt">rillas (only, since it has no forces on LoCs: 8.7.1). Its Resources </p> +<p style="top:609.4pt;left:393.8pt">rise again to 24.</p> +<p style="top:632.2pt;left:407.2pt"><i>Cartels and AUC terror ravaged the FARC politically, but the </i></p> +<p style="top:645.9pt;left:407.2pt"><i>FARC’s army has now grown almost to its maximum and </i></p> +<p style="top:659.7pt;left:407.2pt"><i>still has plenty of cash.</i></p> +<p style="top:682.4pt;left:393.8pt"><b>15)</b> Playing <i>Limpieza</i> (next card will be <i>Oil Spill</i>), the Cartels are </p> +<p style="top:696.2pt;left:393.8pt">1st Eligible but not leftmost, so will execute Ops (8.1, 1st bullet). </p> +<p style="top:709.9pt;left:393.8pt">They have fewer than 10 pieces available and could not replace 2 </p> +<p style="top:723.7pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrillas with a Base, so the answer to the question in the first </p> +<p style="top:737.4pt;left:393.8pt">diamond on the Non-Player Cartels flowchart is “No”, pointing to </p> +<p style="top:751.2pt;left:393.8pt">the next diamond down. That question asks if there is a Shipment </p> +<p style="top:764.9pt;left:393.8pt">available: there are 4, so the answer is “Yes”, indicating that the </p> +<p style="top:778.7pt;left:393.8pt">Cartels should March. </p> +<p style="top:801.4pt;left:393.8pt">By the March box’s 2nd bullet, however, the Cartels would March </p> +<p style="top:815.2pt;left:393.8pt">only with Guerrillas beyond 1 in each space with a Cartels Base. </p> +<p style="top:828.9pt;left:393.8pt">The player realizes that the Cartels will not be able to execute any </p> +<p style="top:842.7pt;left:393.8pt">March, because they have only 1 Guerrilla per space (after the recent </p> +<p style="top:856.4pt;left:393.8pt">narco-war), all already protecting their Bases. So the player follows </p> +<p style="top:870.2pt;left:393.8pt">the flowchart’s “If none” arrow back up to the Rally box (8.1.1). </p> +<p style="top:883.9pt;left:393.8pt">The Cartels will Rally after all!</p> +<p style="top:906.7pt;left:393.8pt">The Rally cannot place Bases (1st bullet) but will flip Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:920.4pt;left:393.8pt">Underground (2nd bullet) in 3 of the 4 spaces with Active Cartels </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>14) </b>The AUC is up to execute the <i>National Coordination Center </i></p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">Event (<i>Limpieza</i> will be next), but the event would have no effect </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">because all AUC Guerrillas are already Underground. Therefore, </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:56.2pt">the AUC will execute Ops instead (8.1, 3rd bullet).</p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:56.2pt">The AUC does not have 6 Guerrillas available, nor is it in position </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:56.2pt">to place a Base, so it will not Rally (8.6.1). </p> +<p style="top:167.4pt;left:56.2pt">Per the Non-Player AUC flowchart, the player next checks to see if </p> +<p style="top:181.2pt;left:56.2pt">the AUC has Guerrillas in at least half the spaces with FARC Bases. </p> +<p style="top:194.9pt;left:56.2pt">There are 8 spaces with FARC Bases (Chocó, Santander, Huila, </p> +<p style="top:208.7pt;left:56.2pt">Arauca, Meta West, Meta East, Guaviare, and Ecuador). Five of the </p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:56.2pt">8 spaces have AUC Guerrillas, so the answer is “Yes”, and AUC </p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:56.2pt">therefore will not March (8.6.2). </p> +<p style="top:258.9pt;left:56.2pt">Finally, the player checks whether any Underground AUC Guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:272.7pt;left:56.2pt">is in a space with a FARC Base. There are several, so the answer </p> +<p style="top:286.4pt;left:56.2pt">is “Yes”, and thus the AUC will execute Terror rather than Attack </p> +<p style="top:300.2pt;left:56.2pt">(8.6.3-4).</p> +<p style="top:322.9pt;left:56.2pt">According to the Non-Player AUC Terror box (8.6.4), the AUC will </p> +<p style="top:336.7pt;left:56.2pt">execute Terror in up to 3 spaces with its Underground Guerrillas. The </p> +<p style="top:350.4pt;left:56.2pt">first space is one with a FARC Base. There are 5 candidate spaces, </p> +<p style="top:364.2pt;left:56.2pt">so the player rolls the dice: 1 red, 3 yellow, 2 green yields Medellín, </p> +<p style="top:377.9pt;left:56.2pt">pointing to Bucaramanga, and then to Santander—where there are </p> +<p style="top:391.7pt;left:56.2pt">Underground AUC Guerrillas and a FARC Base.</p> +<p style="top:414.4pt;left:56.2pt">The next priority (2nd bullet in the Terror box) is 1 City or Depart-</p> +<p style="top:428.2pt;left:56.2pt">ment with any FARC piece. A roll of 6, 4, 5 yields Huila, which </p> +<p style="top:441.9pt;left:56.2pt">qualifies.</p> +<p style="top:464.7pt;left:56.2pt">The final priority is in random Cities or Departments. A roll of 3, 6, </p> +<p style="top:478.4pt;left:56.2pt">2 yields Vichada, leading eventually to Putumayo—where there is </p> +<p style="top:492.2pt;left:56.2pt">an Underground AUC Guerrilla—as the third Terror space.</p> +<p style="top:514.9pt;left:56.2pt">For its Special Activity, the AUC will Assassinate in each of the </p> +<p style="top:528.7pt;left:56.2pt">Terror spaces where its Guerrillas exceed Police (8.6.4). So it will </p> +<p style="top:542.4pt;left:56.2pt">Assassinate in Santander-Boyacá (3 AUC Guerrillas, 2 Police) and </p> +<p style="top:556.2pt;left:56.2pt">Huila-Tolima (no Police) and execute Terror without Assassination </p> +<p style="top:569.9pt;left:56.2pt">in Putumayo-Caquetá (1 AUC Guerrilla and 1 Police).</p> +<p style="top:592.7pt;left:56.2pt">The Terror-Assassination in Santander removes the FARC Base </p> +<p style="top:606.4pt;left:56.2pt">(8.6.4 and 8.1.2) and shifts the space to Passive Support, and in </p> +<p style="top:620.2pt;left:56.2pt">Huila removes another FARC Base and shifts the space to Neutral. </p> +<p style="top:633.9pt;left:56.2pt">Terror in Putumayo shifts that space to Neutral. Total Support drops </p> +<p style="top:647.7pt;left:56.2pt">to 53, Opposition + FARC Bases to 11, and Aid to 8. The AUC has </p> +<p style="top:661.4pt;left:56.2pt">spent 3 Resources, down to 6.</p> +<p style="top:684.2pt;left:56.2pt">The only Eligible Faction remaining is the FARC, so it is 2nd Eli-</p> +<p style="top:697.9pt;left:56.2pt">gible. The player must determine whether it will execute the Event </p> +<p style="top:711.7pt;left:56.2pt">or Operations. The situation on the map has changed: the Terror </p> +<p style="top:725.4pt;left:56.2pt">caused some AUC Guerrillas to go Active in spaces with cubes </p> +<p style="top:739.2pt;left:56.2pt">(Santander and Putumayo). The shaded Event is no longer Ineffective </p> +<p style="top:752.9pt;left:56.2pt">and therefore can be chosen by Non-player Factions for execution </p> +<p style="top:766.7pt;left:56.2pt">(8.1, 3rd bullet). The FARC nevertheless will execute Ops instead </p> +<p style="top:780.4pt;left:56.2pt">of the Event because the card bears the gray “2” symbol, meaning </p> +<p style="top:794.2pt;left:56.2pt">2nd Eligible Non-player Factions will choose Ops rather than the </p> +<p style="top:807.9pt;left:56.2pt">Event (8.1, 2nd bullet). The FARC will not use its action simply to </p> +<p style="top:821.7pt;left:56.2pt">help its AUC adversary! </p> +<p style="top:844.4pt;left:56.2pt">The FARC can place Bases, so will Rally (8.7.1). While a player </p> +<p style="top:858.2pt;left:56.2pt">Faction’s Operation following the AUC Ops would have to be Lim-</p> +<p style="top:871.9pt;left:56.2pt">ited, the Non-player FARC is not so restricted (8.1, 5th bullet). </p> +<p style="top:894.7pt;left:56.2pt">Following the Non-player FARC Rally box (8.7.1), FARC first re-</p> +<p style="top:908.4pt;left:56.2pt">places Guerrillas with Bases. There are 2 spaces, Huila-Tolima and </p> +</div> + +<div id="page23" style="background-image:url('playbook23.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>23</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">Guaviare—removing 1 AUC Guerrilla and 1 Police. The Ambush </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">in Santander removes 2 Underground AUC Guerrillas, leaving 1 </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">Active AUC Guerrilla in the space (8.1.2, 3rd bullet) and places a </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt">new Underground FARC Guerrilla.</p> +<p style="top:476.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Central Colombia after the FARC counter-offensive.</i></p> +<p style="top:499.7pt;left:407.2pt"><i>The FARC’s attacks have preempted potential AUC Assas-</i></p> +<p style="top:513.4pt;left:407.2pt"><i>sinations and solidified its forces’ control of several Depart-</i></p> +<p style="top:527.2pt;left:407.2pt"><i>ments where later Agitation can re-generate Opposition.</i></p> +<p style="top:549.9pt;left:393.8pt">The AUC is 2nd Eligible. Because the FARC used a Special Activity </p> +<p style="top:563.7pt;left:393.8pt">(Ambush)—and because the Oil Spill card has no gray “2nd: Ops” </p> +<p style="top:577.4pt;left:393.8pt">symbol—the AUC executes the shaded Event (8.1, 2nd bullet). </p> +<p style="top:600.2pt;left:393.8pt">The first instruction on the Event is to Sabotage a Pipeline. Random </p> +<p style="top:613.9pt;left:393.8pt">LoC selection (8.3) begins with the highest Econ: all 3-Econ Pipe-</p> +<p style="top:627.7pt;left:393.8pt">lines are already Sabotaged, so the player must randomly select a </p> +<p style="top:641.4pt;left:393.8pt">2-Econ Pipeline to receive a Sabotage marker. The next step is to </p> +<p style="top:655.2pt;left:393.8pt">find a LoC candidate adjacent to a random City (8.3, 2nd bullet). </p> +<p style="top:668.9pt;left:393.8pt">A roll of 6, 6, 3 turns up first the City of Cali—it has no 2-Econ </p> +<p style="top:682.7pt;left:393.8pt">LoCs adjacent—and then leads to Ibagué—which does. The player </p> +<p style="top:696.4pt;left:393.8pt">places a Sabotage marker on the central Ibagué-Bucaramanga-Bo-</p> +<p style="top:710.2pt;left:393.8pt">gotá Pipeline.</p> +<p style="top:732.9pt;left:393.8pt">The Event next says to shift a Department adjacent to the selected </p> +<p style="top:746.7pt;left:393.8pt">Pipeline 1 level toward Active Opposition. Non-player shifts of </p> +<p style="top:760.4pt;left:393.8pt">Support or Opposition via Event text first select spaces with the </p> +<p style="top:774.2pt;left:393.8pt">greatest impact on Total Support and Total Opposition (8.4.3)—typi-</p> +<p style="top:787.9pt;left:393.8pt">cally meaning wherever the greatest Population resides. All three </p> +<p style="top:801.7pt;left:393.8pt">Departments adjacent to the affected Pipeline have 2 Population, so </p> +<p style="top:815.4pt;left:393.8pt">that a 1-level shift in any would affect either Support or Opposition </p> +<p style="top:829.2pt;left:393.8pt">totals by 2. So the player rolls to select a space among them: 6, 6, 6 </p> +<p style="top:842.9pt;left:393.8pt">points from Chocó to Antioquia—the AUC heartland—which shifts </p> +<p style="top:856.7pt;left:393.8pt">to Passive Opposition. Total Opposition + FARC Bases is now 15.</p> +<p style="top:879.4pt;left:393.8pt"><b>17)</b> Play of <i>Deserters & Defectors</i> reveals <i>Ayahuasca Tourism. </i></p> +<p style="top:893.2pt;left:393.8pt">The Cartels Rally to flip their Active Guerrilla in Putumayo and </p> +<p style="top:906.9pt;left:393.8pt">to place 2 Guerrillas each into Meta East—to cover their exposed </p> +<p style="top:920.7pt;left:393.8pt">Base there—and in the randomly-selected Atlántico-Magdalena, to </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas, cubes, and a Cartels Base: Medellín, Cali, Putumayo, </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">and Meta East. Die rolls determine that Rally flips the Guerrillas in </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">Medellín, Cali, and Meta East. The Cartels spend 3 Resources, down </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:56.2pt">to 17—having protected their urban Bases from Assault.</p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:56.2pt">By the flowchart, the Cartels then Cultivate. They cannot execute the </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:56.2pt">1st bullet of the Cultivate box, to place a Base in a Department just </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:56.2pt">selected for Rally: the only such Department was Meta East, where </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:56.2pt">there is no stacking room and as many Police as Cartels Guerrillas. </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:56.2pt">By the 2nd bullet, the Cartels would move a Base to a space with no </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels Bases, but that is also not possible: Cartels Guerrillas in the </p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:56.2pt">destination space must outnumber Police, and all Cartels Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:56.2pt">on the map are already with Cartels Bases. So, by the 3rd bullet, the </p> +<p style="top:240.9pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels execute no Special Activity.</p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:56.2pt">The Government is 2nd Eligible and—because the 1st Eligible </p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels executed Operations only—may only execute a Limited </p> +<p style="top:291.2pt;left:56.2pt">Operation or Pass. Frustrated in not being able to strike a greater </p> +<p style="top:304.9pt;left:56.2pt">blow at the recently exposed Cartels, the player decides at least to </p> +<p style="top:318.7pt;left:56.2pt">Assault and remove the 2 unprotected Cartels Bases in Neiva. The </p> +<p style="top:332.4pt;left:56.2pt">Government spends 3 Resources, down to 13. </p> +<p style="top:482.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Neiva cleaned up, but the Medellín and Cali Cartels remain securely </i></p> +<p style="top:496.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>in business.</i></p> +<p style="top:519.2pt;left:56.2pt"><b>16) </b>The FARC is up, 1st Eligible with Oil Spill (Deserters & De-</p> +<p style="top:532.9pt;left:56.2pt">fectors will be next). It is not leftmost, so executes Ops. While the </p> +<p style="top:546.7pt;left:56.2pt">FARC has Guerrillas positioned to place a Base in Vichada, it has </p> +<p style="top:560.4pt;left:56.2pt">no Bases available, so will not Rally (8.7.1). </p> +<p style="top:583.2pt;left:56.2pt">The next question (next diamond-shaped box down on the Non-</p> +<p style="top:596.9pt;left:56.2pt">Player FARC flowchart) is whether a space with Support or a LoC </p> +<p style="top:610.7pt;left:56.2pt">has 3 or more FARC forces or an Underground FARC Guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:624.4pt;left:56.2pt">(8.7.2). No LoCs host FARC pieces, but several spaces with either </p> +<p style="top:638.2pt;left:56.2pt">Active or Passive Support do. So the answer is “Yes”, leading down </p> +<p style="top:651.9pt;left:56.2pt">the flowchart to the next diamond question. </p> +<p style="top:674.7pt;left:56.2pt">That question is whether the FARC has more Resources than </p> +<p style="top:688.4pt;left:56.2pt">the Government. The FARC has 24 Resources compared to the </p> +<p style="top:702.2pt;left:56.2pt">Government’s 13, so the answer is “Yes”, and so the FARC will </p> +<p style="top:715.9pt;left:56.2pt">Attack (8.7.3).</p> +<p style="top:738.7pt;left:56.2pt">According to the Attack box, the FARC will Attack enemies in all </p> +<p style="top:752.4pt;left:56.2pt">spaces with at least 3 FARC Guerrillas, plus in 1 other space where </p> +<p style="top:766.2pt;left:56.2pt">the FARC could Ambush. The player marks Chocó-Córdoba, Meta </p> +<p style="top:779.9pt;left:56.2pt">West, Meta East, and Guaviare with Ops pawns, then rolls 2, 3, 3 </p> +<p style="top:793.7pt;left:56.2pt">to determine that Santander will be the 1 other space—a total of 5 </p> +<p style="top:807.4pt;left:56.2pt">Attack spaces. FARC Resources drop to 19.</p> +<p style="top:830.2pt;left:56.2pt">For its Special Activity, the FARC will Ambush in the Attack space </p> +<p style="top:843.9pt;left:56.2pt">with the fewest FARC Guerrillas: Santander-Boyacá.</p> +<p style="top:866.7pt;left:56.2pt">All Attacking FARC Guerrillas go Active. There are no Ship-</p> +<p style="top:880.4pt;left:56.2pt">ments to target, so Attacks will remove AUC, then Government, </p> +<p style="top:894.2pt;left:56.2pt">then Cartels pieces (8.7.3). The Attack rolls and results are: 6 in </p> +<p style="top:907.9pt;left:56.2pt">Chocó—failing; 2 in Meta West—removing 2 AUC Guerrillas ; 2 </p> +<p style="top:921.7pt;left:56.2pt">in Meta East—removing 1 Police and 1 Cartels Guerrilla; and 4 in </p> +</div> + +<div id="page24" style="background-image:url('playbook24.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>24</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">set up a Cultivation that places a second Base there as well. Cartels </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">Resources drop to 14.</p> +<p style="top:103.4pt;left:56.2pt">The player contemplates a Limited Operation, but wants to save </p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:56.2pt">the Government’s diminished Resources for an Op with a Special </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:56.2pt">Activity. With no options on the next card, a Pass is also uninvit-</p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:56.2pt">ing. So the Government executes the <i>Deserters & Defectors</i> Event </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:56.2pt">in a bid to hang on to the Active Support in Guaviare. The player </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:56.2pt">replaces 2 FARC Guerrillas in Guaviare with (Underground) Cartels </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas, robbing FARC forces of Control there.</p> +<p style="top:208.7pt;left:56.2pt"><b>18)</b> Play of <i>Ayahuasca Tourism</i> reveals a <i>Propaganda!</i> card beneath. </p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:56.2pt">The AUC, 1st Eligible but not leftmost on <i>Ayahuasca Tourism,</i> will </p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:56.2pt">execute Ops. After taking losses in the recent FARC Attacks, the </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:56.2pt">AUC again has at least 6 Guerrillas available, so will Rally in up </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:56.2pt">to 3 spaces (8.6.1). Its first 2 Rally bullets do not apply. But the </p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:56.2pt">first priority within the 3rd bullet—to place Guerrillas at all FARC </p> +<p style="top:291.2pt;left:56.2pt">Bases—applies to 4 spaces where the AUC could Rally: Chocó-</p> +<p style="top:304.9pt;left:56.2pt">Córdoba, Huila-Tolima, Ecuador, and Guaviare. Random space </p> +<p style="top:318.7pt;left:56.2pt">rolls determine that the 3 of the 4 spaces to receive AUC Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:332.4pt;left:56.2pt">are Huila, Ecuador, and Guaviare: each receives 1 Underground </p> +<p style="top:346.2pt;left:56.2pt">AUC Guerrilla.</p> +<p style="top:368.9pt;left:56.2pt">The AUC then Extorts (8.6.1) in Antioquia. AUC Resources end </p> +<p style="top:382.7pt;left:56.2pt">the move at 4.</p> +<p style="top:405.4pt;left:56.2pt">The FARC, 2nd Eligible, then executes the Event, because <i>Aya-</i></p> +<p style="top:419.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>huasca Tourism</i> has no 2nd: Ops symbol. Although the FARC is </p> +<p style="top:432.9pt;left:56.2pt">executing the Event, the relevant special instructions are on the </p> +<p style="top:446.7pt;left:56.2pt">Non-Player Cartels sheet, because the Cartels symbol is leftmost </p> +<p style="top:460.4pt;left:56.2pt">on the <i>Ayahuasca Tourism</i> card. Per the instructions, it will be the </p> +<p style="top:474.2pt;left:56.2pt">FARC’s Guerrillas that execute free Terror, Active Guerrillas before </p> +<p style="top:487.9pt;left:56.2pt">Underground (since “any” Guerrillas can be used).</p> +<p style="top:510.7pt;left:56.2pt">FARC Terror hits Chocó-Córdoba, Nariño-Cauca, Putumayo-Ca-</p> +<p style="top:524.4pt;left:56.2pt">quetá, Meta West, and Guaviare. Each of those Forest Departments </p> +<p style="top:538.2pt;left:56.2pt">adds a Terror marker and shifts 1 level toward Active Opposition. </p> +<p style="top:551.9pt;left:56.2pt">Total Support drops to 50, and Opposition + Bases rises to 17. The </p> +<p style="top:565.7pt;left:56.2pt">Underground FARC Guerrilla in Nariño-Cauca goes Active. FARC </p> +<p style="top:579.4pt;left:56.2pt">adds +15 Resources to 34.</p> +<p style="top:602.2pt;left:69.8pt"><i>Government efforts to generate Support in the lowlands </i></p> +<p style="top:615.9pt;left:69.8pt"><i>have proven vulnerable to the continued presence of FARC </i></p> +<p style="top:629.7pt;left:69.8pt"><i>guerrillas. The amply resourced leftist rebels will generate </i></p> +<p style="top:643.4pt;left:69.8pt"><i>even more Opposition by Agitating in the coming Propa-</i></p> +<p style="top:657.2pt;left:69.8pt"><i>ganda Round.</i></p> +<p style="top:679.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>19)</b> The second<i> Propaganda!</i> card proceeds as follows:</p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">VICTORY: Again, no Faction has met its Victory condition.</p> +<p style="top:89.7pt;left:393.8pt">CONTROL: The player puts Govt Control markers in Santander-</p> +<p style="top:103.4pt;left:393.8pt">Boyacá, Nariño-Cauca, and the 2 Cities where Civic Action will be </p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:393.8pt">possible: Medellín and Cali (mentally noting for possible Redeploy-</p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt">ment that all other Cities also are Govt Controlled). The player marks </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">FARC Control where Agitation will be possible: Chocó-Córdoba </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:393.8pt">and Meta East.</p> +<p style="top:181.2pt;left:393.8pt">RESOURCES: Government Resources—crimped by pipeline dis-</p> +<p style="top:194.9pt;left:393.8pt">ruptions and lack of aid—increase by only 19, to 32. The FARC’s </p> +<p style="top:208.7pt;left:393.8pt">grow to 43, the AUC’s to 6, and the Cartels’ to 44.</p> +<p style="top:231.4pt;left:393.8pt">SUPPORT: The player decides that the Government is too poor to </p> +<p style="top:245.2pt;left:393.8pt">create Support everywhere it has established Control—especially </p> +<p style="top:258.9pt;left:393.8pt">before the political effects of terror have faded. Civic Action could </p> +<p style="top:272.7pt;left:393.8pt">bump Support in Santander-Boyacá, but FARC and especially AUC </p> +<p style="top:286.4pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrillas there are likely to execute Terror again, so the player </p> +<p style="top:300.2pt;left:393.8pt">decides to wait. Nariño-Cauca is Controlled by Police but has no </p> +<p style="top:313.9pt;left:393.8pt">Troops positioned for Civic Action. Only the populous Medellín and </p> +<p style="top:327.7pt;left:393.8pt">Cali seem like defensible venues for Civic Action, bringing Total </p> +<p style="top:341.4pt;left:393.8pt">Support from 50 to 56 and spending 12 Resources down to 20. </p> +<p style="top:364.2pt;left:393.8pt">Flush, the FARC again Agitates wherever it can (8.7.5). Spending 6 </p> +<p style="top:377.9pt;left:393.8pt">Resources (down to 38), it removes Terror from and shifts Chocó-</p> +<p style="top:391.7pt;left:393.8pt">Córdoba and Meta East each to Active Opposition. Opposition + </p> +<p style="top:405.4pt;left:393.8pt">Bases grows to 20, while Total Support drops back 1 point to 55. </p> +<p style="top:428.2pt;left:393.8pt">An Election finally removes Samper in favor of Pastrana. The </p> +<p style="top:441.9pt;left:393.8pt">player places a FARC Zone where the FARC has the most pieces, </p> +<p style="top:455.7pt;left:393.8pt">in Meta East.</p> +<p style="top:478.4pt;left:393.8pt">Elite Backing still cannot place a Base, but the AUC can place a </p> +<p style="top:492.2pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrilla with a FARC Base (8.6.1). By random selection, the new </p> +<p style="top:505.9pt;left:393.8pt">AUC Guerrilla is placed in Guaviare—putting the AUC in a 3-way </p> +<p style="top:519.7pt;left:393.8pt">race to establish the next Insurgent Base there.</p> +<p style="top:542.4pt;left:393.8pt">The Cartels are coming on strong despite the Government-sponsored </p> +<p style="top:556.2pt;left:393.8pt">narco-war, and the FARC has accomplished a resurgence. Removal </p> +<p style="top:569.9pt;left:393.8pt">of Cartels and FARC Bases should be a Government priority next </p> +<p style="top:583.7pt;left:393.8pt">campaign. </p> +<p style="top:606.4pt;left:393.8pt">Had this been the final Propaganda Round, the outcome would have </p> +<p style="top:620.2pt;left:393.8pt">been as follows. Victory margins:</p> +<p style="top:638.4pt;left:393.8pt"> Government –5</p> +<p style="top:652.2pt;left:393.8pt"> FARC –5</p> +<p style="top:665.9pt;left:393.8pt"> AUC –7</p> +<p style="top:679.7pt;left:393.8pt"> Cartels 0.</p> +<p style="top:702.4pt;left:472.8pt">The Government’s margin would be 5 below (5 </p> +<p style="top:716.2pt;left:472.8pt">worse than) the highest Insurgent margin, the Car-</p> +<p style="top:729.9pt;left:472.8pt">tels’—a score of less than 0 for a result of “COIN </p> +<p style="top:743.7pt;left:472.8pt">Failure” (8.8).</p> +<p style="top:766.4pt;left:472.8pt">Fortunately for the player, this was not the final </p> +<p style="top:780.2pt;left:472.8pt">round. Nevertheless, here ends our example (a </p> +<p style="top:793.9pt;left:472.8pt">game played by the designer), having introduced </p> +<p style="top:807.7pt;left:472.8pt">most routines used in solitaire play. You can con-</p> +<p style="top:821.4pt;left:472.8pt">tinue from here against the Insurgents: reveal the </p> +<p style="top:835.2pt;left:472.8pt">next card after <i>Propaganda!</i>, Redeploy Govern-</p> +<p style="top:848.9pt;left:472.8pt">ment Forces per 6.5, Reset per 6.6, and play the </p> +<p style="top:862.7pt;left:472.8pt">next card. ... Or start a new game on your own. </p> +<p style="top:876.4pt;left:472.8pt">Best of luck!</p> +<p style="top:916.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>“Ayahuasca Terrorism” strikes the southern forests.</i></p> +</div> + +<div id="page25" style="background-image:url('playbook25.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>25</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">Non-Player FARC March Example</span></b></p> +<p style="top:90.9pt;left:56.2pt">The occasional March by FARC can be the most intricate Non-player </p> +<p style="top:104.6pt;left:56.2pt">Operation to implement. To follow this example, first set up the map </p> +<p style="top:118.4pt;left:56.2pt">as if for a new game (2.1), then place 2 more FARC Guerrillas in </p> +<p style="top:132.1pt;left:56.2pt">each space with a FARC Base except Huila-Tolima (5 spaces). Or </p> +<p style="top:145.9pt;left:56.2pt">simply refer to the nearby illustration. </p> +<p style="top:168.6pt;left:56.2pt">It is early in a 1-player game, and the FARC is to March. Follow </p> +<p style="top:182.4pt;left:56.2pt">along the bullet lists in the March box of the Non-Player FARC </p> +<p style="top:196.1pt;left:56.2pt">flowchart sheet, referring as needed to Rules section 8.7.2. </p> +<p style="top:218.9pt;left:56.2pt">Non-player FARC will March between all applicable adjacent spaces </p> +<p style="top:232.6pt;left:56.2pt">until it runs out of Resources or candidate Guerrillas. It is easiest </p> +<p style="top:246.4pt;left:56.2pt">to begin by determining which spaces have FARC Guerrillas that </p> +<p style="top:260.1pt;left:56.2pt">can March by the bottom 2 bullets of the March box (8.7.2). The </p> +<p style="top:273.9pt;left:56.2pt">FARC will March only from spaces already at Active Opposition, </p> +<p style="top:287.6pt;left:56.2pt">spaces with 0 Population, or LoCs already Sabotaged. As an added </p> +<p style="top:301.4pt;left:56.2pt">stricture, the FARC must leave 1 Guerrilla in each space where any </p> +<p style="top:315.1pt;left:56.2pt">Faction has a Base. In the example, all spaces with FARC Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:328.9pt;left:56.2pt">qualify as origins for March except Santander-Boyacá and Huila-</p> +<p style="top:342.6pt;left:56.2pt">Tolima (each with Population not in Active Opposition, as well as </p> +<p style="top:356.4pt;left:56.2pt">having only 1 FARC Guerrilla with a Base). </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">By the 1st bullet in the March box (8.7.2), because the next Propa-</p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">ganda will not be final, the FARC Marches 1 Guerrilla onto each </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">unSabotaged LoC that the FARC can reach and that does not already </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt">have a Guerrilla. </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>A. </b>The FARC selects highest Econ LoCs first (8.3), so 1 Guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:410.0pt">Marches from Arauca-Casanare onto the adjacent 3-Econ </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:410.0pt">Pipeline—the only 3-Econ LoC that FARC can reach. </p> +<p style="top:175.8pt;left:393.8pt"><b>B. </b>Among 2-Econ LoCs, the FARC can reach only Sincelejo-</p> +<p style="top:189.5pt;left:410.0pt">Medellín, Bogotá-Neiva, and Bogotá-Yopal. A Chocó Guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:203.3pt;left:410.0pt">Marches onto the Sincelejo Pipeline, and a Meta West Guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:217.0pt;left:410.0pt">onto Bogotá-Neiva. The FARC can reach Bogotá-Yopal from </p> +<p style="top:230.8pt;left:410.0pt">either Arauca or Meta East: an equal-chance roll (8.2, 8.7.2 note) </p> +<p style="top:244.5pt;left:410.0pt">determines that a FARC Guerrilla Marches from Meta East. </p> +<p style="top:261.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>C. </b>Guerrillas can reach several 1-Econ LoCs, so the player selects </p> +<p style="top:275.6pt;left:410.0pt">destination LoCs in random order: the random-selected City </p> +<p style="top:289.4pt;left:410.0pt">Medellín has a 1-Econ LoC to the south, onto which a Guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:303.1pt;left:410.0pt">Marches from Chocó. On another Random City roll, the first </p> +<p style="top:316.9pt;left:410.0pt">City adjacent to an unoccupied 1-Econ LoC that the FARC can </p> +<p style="top:330.6pt;left:410.0pt">reach is Bogotá, so a Guerrilla will March onto the San José </p> +<p style="top:344.4pt;left:410.0pt">del Guaviare Road. A roll determines that the FARC Guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:358.1pt;left:410.0pt">moves from Meta West. </p> +</div> + +<div id="page26" style="background-image:url('playbook26.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>26</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>D. </b>The only other reachable LoCs that do not already hold FARC </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:72.5pt">Guerrillas are those adjacent to Nariño and Putumayo. (Chocó’s 1 </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:72.5pt">remaining Guerrilla in will not March away from the Base there.) </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:72.5pt">One of the 2 Putumayo FARC Guerrillas enters the Neiva-Pasto </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:72.5pt">Road (the only way for FARC to reach that LoC). A roll selects </p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:72.5pt">the Pasto-Tumaco Road as destination for the lone Guerrilla from </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:72.5pt">Nariño (where there is no Base). </p> +<p style="top:166.8pt;left:56.3pt"><b>E. </b>By the 2nd bullet in the March box (8.7.2), the FARC will now </p> +<p style="top:180.5pt;left:72.5pt">March into up to 3 spaces at Support or Neutral where Agitation </p> +<p style="top:194.3pt;left:72.5pt">(6.4.2) is not yet possible, selecting first those spaces where a </p> +<p style="top:208.0pt;left:72.5pt">March that keeps Underground Guerrillas Underground (3.3.2) </p> +<p style="top:221.8pt;left:72.5pt">is possible. Spaces meeting those priorities include Antioquia-</p> +<p style="top:235.5pt;left:72.5pt">Bolívar and all the Cities with just 1 cube—a good reason to </p> +<p style="top:249.3pt;left:72.5pt">garrison your Cities as the Government! (Huila-Tolima—though </p> +<p style="top:263.0pt;left:72.5pt">Neutral—does not qualify because Agitation is already possible; </p> +<p style="top:276.8pt;left:72.5pt">Santander-Boyacá and the larger Cities are lower priority </p> +<p style="top:290.5pt;left:72.5pt">because any FARC Guerrillas Marching in would go Active.) </p> +<p style="top:304.3pt;left:72.5pt">No remaining candidate Marching Guerrillas are adjacent to </p> +<p style="top:318.0pt;left:72.5pt">Antioquia, any northern Cities, nor Pasto. So the remaining </p> +<p style="top:331.8pt;left:72.5pt">highest-priority destination—Neiva—receives an Underground </p> +<p style="top:345.5pt;left:72.5pt">FARC Guerrilla from Meta West, leaving a last FARC Guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:359.3pt;left:72.5pt">with the Bases there (costing FARC 1 Resource, down to 9). </p> +<p style="top:376.6pt;left:56.3pt"><b>F. </b>Only 3 origin spaces remain: Arauca-Casanare, Meta East, and </p> +<p style="top:390.4pt;left:72.5pt">Guaviare. Arauca can reach the lower-priority destination of </p> +<p style="top:404.1pt;left:72.5pt">Santander-Boyacá, and Meta East either Santander or Bogotá. </p> +<p style="top:417.9pt;left:72.5pt">A roll selects Santander: a Guerrilla each from Arauca and Meta </p> +<p style="top:431.6pt;left:72.5pt">East enter Santander and go Active (Resources to 8). </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>G. </b>Only Guaviare remains as an origin, and it cannot reach a 3rd </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:410.0pt">space for the March box’s 2nd bullet. So the player consults the </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:410.0pt">final “March To” bullet: March to a space with greater than 0 </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:410.0pt">Population from the space with the most FARC Guerrillas that </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:410.0pt">could still move. Guaviare will be the origin and either Meta </p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:410.0pt">East, Meta West, or Putumayo-Caquetá the destination. A roll </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:410.0pt">selects Meta East, and so 3 Guerrillas March there from Guaviare </p> +<p style="top:163.2pt;left:410.0pt">(Resources to 7). March priorities are at an end—FARC will now </p> +<p style="top:176.9pt;left:410.0pt">Extort (8.7.1).</p> +<p style="top:211.0pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">What if a Non-Player Faction </span></b></p> +<p style="top:233.5pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">Cannot Execute its Assigned </span></b></p> +<p style="top:256.0pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">Operation? </span></b></p> +<p style="top:279.5pt;left:393.8pt">Rarely, a Non-player flowchart will lead to a type of Operation that </p> +<p style="top:293.3pt;left:393.8pt">that Faction cannot execute in the given situation on the board, even </p> +<p style="top:307.0pt;left:393.8pt">though it has Resources. In such a case, rule 8.1.1 “OP NOT POS-</p> +<p style="top:320.8pt;left:393.8pt">SIBLE” kicks in: follow the curved “if none” arrow up one box and </p> +<p style="top:334.5pt;left:393.8pt">execute that next higher Operation (and then Special Activity) on the </p> +<p style="top:348.3pt;left:393.8pt">chart instead. If Rally is assigned but impossible, Pass instead. </p> +<p style="top:371.0pt;left:393.8pt">Examples that can arise include: </p> +<p style="top:389.3pt;left:393.8pt">• Cartels March when Cartels Guerrillas are spread 1 per Cartels </p> +<p style="top:403.0pt;left:405.0pt">Base space. </p> +<p style="top:420.4pt;left:393.8pt">• AUC Attack when the AUC has only 1 or 2 Active Guerrillas in </p> +<p style="top:434.1pt;left:405.0pt">each target space. </p> +<p style="top:451.5pt;left:393.8pt">• FARC Terror when FARC Guerrillas are all Active or they occupy </p> +<p style="top:465.2pt;left:405.0pt">only already-Sabotage LoCs and no Kidnap targets or spaces that </p> +<p style="top:479.0pt;left:405.0pt">could be shifted toward Active Opposition.</p> +</div> + +<div id="page27" style="background-image:url('playbook27.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>27</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:182.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">DESIGN NOTES</span></b></p> +<p style="top:206.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> seeks to depict Colombia’s recent struggle in a </p> +<p style="top:219.9pt;left:56.2pt">game that captures key principles of insurgency and counterinsurgen-</p> +<p style="top:233.7pt;left:56.2pt">cy (COIN). Such principles include a focus on legitimacy (popular </p> +<p style="top:247.4pt;left:56.2pt">support or opposition), the contest between government firepower </p> +<p style="top:261.2pt;left:56.2pt">and guerrilla information advantage, and multiparty warfare. I aimed </p> +<p style="top:274.9pt;left:56.2pt">to present the topic via rules no harder to learn than <i>Labyrinth: The </i></p> +<p style="top:288.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>War on Terror</i> and with enthralling gameplay spanning multiplayer, </p> +<p style="top:302.4pt;left:56.2pt">2-player, and solitaire. These Notes go into some of the reasoning </p> +<p style="top:316.2pt;left:56.2pt">and history behind the game and its mechanics.</p> +<p style="top:342.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Origins</b></p> +<p style="top:359.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why a COIN Series?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:378.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Insurgency is the most widespread form of warfare today. Indeed, </i></p> +<p style="top:391.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>though military establishments persist in regarding it as “irregu-</i></p> +<p style="top:405.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>lar” or “unconventional”, guerrilla war has been the commonest </i></p> +<p style="top:419.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>of conflicts throughout history, occurring in one variety or another </i></p> +<p style="top:433.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>in almost all known societies. </i></p> +<p style="top:452.5pt;left:56.2pt"> —David Kilcullen, <i>Counterinsurgency,</i> 2010 </p> +<p style="top:475.3pt;left:56.2pt">Much like the study of warfare (in my country at least), board </p> +<p style="top:489.0pt;left:56.2pt">wargaming traditionally has focused on conventional conflict. Even </p> +<p style="top:502.8pt;left:56.2pt">within the realm of modern conflict, designers often choose hypo-</p> +<p style="top:516.5pt;left:56.2pt">thetical conventional wars rather than real, ongoing insurgencies. </p> +<p style="top:539.3pt;left:56.2pt">This fact leaves fields of virgin snow for the game designer who </p> +<p style="top:553.0pt;left:56.2pt">would venture into the complicated topic of insurgency—the effort </p> +<p style="top:566.8pt;left:56.2pt">of armed groups to use both violent and non-violent means to affect </p> +<p style="top:580.5pt;left:56.2pt">political affairs within a state. I design and play wargames in part </p> +<p style="top:594.3pt;left:56.2pt">to grapple with historically relevant issues, and the frequency of </p> +<p style="top:608.0pt;left:56.2pt">insurgency in our life-times surely makes it among the most relevant </p> +<p style="top:621.8pt;left:56.2pt">sorts to conflicts to us today. </p> +<p style="top:644.5pt;left:56.2pt">Perhaps because insurgency (like terrorism) so intimately blends </p> +<p style="top:658.3pt;left:56.2pt">politics with the use of force, too few boardgames have succeeded in </p> +<p style="top:672.0pt;left:56.2pt">adequately representing even the fundamentals of counterinsurgency </p> +<p style="top:685.8pt;left:56.2pt">(or COIN), such as the complex relationship between area control </p> +<p style="top:699.5pt;left:56.2pt">and political legitimacy, to name just one. </p> +<p style="top:722.3pt;left:56.2pt">The first board wargame that I came across that delved substantially </p> +<p style="top:736.0pt;left:56.2pt">into COIN was Nick Karp’s <i>Vietnam 1965-1975</i> (Victory Games, </p> +<p style="top:749.8pt;left:56.2pt">1984), and once I played it, I was hooked on gaming guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:763.5pt;left:56.2pt">ambushes in the jungle, airborne sweeps, pacification, and the rest. </p> +<p style="top:777.3pt;left:56.2pt">But, for all its merits in depicting COIN, <i>Vietnam</i> still focused on </p> +<p style="top:791.0pt;left:56.2pt">the maneuvers and clashes of big military units, with political affairs </p> +<p style="top:804.8pt;left:56.2pt">as a backdrop, and in any event took several hundred hours to play </p> +<p style="top:818.5pt;left:56.2pt">if its political-strategic aspects were to be included.</p> +<p style="top:841.3pt;left:56.2pt">The greatest recent advances in boardgaming COIN, in my view, are </p> +<p style="top:855.0pt;left:56.2pt">to be found in the designs of Canadian Brian Train. Brian’s wargames </p> +<p style="top:868.8pt;left:56.2pt">feature insurgency itself (rather than a hex-and-counter tradition) </p> +<p style="top:882.5pt;left:56.2pt">as their starting perspective, then build accessible simulations from </p> +<p style="top:896.3pt;left:56.2pt">there. His <i>Algeria: The War of Independence, 1954-1962</i> (Fiery </p> +<p style="top:910.0pt;left:56.2pt">Dragon, 2006) more than any other game, provided the conceptual </p> +<p style="top:923.8pt;left:56.2pt">basis for <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i>. <i>ANDEAN ABYSS’s</i> mechanics rendering </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">asymmetric Operations, Troops and Police, Underground Guer-</p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">rillas, Government Redeploy and Guerrilla March, Civic Action, </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">territorial Control, Terror and political Support all have starting </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt">points in <i>Algeria.</i></p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt">The menu of topics for future volumes in the COIN Series is rich. </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">For Volume II, <i>Cuba Libre,</i> <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> playtester Jeff Gross-</p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:393.8pt">man and I adapted the Colombia game to Fidel Castro’s 1957-1958 </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:393.8pt">insurgency. <i>Cuba Libre</i> exploits the same core system for ease of </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:393.8pt">learning, but portrays a far different insurgency and four factions </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:393.8pt">that each plays quite differently from those in <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i>. I </p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:393.8pt">plan the COIN Series in future to visit Africa, East Asia, and the </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:393.8pt">Mid-East—design time and gamer interest being the only limits.</p> +<p style="top:250.7pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why Colombia?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:269.4pt;left:393.8pt">With the wide menu of topics available, I chose Colombia for COIN </p> +<p style="top:283.2pt;left:393.8pt">Volume I both because it is among those topics under-treated in con-</p> +<p style="top:296.9pt;left:393.8pt">flict simulation and because of the remarkable richness of its story. </p> +<p style="top:310.7pt;left:393.8pt">As far as I know, only one other boardgame about Colombia’s recent </p> +<p style="top:324.4pt;left:393.8pt">insurgency exists, <i>Crisis Games:</i> <i>Colombia</i> by Karsten and Kaarin </p> +<p style="top:338.2pt;left:393.8pt">Engelmann, (published in 1990, coincidentally, from my own town </p> +<p style="top:351.9pt;left:393.8pt">of Vienna, Virginia). And that, printed over 20 years ago, predates </p> +<p style="top:365.7pt;left:393.8pt">the period that <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> depicts.</p> +<p style="top:388.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>The violence has worsened in Colombia, as the insurgent armed </i></p> +<p style="top:402.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>struggle has become more entrenched and widespread. The most </i></p> +<p style="top:415.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>violent zones of the country are those where two or more of the ac-</i></p> +<p style="top:429.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>tors involved in social conflict—guerrillas, drug cartels, and illegal </i></p> +<p style="top:443.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>self-defense (paramilitary) groups—are active.</i></p> +<p style="top:462.8pt;left:393.8pt"> —<i>Colombian Labyrinth,</i> RAND Project Air Force, 2001</p> +<p style="top:485.5pt;left:393.8pt">Colombia’s recent history features a full array of combatants of </p> +<p style="top:499.3pt;left:393.8pt">different objectives and tactics, ample to fuel a 4-way asymmetric </p> +<p style="top:513.0pt;left:393.8pt">multiplayer game. The Colombian state in the mid-1990s faced </p> +<p style="top:526.8pt;left:393.8pt">several simultaneous and well-resourced insurgencies—the FARC </p> +<p style="top:540.5pt;left:393.8pt">and its ally ELN, the Cali Cartel and its successors, and the AUC. </p> +<p style="top:554.3pt;left:393.8pt">By the mid-2000s, the state had contained each of them as significant </p> +<p style="top:568.0pt;left:393.8pt">threats to governance. How? I wanted to explore that.</p> +<p style="top:590.8pt;left:393.8pt">It was in the period chosen for the game that the Colombian Gov-</p> +<p style="top:604.5pt;left:393.8pt">ernment learned how to do COIN—jointly by military and civil </p> +<p style="top:618.3pt;left:393.8pt">institutions, extending state presence throughout the national terri-</p> +<p style="top:632.0pt;left:393.8pt">tory, building legitimacy by taking on all illegal armed groups. (See </p> +<p style="top:645.8pt;left:393.8pt">“Why does only the Government get permanent events?” below.) </p> +<p style="top:659.5pt;left:393.8pt">According to some researchers, Colombia is a model COIN success, </p> +<p style="top:673.3pt;left:393.8pt">and indeed the Colombians are now teaching other states. </p> +<p style="top:696.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why multiplayer?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:715.5pt;left:393.8pt">My previous designs, <i>Labyrinth</i> and<i> Wilderness War,</i> feature 2-way </p> +<p style="top:729.3pt;left:393.8pt">asymmetry of roles as a central theme. I wished my next design to </p> +<p style="top:743.0pt;left:393.8pt">take asymmetry to a new level: 4-way, including a solitaire experi-</p> +<p style="top:756.8pt;left:393.8pt">ence that would bring home the complex interplay of many interests </p> +<p style="top:770.5pt;left:393.8pt">that is COIN.</p> +<p style="top:793.3pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Counterinsurgency is fundamentally a competition between many </i></p> +<p style="top:807.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>groups, each seeking to mobilize the population in support of its </i></p> +<p style="top:820.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>agenda—counterinsurgency is always more than two-sided. </i></p> +<p style="top:840.2pt;left:403.8pt">—Kilcullen, “Twenty-eight Articles”, reproduced in <i>Counter-</i></p> +<p style="top:853.9pt;left:403.8pt"><i>insurgency</i></p> +<p style="top:876.7pt;left:393.8pt">In <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i>, the 4-way contest allows exploration, for </p> +<p style="top:890.4pt;left:393.8pt">example, of the ambiguous, multi-faceted relationships between </p> +<p style="top:904.2pt;left:393.8pt">Colombia’s Government and the right-wing AUC paramilitaries, </p> +<p style="top:917.9pt;left:393.8pt">and between the FARC and the drug cartels. How long do such </p> +</div> + +<div id="page28" style="background-image:url('playbook28.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>28</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">uncomfortable bedfellows cooperate? When do they turn on each </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">other? Such decision points become key features of the game’s nar-</p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">rative, as they were in history.</p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:56.2pt">As in <i>Labyrinth,</i> ends (victory conditions) differ among roles just </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:56.2pt">as do ways and means (operations and forces). I had played Joe </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:56.2pt">Miranda’s <i>Battle for Baghdad</i> (MCS Group, 2010) and was taken </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:56.2pt">with its 6-way, overlapping victory conditions: each player con-</p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:56.2pt">stantly has to watch the progress of every other against the unique </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:56.2pt">conditions of each, and more than one player can be making progress </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:56.2pt">without directly impeding the other. The play tension and diplomatic </p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:56.2pt">depth offered thereby are tremendous. <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> attempts </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:56.2pt">something similar (if more modest, with just four factions).</p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:56.2pt">The greatest design challenge was to render such a multi-faction </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:56.2pt">contest in a solitaire system. <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> provides multiple, </p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:56.2pt">asymmetric algorithms for solitaire play—I hope in an accessible </p> +<p style="top:291.2pt;left:56.2pt">enough form that solo players, once used to the play aids, will find </p> +<p style="top:304.9pt;left:56.2pt">the non-player routines well worth the effort of implementing. They </p> +<p style="top:318.7pt;left:56.2pt">generate a kaleidoscopic narrative, in which “bots” react to one </p> +<p style="top:332.4pt;left:56.2pt">another as well as to the player. At the same time, the separate non-</p> +<p style="top:346.2pt;left:56.2pt">player algorithms allow two or three players to represent Colombia’s </p> +<p style="top:359.9pt;left:56.2pt">4-way conflict in a variety of player combinations.</p> +<p style="top:382.7pt;left:56.2pt">An incidental benefit of <i>ANDEAN ABYSS’s</i> role-specific non-player </p> +<p style="top:396.4pt;left:56.2pt">system is that any player but the Government can leave a game in </p> +<p style="top:410.2pt;left:56.2pt">progress, and that game can continue with the system smoothly </p> +<p style="top:423.9pt;left:56.2pt">taking over the departed player’s role (a benefit revealed to good </p> +<p style="top:437.7pt;left:56.2pt">effect during pre-publication demonstrations of <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> </p> +<p style="top:451.4pt;left:56.2pt">at game stores and conventions).</p> +<p style="top:475.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Core Mechanics</b></p> +<p style="top:492.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why no hands of cards? </i></b></p> +<p style="top:511.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> is not in the Card-Driven Game (CDG) family. But </p> +<p style="top:524.9pt;left:56.2pt">it does draw from CDG tradition the exemplary ability of cards with </p> +<p style="top:538.7pt;left:56.2pt">choices between operations and events to bring detailed political and </p> +<p style="top:552.4pt;left:56.2pt">economic occurrences into a wargame’s narrative without fuss.</p> +<p style="top:575.2pt;left:56.2pt">Instead of dealing hands of cards, <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> offers events one </p> +<p style="top:588.9pt;left:56.2pt">at a time from a face-down deck. This puts the focus not on “what’s </p> +<p style="top:602.7pt;left:56.2pt">in my hand” but on “what’s happening on the map,” which seems </p> +<p style="top:616.4pt;left:56.2pt">a more direct representation of managing an insurgent or counter-</p> +<p style="top:630.2pt;left:56.2pt">insurgent campaign. Meanwhile, the unique design of the game’s </p> +<p style="top:643.9pt;left:56.2pt">event card sequence of play interweaves the event and operations </p> +<p style="top:657.7pt;left:56.2pt">choices with the exertion of influence by a faction with the initiative </p> +<p style="top:671.4pt;left:56.2pt">over the options of an adversary or ally.</p> +<p style="top:694.2pt;left:56.2pt">With both the current and upcoming event card exposed, and me-</p> +<p style="top:707.9pt;left:56.2pt">chanics such as lingering “Govt Capabilities” events, <i>ANDEAN </i></p> +<p style="top:721.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ABYSS </i>retains the painful tradeoffs between short- and long-term </p> +<p style="top:735.4pt;left:56.2pt">benefits of great CDGs. But player interaction and development </p> +<p style="top:749.2pt;left:56.2pt">of board position dominate rather than hand or deck management. </p> +<p style="top:762.9pt;left:56.2pt">Insurgency and COIN are long-term strategies, and players who </p> +<p style="top:776.7pt;left:56.2pt">build their position on the map of Colombia toward the endgame </p> +<p style="top:790.4pt;left:56.2pt">tend to succeed.</p> +<p style="top:813.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why so many dual-use events?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:832.7pt;left:56.2pt">In the development of <i>Labyrinth,</i> Joel Toppen and I found ourselves </p> +<p style="top:846.4pt;left:56.2pt">adding more and more events that featured effects that differed </p> +<p style="top:860.2pt;left:56.2pt">depending on which side played them. Because of <i>Labyrinth’s</i> </p> +<p style="top:873.9pt;left:56.2pt">mechanic of card play triggering an enemy event, and therefore the </p> +<p style="top:887.7pt;left:56.2pt">need to have a majority of events dedicated to only one side or the </p> +<p style="top:901.4pt;left:56.2pt">other, these dual-use events had to be limited in number. But they </p> +<p style="top:915.2pt;left:56.2pt">appeared so useful to represent alternative historical paths and the </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">ambiguous nature of real-world occurrences, that I set dual-use </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">events as the norm for <i>ANDEAN ABYSS.</i></p> +<p style="top:103.4pt;left:393.8pt">Dual-use events proved particularly helpful in representing the </p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:393.8pt">historical and ideological controversy over Colombia’s struggle </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt">prevalent in the sources that I had available (see “Fantasy of the </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">Right—or Left?” below). But these event cards represent not only </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:393.8pt">alternative interpretations, but also alternative history (that which </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:393.8pt">did not occur, but could have) and double-edged swords (uncertain-</p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:393.8pt">ties over which of two effects might most influence the course of </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:393.8pt">conflict). </p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:393.8pt">Where dual-use events at least in part represent alternative interpreta-</p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:393.8pt">tions, I have sought to provide representatives of both views in the </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:393.8pt">event background notes and their sourcing in this playbook.</p> +<p style="top:273.4pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why different sets of operations?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:292.2pt;left:393.8pt">Beyond giving each faction its own historical identity and flavor, </p> +<p style="top:305.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> tries to model the asymmetric contest between </p> +<p style="top:319.7pt;left:393.8pt">insurgent guerrillas and government security forces. The most central </p> +<p style="top:333.4pt;left:393.8pt">distinction in this regard is the pitting of the insurgents’ information </p> +<p style="top:347.2pt;left:393.8pt">advantage against the counterinsurgents’ firepower advantage—and </p> +<p style="top:360.9pt;left:393.8pt">the nature of insurgent and COIN operations in the game reflects </p> +<p style="top:374.7pt;left:393.8pt">this distinction. </p> +<p style="top:397.4pt;left:393.8pt">Government forces must sweep to expose (find) underground </p> +<p style="top:411.2pt;left:393.8pt">guerrillas before organizing a strike upon them—often giving the </p> +<p style="top:424.9pt;left:393.8pt">insurgents a chance to escape first. Guerrillas know who and where </p> +<p style="top:438.7pt;left:393.8pt">their enemies are, but their attacks are weak compared to govern-</p> +<p style="top:452.4pt;left:393.8pt">ment troop assaults. </p> +<p style="top:475.2pt;left:393.8pt">Since the insurgents get their information advantage from melding </p> +<p style="top:488.9pt;left:393.8pt">with the local population, a hostile population can undo that advan-</p> +<p style="top:502.7pt;left:393.8pt">tage by reporting on (exposing) guerrillas that march into their area. </p> +<p style="top:516.4pt;left:393.8pt">Even a neutral population will quietly tolerate armed forces in their </p> +<p style="top:530.2pt;left:393.8pt">midst, so allowing guerrillas to move safely.</p> +<p style="top:552.9pt;left:393.8pt">These game mechanics represent the real-life cat-and-mouse char-</p> +<p style="top:566.7pt;left:393.8pt">acteristic of COIN engagement, whether in an army “search and </p> +<p style="top:580.4pt;left:393.8pt">destroy” mission against guerrilla columns in the jungle hinterland </p> +<p style="top:594.2pt;left:393.8pt">or a police investigation of an urban underground. </p> +<p style="top:617.7pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why does only the Government get permanent events?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:636.4pt;left:393.8pt">In <i>ANDEAN ABYSS,</i> the Government alone may receive potent </p> +<p style="top:650.2pt;left:393.8pt">improvements to capability that last the remainder of the game. </p> +<p style="top:663.9pt;left:393.8pt">The insurgents, in contrast, can achieve only a momentum that </p> +<p style="top:677.7pt;left:393.8pt">dissipates after a single campaign. This difference represents the </p> +<p style="top:691.4pt;left:393.8pt">fact that, as mentioned above, the period of Colombian conflict </p> +<p style="top:705.2pt;left:393.8pt">portrayed was fundamentally characterized by a steady building of </p> +<p style="top:718.9pt;left:393.8pt">the Government’s COIN skill and capacity.</p> +<p style="top:741.7pt;left:393.8pt">That building capacity rested on unifying COIN into one effort by </p> +<p style="top:755.4pt;left:393.8pt">the whole government: national political leadership from president to </p> +<p style="top:769.2pt;left:393.8pt">legislature, the joint military services, national police and judiciary, </p> +<p style="top:782.9pt;left:393.8pt">and economic development orchestrated as never before to win </p> +<p style="top:796.7pt;left:393.8pt">the war. It also included a better understanding of the nature of the </p> +<p style="top:810.4pt;left:393.8pt">enemy’s strategy, so that military operations could be more effective </p> +<p style="top:824.2pt;left:393.8pt">and supportive of a counter-strategy. The game’s Govt Capabilities </p> +<p style="top:837.9pt;left:393.8pt">events <i>National Defense & Security Council, 1st Division, Tapias, </i></p> +<p style="top:851.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Ospina & Mora</i> and others represent this organizational and strategic </p> +<p style="top:865.4pt;left:393.8pt">development of a potent Colombian COIN. </p> +<p style="top:888.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Uribe pursued an aggressive plan to address Colombia’s decade-long </i></p> +<p style="top:901.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>conflict with the country’s leftist guerrillas and rightist paramilitary </i></p> +<p style="top:915.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>groups and to reduce the production of illicit drugs. ... [Colombia] </i></p> +</div> + +<div id="page29" style="background-image:url('playbook29.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>29</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>has made significant progress in reestablishing government control </i></p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>over much of its territory, combating drug trafficking and terrorist </i></p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>activities, and reducing poverty.</i></p> +<p style="top:113.8pt;left:56.2pt"> —Congressional Research Service <i>Report for Congress,</i> 2011</p> +<p style="top:136.5pt;left:56.2pt">With increasing US training and equipment assistance during the </p> +<p style="top:150.3pt;left:56.2pt">period, first under the “War on Drugs” then the “War on Terror”, </p> +<p style="top:164.0pt;left:56.2pt">and with Uribe’s full-force war effort against illegal groups, mate-</p> +<p style="top:177.8pt;left:56.2pt">rial COIN capacity built along with skill and strategy. So we have </p> +<p style="top:191.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Blackhawks</i> for air mobility, <i>High Mountain Battalions</i> for Andean </p> +<p style="top:205.3pt;left:56.2pt">operations, <i>7th Special Forces</i> for US training, and so on.</p> +<p style="top:228.0pt;left:56.2pt">This treatment of a building COIN versus more ephemeral insurgent </p> +<p style="top:241.8pt;left:56.2pt">capabilities contrasts with that in Volume II, <i>Cuba Libre.</i> There, to </p> +<p style="top:255.5pt;left:56.2pt">represent the growth of insurgent potency contrasted with the Batista </p> +<p style="top:269.3pt;left:56.2pt">regime’s failure to adapt its means, the game reverses mechanics </p> +<p style="top:283.0pt;left:56.2pt">and instead presents lasting “Insurgent Capabilities” and temporary </p> +<p style="top:296.8pt;left:56.2pt">“Govt Momentum”.</p> +<p style="top:320.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why include lines of communication?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:339.0pt;left:56.2pt">The game’s mechanics surrounding lines of communication (LoCs) </p> +<p style="top:352.8pt;left:56.2pt">represent the dependence of the country’s economy, government </p> +<p style="top:366.5pt;left:56.2pt">revenues, and therefore COIN operations tempo on railways, roads, </p> +<p style="top:380.3pt;left:56.2pt">powerlines, and—in Colombia especially—pipelines delivering </p> +<p style="top:394.0pt;left:56.2pt">energy exports. </p> +<p style="top:416.8pt;left:56.2pt">A guerrilla sabotage and kidnapping campaign against the LoCs </p> +<p style="top:430.5pt;left:56.2pt">of a government that is already resource-limited can spike a COIN </p> +<p style="top:444.3pt;left:56.2pt">campaign. But insurgent players will find that sabotage is not cake: </p> +<p style="top:458.0pt;left:56.2pt">LoCs are dangerous places for guerrillas, as security forces can reach </p> +<p style="top:471.8pt;left:56.2pt">them quickly and tend to defend them aggressively.</p> +<p style="top:495.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>What does the Propaganda Round represent?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:514.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS’s</i> Propaganda Rounds punctuate insurgency-COIN </p> +<p style="top:527.8pt;left:56.2pt">campaigns at irregular and not precisely predictable moments. They </p> +<p style="top:541.5pt;left:56.2pt">represents less a given moment or time period distinct from the </p> +<p style="top:555.3pt;left:56.2pt">general course of the conflict and more an accounting of various </p> +<p style="top:569.0pt;left:56.2pt">matters that are really progressing concurrently with the game’s </p> +<p style="top:582.8pt;left:56.2pt">events and operations: tax collection, export earnings, the political </p> +<p style="top:596.5pt;left:56.2pt">effects of ongoing and steady FARC propaganda activities (agita-</p> +<p style="top:610.3pt;left:56.2pt">tion) and government investment (civic action), relocation of forces </p> +<p style="top:624.0pt;left:56.2pt">among relatively quiet or controlled areas, and the development of </p> +<p style="top:637.8pt;left:56.2pt">effective local police forces.</p> +<p style="top:660.5pt;left:56.2pt">Knowing only with very little warning exactly when this accounting </p> +<p style="top:674.3pt;left:56.2pt">will take place adds to play tension and represents the real-world </p> +<p style="top:688.0pt;left:56.2pt">uncertainties in war regarding the outcomes of these larger, cumula-</p> +<p style="top:701.8pt;left:56.2pt">tive processes (how much revenue will we collect? how popular will </p> +<p style="top:715.5pt;left:56.2pt">our political and military efforts be? and the like).</p> +<p style="top:741.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>COIN History in the Game: </b></p> +<p style="top:758.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Local Security as a Key</i></b></p> +<p style="top:777.5pt;left:56.2pt">Establishing local security for the population in order to deny support </p> +<p style="top:791.3pt;left:56.2pt">to guerrillas is another key aspect of counterinsurgency represented </p> +<p style="top:805.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS’s</i> mechanics. US COIN scholar Tom Marks de-</p> +<p style="top:818.8pt;left:56.2pt">scribes the local security situation in the Colombian countryside </p> +<p style="top:832.5pt;left:56.2pt">as of the mid-1990s—a good description of the challenge for the </p> +<p style="top:846.3pt;left:56.2pt">Government player at the beginning of the game:</p> +<p style="top:869.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Domination of local areas was the linchpin of the counterinsurgent </i></p> +<p style="top:882.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>effort, and a variety of imaginative solutions were tried to maintain </i></p> +<p style="top:896.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>state presence in affected areas... But in the absence of local forces, </i></p> +<p style="top:910.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>which had fallen afoul of constitutional court restrictions and thus </i></p> +<p style="top:924.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>were disbanded, it was difficult to consolidate gains. As areas were </i></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>retaken, they could not be garrisoned with home guards. Instead, </i></p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>regular units rotated in and out in a perpetual shell game designed </i></p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>to keep FARC off balance. </i></p> +<p style="top:113.8pt;left:393.8pt"> —<i>Military Review,</i> March-April 2007</p> +<p style="top:136.5pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Troops and Police.</b> In the game, Troops represent the Government’s </p> +<p style="top:150.3pt;left:393.8pt">regular forces: highly mobile across the countryside and hard-hitting </p> +<p style="top:164.0pt;left:393.8pt">against enemy forces, but eventually forced to return to garrison </p> +<p style="top:177.8pt;left:393.8pt">in cities or bases. Police represent the local security forces: time-</p> +<p style="top:191.5pt;left:393.8pt">consuming to build to effectiveness in contested areas, but essential </p> +<p style="top:205.3pt;left:393.8pt">to day-to-day law and order and therefore to the Government’s </p> +<p style="top:219.0pt;left:393.8pt">legitimacy and popular support.</p> +<p style="top:241.8pt;left:393.8pt">In <i>ANDEAN ABYSS,</i> Government troops can sweep into an enemy </p> +<p style="top:255.5pt;left:393.8pt">area and locate and assault guerrilla forces. As troops establish con-</p> +<p style="top:269.3pt;left:393.8pt">trol, police eventually can deploy into the area to stay. Or the troops </p> +<p style="top:283.0pt;left:393.8pt">can establish a Government base to more quickly train local police. </p> +<p style="top:296.8pt;left:393.8pt">Only once both troops and effective police forces are in place, can </p> +<p style="top:310.5pt;left:393.8pt">the Government invest in local development through civic action, </p> +<p style="top:324.3pt;left:393.8pt">thereby building popular support and countering the insurgency.</p> +<p style="top:347.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>“Imaginitive Solutions”—Help for the Government to Stay </i></b></p> +<p style="top:362.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>in Local Areas</i></b></p> +<p style="top:381.5pt;left:393.8pt">The above process is time-consuming and uncertain for the Govern-</p> +<p style="top:395.3pt;left:393.8pt">ment. However, several events can help it establish effective day-</p> +<p style="top:409.0pt;left:393.8pt">to-day security in the countryside more quickly. One example is the </p> +<p style="top:422.8pt;left:393.8pt">establishment of local forces platoons called Soldados Campesinos: </p> +<p style="top:436.5pt;left:393.8pt">forces that blend the advantages of regular troops and regional </p> +<p style="top:450.3pt;left:393.8pt">police. </p> +<p style="top:473.0pt;left:393.8pt">Whether these opportunities become available is not entirely up to </p> +<p style="top:486.8pt;left:393.8pt">the Government COIN strategist: Will the talent to discover and </p> +<p style="top:500.5pt;left:393.8pt">implement imaginative solutions emerge? Will politics and bureau-</p> +<p style="top:514.3pt;left:393.8pt">cracy allow them to bear fruit? In the game, the event card may or </p> +<p style="top:528.0pt;left:393.8pt">may not come up, and the Government player may or may not be </p> +<p style="top:541.8pt;left:393.8pt">eligible to play it when it does, or may decide that other operations </p> +<p style="top:555.5pt;left:393.8pt">are more urgent.<i> </i></p> +<p style="top:555.5pt;left:528.7pt"><i> </i></p> +<p style="top:579.0pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>The Other Edge of the Sword—Military and “Paramilitary”</i></b></p> +<p style="top:597.8pt;left:393.8pt">In light of Colombia’s tradition of local self-defense militias and </p> +<p style="top:611.5pt;left:393.8pt">the evolution of those “autodefensas” into anti-FARC illegal armed </p> +<p style="top:625.3pt;left:393.8pt">groups (labeled “paramilitaries”) eventually under the leadership </p> +<p style="top:639.0pt;left:393.8pt">of Carlos Castaño’s AUC, there historically was concern that new </p> +<p style="top:652.8pt;left:393.8pt">local forces platoons would simply augment the AUC’s reactionary </p> +<p style="top:666.5pt;left:393.8pt">insurgents. In the game, the AUC is more likely than the Government </p> +<p style="top:680.3pt;left:393.8pt">to get the first crack at the <i>Soldados Campesinos</i> event (because of </p> +<p style="top:694.0pt;left:393.8pt">the order of the faction symbols on the card). And the AUC player </p> +<p style="top:707.8pt;left:393.8pt">(or non-player, if run by the game system) would almost certainly </p> +<p style="top:721.5pt;left:393.8pt">implement the card’s shaded, pro-insurgent effect, turning defecting </p> +<p style="top:735.3pt;left:393.8pt">rural police into AUC guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:758.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>And so what is the FARC doing about it?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:777.5pt;left:393.8pt">Beyond such special occurrences as defections, the Government’s </p> +<p style="top:791.3pt;left:393.8pt">rural forces will have to weather the more routine threats that are </p> +<p style="top:805.0pt;left:393.8pt">within the capabilities of the insurgent factions: FARC ambushes, </p> +<p style="top:818.8pt;left:393.8pt">AUC assassinations, Cartels Bribes, and the like. Insurgent players </p> +<p style="top:832.5pt;left:393.8pt">on the ball will be gunning for any newly established rural police </p> +<p style="top:846.3pt;left:393.8pt">before Government civic action can gain the populace’s support </p> +<p style="top:860.0pt;left:393.8pt">and make local insurgent operations that much more difficult: once </p> +<p style="top:873.8pt;left:393.8pt">populations support the Government, they block FARC from ral-</p> +<p style="top:887.5pt;left:393.8pt">lying new forces and (as discussed above) report on any guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:901.3pt;left:393.8pt">entering the area, flushing them from underground status and thereby </p> +<p style="top:915.0pt;left:393.8pt">blocking their ability to terrorize, ambush, and extort.</p> +</div> + +<div id="page30" style="background-image:url('playbook30.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>30</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>FARC History in the Game: </b></p> +<p style="top:83.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Nation Held Hostage </i></b></p> +<p style="top:102.5pt;left:56.2pt">Insurgencies, like governments, need resources to operate, but the </p> +<p style="top:116.2pt;left:56.2pt">collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the world’s leftist move-</p> +<p style="top:130.0pt;left:56.2pt">ments largely on their own. In their 2010 book about Colombian </p> +<p style="top:143.7pt;left:56.2pt">hostages, journalists Victoria Bruce, Karin Hayes, and Jorge Enrique </p> +<p style="top:157.5pt;left:56.2pt">Botero describe how Colombia’s revolutionary FARC insurgency </p> +<p style="top:171.2pt;left:56.2pt">turned to the drug trade for financing—contributing by the mid-</p> +<p style="top:185.0pt;left:56.2pt">1990s both to its development of a kidnapping industry and to the </p> +<p style="top:198.7pt;left:56.2pt">rise of the autodefensas that later merged into the FARC’s right-wing </p> +<p style="top:212.5pt;left:56.2pt">AUC enemy:</p> +<p style="top:235.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>The FARC ... controlled many of the coca-growing regions in central </i></p> +<p style="top:249.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>and southern Colombia, while the cartels managed much of the co-</i></p> +<p style="top:262.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>caine production and trafficking. The guerrillas operated by taxing </i></p> +<p style="top:276.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>the cartels and drug producers for protection and services. ... This </i></p> +<p style="top:290.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>economic alliance began to collapse when the leaders of the cartels </i></p> +<p style="top:304.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>... began investing their newfound wealth in property, primarily </i></p> +<p style="top:317.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>large cattle ranches which placed them firmly in the ranks of the </i></p> +<p style="top:331.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>guerrillas’ traditional enemy—the landowning elite. ... In turn, the </i></p> +<p style="top:345.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>guerrillas began a policy of kidnapping and extortion of the cartel </i></p> +<p style="top:359.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>members. For protection and retaliation, the drug lords organized </i></p> +<p style="top:372.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>and financed their own paramilitary armies. </i></p> +<p style="top:392.1pt;left:56.2pt"> <i>—Hostage Nation: Colombia’s Guerrilla Army and the Failed </i></p> +<p style="top:405.9pt;left:67.5pt"><i>War on Drugs,</i> 2010</p> +<p style="top:428.6pt;left:181.1pt"><i>Map from official Colombian sources </i></p> +<p style="top:442.4pt;left:180.9pt"><i>showing intensity of FARC guerrilla ac-</i></p> +<p style="top:456.1pt;left:180.9pt"><i>tivity during the period covered by the </i></p> +<p style="top:469.9pt;left:180.9pt"><i>game. Western Meta and Caquetá De-</i></p> +<p style="top:483.6pt;left:180.9pt"><i>partments are a hotbed containing the </i></p> +<p style="top:497.4pt;left:180.9pt"><i>sites of famous captures of both Colom-</i></p> +<p style="top:511.1pt;left:180.9pt"><i>bian presidential candidate Betancourt </i></p> +<p style="top:524.9pt;left:180.9pt"><i>and of three US DoD contractors.</i></p> +<p style="top:587.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>FARC Kidnapping, Cartels and Government Victims, and </i></b></p> +<p style="top:602.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>AUC Growth</i></b></p> +<p style="top:620.9pt;left:56.2pt">Colombian analysts in 1998 estimated that kidnappings by the FARC </p> +<p style="top:634.6pt;left:56.2pt">and its sister group, the ELN, accounted for 20 to 30 percent of all </p> +<p style="top:648.4pt;left:56.2pt">kidnappings in the world (RAND, <i>Colombian Labyrinth,</i> p32). The </p> +<p style="top:662.1pt;left:56.2pt">FARC held hundreds of hostages at a time—a large-scale ransoming </p> +<p style="top:675.9pt;left:56.2pt">enterprise for them and a tragedy for the country that developed into </p> +<p style="top:689.6pt;left:56.2pt">a political issue and a cause for national hatred of the guerrillas. </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> depicts the enterprise through the kidnapping spe-</p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">cial activity that the FARC faction may add to its terror operations. </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">It also depicts the impact of FARC hostage-taking on politics and </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt">military affairs through a series of event cards.</p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt">In the game, FARC can use underground Guerrillas to terrorize local </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">populations into opposing the Colombian government. If the terror-</p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:393.8pt">ized region has a drug cartels base or is a city or line of communica-</p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:393.8pt">tion—and if FARC guerrillas outnumber local police—FARC may </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:393.8pt">kidnap as well to forcibly transfer a die roll’s worth of resources (or </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:393.8pt">a drug shipment) in ransom from the Cartels or Government faction </p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:393.8pt">to FARC. As reaction to FARC kidnapping historically contributed </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:393.8pt">to growth of the right-wing “paramilitaries”, a particularly costly </p> +<p style="top:240.9pt;left:393.8pt">kidnapping (a die roll of “6”) mobilizes a local AUC guerrilla unit </p> +<p style="top:254.7pt;left:393.8pt">or base.</p> +<p style="top:278.2pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Defense Against Kidnapping</i></b></p> +<p style="top:296.9pt;left:393.8pt">To avoid a grievous drain of resources from the counterinsurgency, </p> +<p style="top:310.7pt;left:393.8pt">the Government will have to protect the populace from FARC kid-</p> +<p style="top:324.4pt;left:393.8pt">nappers with police patrols of the country’s roads and cities. The </p> +<p style="top:338.2pt;left:393.8pt">Cartels often can better afford the drain, but it may at some point </p> +<p style="top:351.9pt;left:393.8pt">have to turn on the FARC parasite, relocate to FARC-free areas, </p> +<p style="top:365.7pt;left:393.8pt">or just pay off the FARC player. The latter option illustrates how </p> +<p style="top:379.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> explores the multifaceted relations among the </p> +<p style="top:393.2pt;left:393.8pt">contenders for control of 1990s Colombia through varied avenues </p> +<p style="top:406.9pt;left:393.8pt">for player diplomacy.</p> +<p style="top:433.2pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>AUC History in the Game:</b></p> +<p style="top:450.2pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Right-Wing Army</i></b></p> +<p style="top:468.9pt;left:393.8pt">Colombia in the mid-1990s saw the leftist FARC insurgency build-</p> +<p style="top:482.7pt;left:393.8pt">ing its strength dramatically as it transitioned from small-unit terror </p> +<p style="top:496.4pt;left:393.8pt">tactics to military attacks on the Colombian Army. But the Govern-</p> +<p style="top:510.2pt;left:393.8pt">ment was not yet on a war footing and still tacitly conceded immense </p> +<p style="top:523.9pt;left:393.8pt">areas of countryside to the guerrillas. To protect themselves from </p> +<p style="top:537.7pt;left:393.8pt">FARC terror, landowners in several localities raised self-defense </p> +<p style="top:551.4pt;left:393.8pt">forces, autodefensas, that would use the FARC’s own tactics against </p> +<p style="top:565.2pt;left:393.8pt">it. By 1996, these local anti-FARC units formed a nationwide force </p> +<p style="top:578.9pt;left:393.8pt">under the Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (United Self-Defense </p> +<p style="top:592.7pt;left:393.8pt">Forces of Colombia or AUC) umbrella.</p> +<p style="top:615.4pt;left:393.8pt">Over the next decade, the AUC grew to an estimated 17,000 fighters, </p> +<p style="top:629.2pt;left:393.8pt">approaching the FARC’s strength. Journalist Mario Murillo describes </p> +<p style="top:642.9pt;left:393.8pt">this illegal armed power:</p> +<p style="top:665.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Along with the ongoing collaboration between elements of the army </i></p> +<p style="top:679.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>and the AUC, [as of 2004] there are approximately 1,000 active </i></p> +<p style="top:693.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>AUC members who have served in the Colombian military, includ-</i></p> +<p style="top:706.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>ing fifty-three retired military officers who have served as advisors </i></p> +<p style="top:720.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>to the AUC. They have up to fourteen state of the art helicopters, a </i></p> +<p style="top:734.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>dozen small planes, and countless speed-boats with mounted ma-</i></p> +<p style="top:748.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>chine guns to use in their war against the guerrillas. Indeed, they </i></p> +<p style="top:761.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>are a full-fledged army, operating almost with complete impunity </i></p> +<p style="top:775.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>throughout the country. </i></p> +<p style="top:795.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i> —Colombia and the United States: War, Unrest, and Destabiliza-</i></p> +<p style="top:808.8pt;left:405.0pt"><i>tion,</i> 2004</p> +<p style="top:913.5pt;left:510.9pt"><i>Logo of the AUC</i></p> +<p style="top:918.8pt;left:56.6pt"><i>FARC guerrillas</i></p> +</div> + +<div id="page31" style="background-image:url('playbook31.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>31</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Potent Anti-FARC Faction</i></b></p> +<p style="top:85.6pt;left:56.2pt">In <i>ANDEAN ABYSS,</i> the AUC faction can build an army rivaling the </p> +<p style="top:99.4pt;left:56.2pt">FARC’s in the number of guerrilla pieces—and an army as military </p> +<p style="top:113.1pt;left:56.2pt">effective and typically not under the pressure that Government </p> +<p style="top:126.9pt;left:56.2pt">forces place on the FARC. Both FARC and AUC guerrillas can use </p> +<p style="top:140.6pt;left:56.2pt">an ambush special activity that guarantees a successful attack and </p> +<p style="top:154.4pt;left:56.2pt">the capture of materiel and recruits to form a new underground unit. </p> +<p style="top:168.1pt;left:56.2pt">And a variety of event cards depict additional AUC capacities, both </p> +<p style="top:181.9pt;left:56.2pt">military and terrorist. </p> +<p style="top:205.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>AUC Aces in the Hole: Death Squads and Assassination</i></b></p> +<p style="top:224.1pt;left:56.2pt">More than on military attacks, the AUC relied on terror and mas-</p> +<p style="top:237.9pt;left:56.2pt">sacres as its principal means of taking control of FARC-dominated </p> +<p style="top:251.6pt;left:56.2pt">areas. They mimicked FARC terror, but on a more brutal level, </p> +<p style="top:265.4pt;left:56.2pt">including mass-murders of suspected FARC sympathizers and other </p> +<p style="top:279.1pt;left:56.2pt">undesirables—so-called “limpiezas” that resembled the “ethnic </p> +<p style="top:292.9pt;left:56.2pt">cleansing” that the same period featured in the Balkans. In the game, </p> +<p style="top:306.6pt;left:56.2pt">the AUC can accompany its terror operations with assassination </p> +<p style="top:320.4pt;left:56.2pt">special activities. Provided the AUC can position underground </p> +<p style="top:334.1pt;left:56.2pt">guerrillas in a target area, AUC terror can eliminate an enemy base </p> +<p style="top:347.9pt;left:56.2pt">even when protected by enemy guerrillas. Because the AUC wins by </p> +<p style="top:361.6pt;left:56.2pt">reducing FARC bases to fewer in number than its own, assassination </p> +<p style="top:375.4pt;left:56.2pt">of FARC base pieces is a key AUC tactic.</p> +<p style="top:398.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Double-Edged Sword for the Government</i></b></p> +<p style="top:417.6pt;left:56.2pt">The AUC as blood enemy to the FARC would seem an unalloyed </p> +<p style="top:431.4pt;left:56.2pt">friend to the Government, able to strike the enemy in ways that legal </p> +<p style="top:445.1pt;left:56.2pt">Government forces cannot. But the AUC nevertheless remains an </p> +<p style="top:458.9pt;left:56.2pt">insurgency—an illegal armed group that challenges Government </p> +<p style="top:472.6pt;left:56.2pt">law and order and must in the end be suppressed. </p> +<p style="top:495.4pt;left:56.2pt">In the game, too many AUC forces in a region block Government </p> +<p style="top:509.1pt;left:56.2pt">control and thus the ability to build popular support—the Govern-</p> +<p style="top:522.9pt;left:56.2pt">ment’s victory condition. AUC terror wrecks not only FARC’s politi-</p> +<p style="top:536.6pt;left:56.2pt">cal base but support for the Government, as victimized populations </p> +<p style="top:550.4pt;left:56.2pt">resent the Government’s failure to protect them. And international </p> +<p style="top:564.1pt;left:56.2pt">suspicion of Colombian Army complicity in AUC atrocities costs </p> +<p style="top:577.9pt;left:56.2pt">the Government foreign aid resources. This interplay of capabilities </p> +<p style="top:591.6pt;left:56.2pt">and victory conditions poses the question every game: when will </p> +<p style="top:605.4pt;left:56.2pt">the Government turn on its brutal AUC helpmate—as it ultimately </p> +<p style="top:619.1pt;left:56.2pt">did historically—to trim its control of the countryside?</p> +<p style="top:645.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Cartels History in the Game: </b></p> +<p style="top:662.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Chess Player of Cali</i></b></p> +<p style="top:681.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>[Cali cartel co-founder Gilberto Rodríguez] became known as the </i></p> +<p style="top:694.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>“Chess Player” for his ruthless and calculating approach to the drug </i></p> +<p style="top:708.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>business. ... The Rodríguez brothers ... controlled Cali in the way </i></p> +<p style="top:722.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>that feudal barons once ruled medieval estates. ... Buy Colombia, </i></p> +<p style="top:736.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>rather than terrorize it, became their guiding philosophy. ... The </i></p> +<p style="top:749.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>cartel built dozens of high-rise offices and apartment buildings as </i></p> +<p style="top:763.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>a way of laundering their money. The Cali skyline changed, and </i></p> +<p style="top:777.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>thousands of jobs were created. Their money permeated the city’s </i></p> +<p style="top:791.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>economy, and the natives became addicted to laundered cash and </i></p> +<p style="top:804.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>conspicuous consumption. </i></p> +<p style="top:824.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i> </i>—Ron Chepesiuk,<i> Drug Lords—The Rise and Fall of the Cali </i></p> +<p style="top:838.0pt;left:67.5pt"><i>Cartel, </i>2003</p> +<p style="top:860.8pt;left:56.2pt">Along with Government security forces, FARC rebels, and AUC </p> +<p style="top:874.5pt;left:56.2pt">paramilitaries, <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> also depicts the Colombian drug </p> +<p style="top:888.2pt;left:56.2pt">cartels. While the illegal drug industry does not care much about </p> +<p style="top:902.0pt;left:56.2pt">legitimacy, it is an insurgency nevertheless. By definitions laid out </p> +<p style="top:915.8pt;left:56.2pt">by National War College scholar Bard O’Neill, the cartels are “com-</p> +<p style="top:198.3pt;left:393.8pt">mercialist insurgent” groups—contesting political power purely to </p> +<p style="top:212.0pt;left:393.8pt">aid their acquisition of material resources (<i>Insurgency & Terrorism: </i></p> +<p style="top:225.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>From Revolution to Apocalypse,</i> 2005). </p> +<p style="top:248.5pt;left:393.8pt">In the game, the Cartels faction wins not through popular support </p> +<p style="top:262.3pt;left:393.8pt">or opposition but by building its criminal organization (expanding </p> +<p style="top:276.0pt;left:393.8pt">its bases) and amassing resources. But its presence can get in the </p> +<p style="top:289.8pt;left:393.8pt">way of other factions’ objectives of territorial control and political </p> +<p style="top:303.5pt;left:393.8pt">support. The Cartels, for example, start the game within one rally </p> +<p style="top:317.3pt;left:393.8pt">action of controlling Cali, which begins politically neutral rather </p> +<p style="top:331.0pt;left:393.8pt">than supportive of the Government.</p> +<p style="top:353.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>As a result of the dismantling of the drug cartels, trafficking has </i></p> +<p style="top:367.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>experienced radical changes in structure. ... There are [now] be-</i></p> +<p style="top:381.3pt;left:393.8pt"><i>tween 250 and 300 trafficking organizations in Colombia. Their </i></p> +<p style="top:395.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>leaders are some of the former cartels’ second-rank members ... The </i></p> +<p style="top:408.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>new organizations are smaller, closed, and secret ... . [They] have </i></p> +<p style="top:422.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>developed strategies, methods and techniques aimed at making the </i></p> +<p style="top:436.3pt;left:393.8pt"><i>business more dynamic, sneaking away from law enforcement and </i></p> +<p style="top:450.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>blending in better in their respective regions.</i></p> +<p style="top:469.4pt;left:403.8pt">—Álvaro Camacho and Andrés López, “From Smugglers to </p> +<p style="top:483.1pt;left:403.8pt">Drug Lords to Traquetos—Changes in Illicit Colombian Drug </p> +<p style="top:496.9pt;left:403.8pt">Organizations,” in <i>Peace, Democracy, and Human Rights in </i></p> +<p style="top:510.6pt;left:403.8pt"><i>Colombia,</i> 2007</p> +<p style="top:534.1pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>War of Weeds</i></b></p> +<p style="top:552.9pt;left:393.8pt">The historical period of game—mid-1990s to mid-2000s—saw the </p> +<p style="top:566.6pt;left:393.8pt">sunset of Colombia’s flashy, politically active drug cartels, but not </p> +<p style="top:580.4pt;left:393.8pt">of the illicit drug industry that the game’s Cartels faction represents. </p> +<p style="top:594.1pt;left:393.8pt">And so, in <i>ANDEAN ABYSS,</i> the Cartels can reconstitute themselves, </p> +<p style="top:607.9pt;left:393.8pt">able to slip readily out of areas of danger and regrow elsewhere.</p> +<p style="top:630.6pt;left:393.8pt">Unlike other insurgents, the Cartels can recruit forces anywhere: </p> +<p style="top:644.4pt;left:393.8pt">battalions of hired guns—sicarios—await among the poor. But </p> +<p style="top:658.1pt;left:393.8pt">the Cartels’ guerrilla force pool is the smallest: it cannot organize </p> +<p style="top:884.4pt;left:394.1pt"><i>One way to get drugs to US market: a narco-submarine, designed </i></p> +<p style="top:898.1pt;left:394.1pt"><i>to evade detection while it carries its load of product on the pas-</i></p> +<p style="top:911.9pt;left:394.1pt"><i>sage northward.</i></p> +<p style="top:162.5pt;left:393.4pt"><i>Cali skyline</i></p> +<p style="top:160.9pt;left:644.4pt;font-size:7.5pt"><i>Photo by D.A. Rendón</i></p> +</div> + +<div id="page32" style="background-image:url('playbook32.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>32</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">campaigns on the scale of the more military FARC or AUC. And the </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels do not have the other insurgents’ potent battle tactics.</p> +<p style="top:103.4pt;left:56.2pt">The Cartels faction wins by accumulating resources (money) and </p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:56.2pt">bases (the coca and poppy fields, processing labs, and distribution </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:56.2pt">infrastructure needed to continue making money). It will find it hard </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:56.2pt">to protect its bases with its smaller number of guerrillas, and rural </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels bases are vulnerable to aerial spraying (the Government’s </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:56.2pt">eradication action). </p> +<p style="top:194.9pt;left:56.2pt">But the Cartels also can place new bases more easily than any other </p> +<p style="top:208.7pt;left:56.2pt">faction, quickly though special cultivation actions or with delay but </p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:56.2pt">cheaply though processing actions to ready drug shipments. Ship-</p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:56.2pt">ment markers represent major caches of processed cocaine or heroin </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:56.2pt">awaiting delivery to market outside Colombia—they are vulnerable </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:56.2pt">to seizure by the other factions: any insurgent faction can liquidate </p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:56.2pt">them to accelerate operations. But if defended and held long enough </p> +<p style="top:291.2pt;left:56.2pt">to get to market (in the Propaganda Round), they yield resources </p> +<p style="top:304.9pt;left:56.2pt">or a free base.</p> +<p style="top:327.7pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels terror can hurt the Government or FARC politically, but the </p> +<p style="top:341.4pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels’ most potent weapon is corruption: they can bribe to expose, </p> +<p style="top:355.2pt;left:56.2pt">hide, or neutralize enemy forces—anywhere. Bribes are expensive, </p> +<p style="top:368.9pt;left:56.2pt">however, and so only become a true threat once the Cartels are well </p> +<p style="top:382.7pt;left:56.2pt">above their victory goal in resources. And so the other factions face </p> +<p style="top:396.4pt;left:56.2pt">a choice: dedicate precious time and resources early on to trim the </p> +<p style="top:410.2pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels weeds, or risk the Cartels growing so rich that they can block </p> +<p style="top:423.9pt;left:56.2pt">any offensive by bribing their way out.</p> +<p style="top:450.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Fantasy of the Right—or Left?</b></p> +<p style="top:466.4pt;left:56.2pt">English language studies of the Colombian conflict read so differ-</p> +<p style="top:480.2pt;left:56.2pt">ently from one another that they seem to be describing multiple </p> +<p style="top:493.9pt;left:56.2pt">countries. Is Colombia a thriving democracy, with a popular gov-</p> +<p style="top:507.7pt;left:56.2pt">ernment that has brought economic prosperity and relative peace </p> +<p style="top:521.4pt;left:56.2pt">to its people in the face of vicious terrorist and criminal threats? </p> +<p style="top:535.2pt;left:56.2pt">Or is Colombia a harsh dictatorship by an economic elite, dressed </p> +<p style="top:548.9pt;left:56.2pt">up as democracy but in fact using state-sponsored terror to keep its </p> +<p style="top:562.7pt;left:56.2pt">ever more impoverished masses under heel, and the FARC simply </p> +<p style="top:576.4pt;left:56.2pt">the people’s defense? You can find either thesis in North American </p> +<p style="top:590.2pt;left:56.2pt">scholarship.</p> +<p style="top:612.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> does not attempt to settle these questions. I took </p> +<p style="top:626.7pt;left:56.2pt">care to draw from writers (necessarily, for me, in English) who </p> +<p style="top:640.4pt;left:56.2pt">view Colombia’s conflict from a range of political perspectives (see </p> +<p style="top:654.2pt;left:56.2pt">Selected Sources). No one view seems able to tell the full story, and </p> +<p style="top:667.9pt;left:56.2pt">I hope that players of a variety of persuasions will find something </p> +<p style="top:681.7pt;left:56.2pt">relevant in the game’s design.</p> +<p style="top:704.4pt;left:56.2pt">The game does take some positions. For example, it does not fully </p> +<p style="top:718.2pt;left:56.2pt">buy the Left’s thesis of the AUC as an “extension” of the Govern-</p> +<p style="top:731.9pt;left:56.2pt">ment in that both defend elite interests against the rest of the people </p> +<p style="top:745.7pt;left:56.2pt">(see Murillo somewhat and Hristov especially). Yes, the Colombian </p> +<p style="top:759.4pt;left:56.2pt">Government and AUC shared a core interest in suppressing the </p> +<p style="top:773.2pt;left:56.2pt">FARC, and <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> accounts for this shared interest in the </p> +<p style="top:786.9pt;left:56.2pt">factions’ victory conditions. Indeed, Government and AUC players </p> +<p style="top:800.7pt;left:56.2pt">often will collaborate. </p> +<p style="top:823.4pt;left:56.2pt">But the Government under Uribe developed and executed a plan to </p> +<p style="top:837.2pt;left:56.2pt">extend its writ throughout the country—a true and, by the far-Left </p> +<p style="top:850.9pt;left:56.2pt">model, unnecessary departure—including against AUC. Casualties </p> +<p style="top:864.7pt;left:56.2pt">caused the AUC, extraditions of its leaders, and its imperfect but not </p> +<p style="top:878.4pt;left:56.2pt">false demobilization show a real parting of Government and AUC </p> +<p style="top:892.2pt;left:56.2pt">ways. And Colombia’s vigorous electoral politicking and, under </p> +<p style="top:905.9pt;left:56.2pt">Uribe, undeniable and widespread popular enthusiasm for President, </p> +<p style="top:919.7pt;left:56.2pt">government, and army seemed to gainsay the Leftist model of Co-</p> +<p style="top:187.0pt;left:393.8pt">lombia as an exploitative oligarchy defended from its people by force </p> +<p style="top:200.8pt;left:393.8pt">of terror. So <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> has the Government seeking popular </p> +<p style="top:214.5pt;left:393.8pt">support to win, rather than the exploitation of the country’s poor by </p> +<p style="top:228.3pt;left:393.8pt">the violence-backed rich, as the far Left might have it.</p> +<p style="top:251.0pt;left:393.8pt">As for the nature of the FARC, the game does not depict the group </p> +<p style="top:264.8pt;left:393.8pt">as mere “narco-terrorists” who have left people’s revolution behind </p> +<p style="top:278.5pt;left:393.8pt">and continue mainly for personal drug profit (as some on the Right </p> +<p style="top:292.3pt;left:393.8pt">argue). An insurgency may at once benefit from the drug trade and </p> +<p style="top:306.0pt;left:393.8pt">provide much needed services to rural under-privileged. <i>ANDEAN </i></p> +<p style="top:319.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>ABYSS</i> models the latter aspect with the FARC Agitation mechanic </p> +<p style="top:333.5pt;left:393.8pt">and the effects of events such as <i>Crop Substitution, Unión Sindical </i></p> +<p style="top:347.3pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Obrera,</i> and others. </p> +<p style="top:370.0pt;left:393.8pt">The persistence in hard times of the FARC’s leaders and fighters </p> +<p style="top:383.8pt;left:393.8pt">demonstrates ideological commitment—dedication to something </p> +<p style="top:397.5pt;left:393.8pt">larger than self. Purely commercialist insurgent leaders at some </p> +<p style="top:411.3pt;left:393.8pt">point wish to live the high life. In contrast, Reyes, Mono Jojoy, </p> +<p style="top:425.0pt;left:393.8pt">Cano, and the rest carried on in the face of the hardships of lethal </p> +<p style="top:438.8pt;left:393.8pt">Government pursuit—and despite opportunities for reconciliation. </p> +<p style="top:452.5pt;left:393.8pt">In the game, FARC victory depends directly on popular opposi-</p> +<p style="top:466.3pt;left:393.8pt">tion and the strength of the movement’s political and logistical </p> +<p style="top:480.0pt;left:393.8pt">base—the preconditions for an eventual revolution and overthrow </p> +<p style="top:493.8pt;left:393.8pt">of the existing order.</p> +<p style="top:516.5pt;left:393.8pt">Finally, <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> represents the US-sponsored “War on </p> +<p style="top:530.3pt;left:393.8pt">Drugs” as neither clear failure nor clear success. Eradication in the </p> +<p style="top:544.0pt;left:393.8pt">game may be a mixed bag politically, but, used judiciously, it is a </p> +<p style="top:557.8pt;left:393.8pt">necessary and potent means for the Government to keep the Cartels </p> +<p style="top:571.5pt;left:393.8pt">in check. Historically, aerial coca eradication has had its place in </p> +<p style="top:585.3pt;left:393.8pt">curbing supply, as have the successes of the kingpin strategy of the </p> +<p style="top:599.0pt;left:393.8pt">Colombian Police and US DEA. Economics being what they are, </p> +<p style="top:612.8pt;left:393.8pt">Colombian coca production continues. But the country has escaped </p> +<p style="top:626.5pt;left:393.8pt">the level of terror and political challenge of the big cartels that now </p> +<p style="top:640.3pt;left:393.8pt">traumatize Mexico and Central America so brutally. Colombians </p> +<p style="top:654.0pt;left:393.8pt">today can take pride in a low murder rate, growing economy, and </p> +<p style="top:667.8pt;left:393.8pt">better governance.</p> +<p style="top:694.0pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Thanks and Dedication</b></p> +<p style="top:710.3pt;left:393.8pt">My special gratitude is due to several groups and individuals for their </p> +<p style="top:724.0pt;left:393.8pt">efforts on behalf of <i>ANDEAN ABYSS:</i> To Joel Toppen, who patiently </p> +<p style="top:737.8pt;left:393.8pt">heard me out as we drove through the desert, when all I had was </p> +<p style="top:751.5pt;left:393.8pt">first drafts of curious ops menus. To GMT Games and the testers </p> +<p style="top:765.3pt;left:393.8pt">and players across many countries who made this project happen. </p> +<p style="top:779.0pt;left:393.8pt">And to Dr. Thomas Marks of the National Defense University, for </p> +<p style="top:792.8pt;left:393.8pt">sharing with me his photos and his deep and personal knowledge </p> +<p style="top:806.5pt;left:393.8pt">of Colombian COIN.</p> +<p style="top:829.3pt;left:393.8pt">Finally, I dedicate the design of <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> to Juan Fran-</p> +<p style="top:843.0pt;left:393.8pt">cisco’s nation and people: They have faced their past—may they </p> +<p style="top:856.8pt;left:393.8pt">overcome it.</p> +<p style="top:879.5pt;left:393.8pt"> Volko F. Ruhnke</p> +<p style="top:907.0pt;left:393.8pt"> January, 2012<sup> Vienna, Virginia</sup></p> +</div> + +<div id="page33" style="background-image:url('playbook33.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>33</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">EVENT TEXT AND BACKGROUND</span></b></p> +<p style="top:90.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>This section reproduces the<span style="color:#0000ff"> </span>full text of each event card, along with </i></p> +<p style="top:104.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>sourced historical and other background commentary.</i></p> +<p style="top:134.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>1. 1st Division <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:168.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Jointness:</i> 1 Civic Action space each Support Phase requires Govt </p> +<p style="top:182.5pt;left:56.2pt">Control and any cube.</p> +<p style="top:201.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Service parochialism:</i> Civic Action requires at least 2 Troops and </p> +<p style="top:215.6pt;left:56.2pt">2 Police.</p> +<p style="top:235.0pt;left:56.2pt">The Colombian Army’s 1st Division in late 2004 became a joint </p> +<p style="top:248.7pt;left:56.2pt">operational command, part of a process of integrating services to </p> +<p style="top:262.5pt;left:56.2pt">replace exclusively army divisional areas. (Marks p137)</p> +<p style="top:292.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>2. Ospina & Mora <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:307.3pt;left:56.2pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:326.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>COIN experts take charge:</i> Sweep costs 1 Resource per space.</p> +<p style="top:346.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>COIN strategy eludes Army:</i> Sweep Operations may target only 1 </p> +<p style="top:359.8pt;left:56.2pt">space per card.</p> +<p style="top:379.1pt;left:56.2pt">Senior army commanders Carlos Ospina Ovalle and Jorge Mora </p> +<p style="top:392.9pt;left:56.2pt">Rangel collaborated intimately—Ospina fathering a sound coun-</p> +<p style="top:406.6pt;left:56.2pt">terinsurgent strategy from his study of captured FARC documents </p> +<p style="top:420.4pt;left:56.2pt">and Mora ensuring its practical implementation. (Conversation with </p> +<p style="top:434.1pt;left:56.2pt">Tom Marks, 30Apr2011; Ospina pp57,58,60)</p> +<p style="top:603.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>General Mora Photo by Tom Marks</i></p> +<p style="top:633.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>3. Tapias <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:648.5pt;left:56.2pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:667.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>CO tightens civil-military bonds:</i> Assault costs 1 Resource per </p> +<p style="top:681.6pt;left:56.2pt">space.</p> +<p style="top:701.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Civil-military rivalries fester: </i>Assault Operations may target only </p> +<p style="top:714.8pt;left:56.2pt">1 space per card.</p> +<p style="top:734.1pt;left:56.2pt">Military Forces Commander Fernando Tapias Stahelin drew the </p> +<p style="top:747.9pt;left:56.2pt">political backing to forge a whole-of-government COIN effort. </p> +<p style="top:761.6pt;left:56.2pt">(Conversation with Tom Marks, 30Apr2011; Marks, p139; Ospina </p> +<p style="top:775.4pt;left:56.2pt">p60)</p> +<p style="top:804.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>4. Caño Limón—Coveñas <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:820.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Profitable pipeline: </i>Add twice the Econ of 3 unSabotaged pipelines </p> +<p style="top:833.9pt;left:56.2pt">to Government Resources.</p> +<p style="top:853.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Pipeline draws attacks:</i> Sabotage the 3 pipelines with highest value </p> +<p style="top:867.0pt;left:56.2pt">and no cubes. </p> +<p style="top:886.4pt;left:56.2pt">A particularly lucrative energy export pipeline from Arauca to the </p> +<p style="top:900.1pt;left:56.2pt">sea attracted both rebel attacks and US training assistance. (Brittain </p> +<p style="top:913.9pt;left:56.2pt">p23; Ricks-Lightner pp25,58,80; Hristov p34)</p> +<p style="top:66.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>5. Occidental & Ecopetrol <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Oil company security:</i> Place 6 Police onto pipelines. 3 Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:96.8pt;left:393.8pt">there or adjacent flip to Active.</p> +<p style="top:116.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Industry thought exploitative:</i> Shift a space adjacent to a 3-Econ </p> +<p style="top:129.9pt;left:393.8pt">LoC by 2 levels toward Active Opposition.</p> +<p style="top:149.2pt;left:393.8pt">Joint ventures between US and Colombian oil companies provided </p> +<p style="top:163.0pt;left:393.8pt">enough government revenue to justify major security measures. </p> +<p style="top:176.8pt;left:393.8pt">(Brittain p228; Ricks-Lightner p80) A $93-million batch of US </p> +<p style="top:190.5pt;left:393.8pt">counterterrorism aid in 2003, for example, focused on protection </p> +<p style="top:204.2pt;left:393.8pt">of Colombian assets of California-based Occidental Petroleum. </p> +<p style="top:218.0pt;left:393.8pt">(Hristov p34) Critics saw government concessions to multinational </p> +<p style="top:231.8pt;left:393.8pt">oil giants as overly generous and tied poverty and human rights </p> +<p style="top:245.5pt;left:393.8pt">violations to US support for oil industry in the country. (Murillo </p> +<p style="top:259.2pt;left:393.8pt">pp87-88; Hristov pp17-18,34-35)</p> +<p style="top:285.5pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>6. Oil Spill <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:301.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Rebels blamed:</i> Shift 2 Opposition or Neutral Departments adjacent </p> +<p style="top:315.5pt;left:393.8pt">to Sabotage to Passive Support.</p> +<p style="top:334.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Multinationals make mess:</i> Sabotage a pipeline. Shift an adjacent </p> +<p style="top:348.6pt;left:393.8pt">Department by 1 level toward Active Opposition.</p> +<p style="top:368.0pt;left:393.8pt">Spilled oil from attacks created substantial environmental damage, </p> +<p style="top:381.8pt;left:393.8pt">generating local hostility against whichever combatant side got the </p> +<p style="top:395.5pt;left:393.8pt">blame. (Ricks-Lightner p80)</p> +<p style="top:425.0pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>7. 7th Special Forces <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:440.2pt;left:393.8pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:459.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Infrastructure protection training:</i> Each Control phase, Govt may </p> +<p style="top:473.4pt;left:393.8pt">remove 1-3 Terror or Sabotage.</p> +<p style="top:492.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>US training ineffective:</i> Control phase—Sabotage LoCs with any </p> +<p style="top:506.5pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrillas equal to cubes.</p> +<p style="top:525.9pt;left:393.8pt">The US Bush Administration deployed some 600 personnel of the 7th </p> +<p style="top:539.6pt;left:393.8pt">Special Forces Group (Airborne), most to train a new “infrastructure </p> +<p style="top:553.4pt;left:393.8pt">protection brigade” in embattled Arauca Department. (Marks p131; </p> +<p style="top:567.1pt;left:393.8pt">Ricks-Lightner p25)</p> +<p style="top:596.6pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>8. Fuerza Aérea Colombiana <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:611.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>COIN strike aircraft:</i> Govt executes 3 free Air Strikes.</p> +<p style="top:631.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Budget diverted to expensive jets:</i> Government Resources –9.</p> +<p style="top:650.6pt;left:393.8pt">After FARC successes in the late 1990s in overrunning remote </p> +<p style="top:664.4pt;left:393.8pt">government centers, the Colombian military equipped its air force </p> +<p style="top:678.1pt;left:393.8pt">with night-vision gear and learned to integrate air power in support </p> +<p style="top:691.9pt;left:393.8pt">of ground operations. (RAND pp101-102) Less relevant to COIN, </p> +<p style="top:705.6pt;left:393.8pt">Colombia also maintained a force of high-speed Kfir and Mirage </p> +<p style="top:719.4pt;left:393.8pt">V jets. (RAND p42)</p> +<p style="top:748.9pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>9. High Mountain Battalions <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:764.1pt;left:393.8pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:783.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Elites guard high-altitude corridors:</i> Assault treats Mountain as </p> +<p style="top:797.2pt;left:393.8pt">City.</p> +<p style="top:816.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Equipment not delivered: </i>Assault in Mountain removes only 1 piece </p> +<p style="top:830.4pt;left:393.8pt">for 4 Troops.</p> +<p style="top:849.8pt;left:393.8pt">The Army in the Pastrana years equipped and situated special bat-</p> +<p style="top:863.5pt;left:393.8pt">talions to block insurgent mobility corridors through hitherto inac-</p> +<p style="top:877.2pt;left:393.8pt">cessible heights. (Marks p135)</p> +</div> + +<div id="page34" style="background-image:url('playbook34.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>34</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>10. Blackhawks <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:56.2pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:102.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>US helos delivered:</i> Air Lift moves any number of Troops.</p> +<p style="top:121.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Delivery of US helos delayed:</i> Air Lift moves only 1 Troops cube.</p> +<p style="top:141.1pt;left:56.2pt">The military as of 2000 had only 17 operational heavy-lift helicop-</p> +<p style="top:154.9pt;left:56.2pt">ters. The US was to add 30 UH-60 Blackhawk and 33 UH-1H Huey </p> +<p style="top:168.6pt;left:56.2pt">transports, but they had yet to be delivered. (RAND pp63,65,68-</p> +<p style="top:182.4pt;left:56.2pt">69,104)</p> +<p style="top:211.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>11. National Defense & Security Council <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:227.1pt;left:56.2pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:246.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Military-police jointness:</i> 1 Police may enter each Sweep space.</p> +<p style="top:265.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Military-police rivalry: </i>A Sweep Operation Activates Guerrillas via </p> +<p style="top:279.6pt;left:56.2pt">Troops or Police, not both.</p> +<p style="top:299.0pt;left:56.2pt">Uribe’s “Democratic Security and Defense Policy” integrated </p> +<p style="top:312.8pt;left:56.2pt">COIN planning, adding a National Defense and Security Council </p> +<p style="top:326.5pt;left:56.2pt">to ensure coordinated and unified action by all state bodies. (Marks </p> +<p style="top:340.2pt;left:56.2pt">pp132-133)</p> +<p style="top:369.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>12. Plan Colombia <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:385.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>US “War on Drugs”: </i>Add lesser of Aid or +20 to Govt Resources. </p> +<p style="top:398.8pt;left:56.2pt">Then Aid +10.</p> +<p style="top:418.1pt;left:56.2pt">INSURGENT MOMENTUM</p> +<p style="top:431.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>US aid focuses on drug war:</i> No Air Strike or Activation by Patrol </p> +<p style="top:445.6pt;left:56.2pt">until next Propaganda.</p> +<p style="top:465.0pt;left:56.2pt">The Pastrana Government’s response to Colombia’s insurgency, </p> +<p style="top:478.8pt;left:56.2pt">Plan Colombia, included seeking $3.5-billion in foreign aid. The </p> +<p style="top:492.5pt;left:56.2pt">US earmarked 3/4ths of its part of that aid to counternarcotics. </p> +<p style="top:506.2pt;left:56.2pt">(RAND pp61-62)</p> +<p style="top:535.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>13. Plan Meteoro <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:551.0pt;left:56.2pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:570.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Transport protection units:</i> Patrol conducts a free Assault in each </p> +<p style="top:584.1pt;left:56.2pt">LoC.</p> +<p style="top:603.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Transport security deemphasized:</i> Patrols do not conduct a free </p> +<p style="top:617.2pt;left:56.2pt">Assault.</p> +<p style="top:636.6pt;left:56.2pt">The Uribe Administration funded special transportation network </p> +<p style="top:650.4pt;left:56.2pt">protection units under “Plan Meteor”. (Marks p135)</p> +<p style="top:679.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>14. Tres Esquinas <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:695.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Forward base:</i> Government places 1 Base and 3 Troops into any </p> +<p style="top:708.9pt;left:56.2pt">Department.</p> +<p style="top:728.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Base overrun:</i> Remove 1 Government Base and 1 cube from a </p> +<p style="top:742.0pt;left:56.2pt">Department.</p> +<p style="top:761.4pt;left:56.2pt">During the late-1990s heyday of the FARC’s large-unit “mobile </p> +<p style="top:775.1pt;left:56.2pt">warfare”, it succeeded in overrunning a series of isolated army po-</p> +<p style="top:788.9pt;left:56.2pt">sitions and briefly holding the capital of Vaupés. (Ospina pp59-60; </p> +<p style="top:802.6pt;left:56.2pt">Marks p127; RAND pp42-43) Tres Esquinas was a key army base </p> +<p style="top:816.4pt;left:56.2pt">at the heart of later Government sweeps into the FARC strongholds </p> +<p style="top:830.1pt;left:56.2pt">of the southeast. (www.GlobalSecurity.org; Brittain pp226-227) </p> +<p style="top:843.9pt;left:56.2pt">As of 2002, it hosted a Joint Intelligence Center and some 100 US </p> +<p style="top:857.6pt;left:56.2pt">military advisors. (Hristov p35)</p> +<p style="top:67.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>15. War Tax <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Defense budget shot in the arm:</i> Roll a die and add 4 times the result </p> +<p style="top:96.8pt;left:393.8pt">to Government Resources. </p> +<p style="top:116.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Middle class resents cost of war: </i>Shift a City from Neutral or Pas-</p> +<p style="top:129.9pt;left:393.8pt">sive Support to Passive Opposition.</p> +<p style="top:149.2pt;left:393.8pt">Uribe shifted and increased the tax burden in order to help fund the </p> +<p style="top:163.0pt;left:393.8pt">military effort against the guerrillas. (Brittain p228-229)</p> +<p style="top:192.5pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>16. Coffee Prices <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:207.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>They’re up:</i> Each Mountain, +5 Resources to Faction with most </p> +<p style="top:221.5pt;left:393.8pt">pieces, tied spaces to Govt.</p> +<p style="top:240.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>They’re down:</i> Government Resources –10.</p> +<p style="top:260.2pt;left:393.8pt">Export income from coffee—a traditional source of economic </p> +<p style="top:274.0pt;left:393.8pt">security to the Colombian highlands—fluctuated wildly from the </p> +<p style="top:287.8pt;left:393.8pt">1990s on, mostly downward. (Brittain pp84-88; Hristov p191; </p> +<p style="top:301.5pt;left:393.8pt">RAND p5) The late 1990s saw increased guerrilla presence in </p> +<p style="top:315.2pt;left:393.8pt">the country’s agricultural backbone, the central coffee-growing </p> +<p style="top:329.0pt;left:393.8pt">departments, apparently as part of FARC, ELN, and AUC strategy. </p> +<p style="top:342.8pt;left:393.8pt">(RAND pp46-47)</p> +<p style="top:372.2pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>17. Madrid Donors <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:387.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Aid conference generous:</i> Add lesser of Aid or +20 to Govt Re-</p> +<p style="top:401.2pt;left:393.8pt">sources. Then Aid +6.</p> +<p style="top:420.6pt;left:393.8pt">INSURGENT MOMENTUM</p> +<p style="top:434.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>EU aid focuses on reconstruction:</i> No Sweep or Assault in Depts </p> +<p style="top:448.1pt;left:393.8pt">until next Propaganda.</p> +<p style="top:467.5pt;left:393.8pt">European and Japanese donors to Colombia channeled aid to non-</p> +<p style="top:481.2pt;left:393.8pt">military programs. A July 2000 donors’ conference in Madrid, for </p> +<p style="top:495.0pt;left:393.8pt">example, pledged $619-million, mostly for social development </p> +<p style="top:508.8pt;left:393.8pt">projects. (RAND pp62,64)</p> +<p style="top:538.2pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>18. NSPD-18 <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:553.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>US “War on Terror” takes on FARC: </i>Add lesser of Aid or +20 to </p> +<p style="top:567.2pt;left:393.8pt">Govt Resources. Then Aid +20.</p> +<p style="top:586.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>US focused on Mid-East and South Asia:</i> Government Resources </p> +<p style="top:600.4pt;left:393.8pt">–6. Subtract a die roll from Aid.</p> +<p style="top:619.8pt;left:393.8pt">In a departure from the more restrictive “war on drugs”, the US Bush </p> +<p style="top:633.5pt;left:393.8pt">Administration’s 2002 National Security Presidential Directive 18, </p> +<p style="top:647.2pt;left:393.8pt">“Supporting Democracy in Colombia”, called on the State Depart-</p> +<p style="top:661.0pt;left:393.8pt">ment to implement a new US political-military plan in direct support </p> +<p style="top:674.8pt;left:393.8pt">of Colombian national security strategy. The Bush Administration </p> +<p style="top:688.5pt;left:393.8pt">had linked the counternarcotics fight to the “war on terror” and </p> +<p style="top:702.2pt;left:393.8pt">would pursue not only cartels but the FARC and the AUC directly. </p> +<p style="top:716.0pt;left:393.8pt">(Marks p131; Chepesiuk p281) </p> +<p style="top:745.5pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>19. General Offensive <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:760.8pt;left:393.8pt">In each space possible, choose and execute either free Sweep without </p> +<p style="top:774.5pt;left:393.8pt">movement or Assault (if Government), or free Attack or Terror (if </p> +<p style="top:788.2pt;left:393.8pt">Insurgent).</p> +<p style="top:807.6pt;left:393.8pt">The conflict during the late 1990s and early 2000s saw a number of </p> +<p style="top:821.4pt;left:393.8pt">FARC offensives, including the use of homemade armored vehicles. </p> +<p style="top:835.1pt;left:393.8pt">The Government’s 2003-2004 Plan Patriota included a major military </p> +<p style="top:848.9pt;left:393.8pt">offensive around the capital and into FARC-held territory in the </p> +<p style="top:862.6pt;left:393.8pt">southeast. (Ospina pp59-60; CRS p10; Hristov p36) </p> +</div> + +<div id="page35" style="background-image:url('playbook35.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>35</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>20. Mono Jojoy <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C </span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>KIA puts FARC in disarray:</i> Govt player repositions up to 6 FARC </p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas into adjacent spaces.</p> +<p style="top:116.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Military strategist: </i>FARC free Marches any of its Guerrillas then </p> +<p style="top:130.0pt;left:56.2pt">flips up to 3 of its Guerrillas Underground.</p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">A Colombian military and police operation in Meta Department in </p> +<p style="top:163.1pt;left:56.2pt">September 2010 killed the FARC’s operational second-in-command, </p> +<p style="top:176.9pt;left:56.2pt">Victor Julio Suárez Rojas, alias Jorge Briceño Suárez or “Mono </p> +<p style="top:190.6pt;left:56.2pt">Jojoy”, adding to a period of strong pressure on guerrilla remnants. </p> +<p style="top:204.4pt;left:56.2pt">(CRS pp1,13) </p> +<p style="top:233.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>21. Raúl Reyes <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C </span></b></p> +<p style="top:249.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>FARC Deputy killed:</i> FARC Resources –6. Remove 1 FARC Base.</p> +<p style="top:268.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>FARC Deputy channels foreign support:</i> FARC Resources +6. Place </p> +<p style="top:282.3pt;left:56.2pt">a FARC Base in a City or Department.</p> +<p style="top:305.0pt;left:56.2pt">A 2008 Colombian military raid into Ecuador killed then second-</p> +<p style="top:318.8pt;left:56.2pt">highest FARC commander Luís Édgar Devia Silva (“Raúl Reyes”) </p> +<p style="top:332.5pt;left:56.2pt">and recovered evidence of planned Venezuelan and possibly Ecua-</p> +<p style="top:346.3pt;left:56.2pt">doran support to the FARC. (CRS p10; Marks pp140-141n) </p> +<p style="top:375.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>22. Alfonso Cano <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:391.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>FARC leader killed in military strike:</i> Shift an Opposition space to </p> +<p style="top:404.8pt;left:56.2pt">Neutral.</p> +<p style="top:424.1pt;left:56.2pt">INSURGENT MOMENTUM</p> +<p style="top:437.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Ideologue:</i> May Agitate also in up to 3 spaces with FARC piece </p> +<p style="top:451.6pt;left:56.2pt">and no Govt Control.</p> +<p style="top:471.0pt;left:56.2pt">Communist Bogotá University student Guillermo León Sáenz Vargas </p> +<p style="top:484.8pt;left:56.2pt">joined the FARC in the 1980s and eventually became its master </p> +<p style="top:498.5pt;left:56.2pt">revolutionary ideologue, “Alfonso Cano”. (Bruce-Hayes-Botero </p> +<p style="top:512.3pt;left:56.2pt">pp138-139) A 2011 military strike in Cauca Department killed him. </p> +<p style="top:526.0pt;left:56.2pt">(www.ColombiaReports.com)</p> +<p style="top:555.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>23. DoD Contractors <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:570.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>US provides aircrew:</i> In a Dept, Activate all Guerrillas and remove </p> +<p style="top:584.5pt;left:56.2pt">all Cartels Bases.</p> +<p style="top:603.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Plane down—hostage search and evasion:</i> Govt removes 3 Troops. </p> +<p style="top:617.6pt;left:56.2pt">Mark Govt and FARC Ineligible through next card.</p> +<p style="top:637.0pt;left:56.2pt">US contractors provided pilots for crop spraying over FARC-held ter-</p> +<p style="top:650.8pt;left:56.2pt">ritory and for reconnaissance flights to pinpoint guerrillas. Patrolling </p> +<p style="top:664.5pt;left:56.2pt">FARC guerrillas in 2003 shot down one such flight along the western </p> +<p style="top:678.3pt;left:56.2pt">slopes of Caquetá and took three US personnel hostage, setting off a </p> +<p style="top:692.0pt;left:56.2pt">Colombian Army manhunt. (Bruce-Hayes-Botero pp3-19,107)</p> +<p style="top:721.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>24. Operación Jaque <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:736.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Dramatic hostage rescue:</i> 1 City to Active Support. Mark FARC </p> +<p style="top:750.5pt;left:56.2pt">Ineligible through next card. </p> +<p style="top:769.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Hostage rescue goes awry:</i> Remove 2 Troops from a space with </p> +<p style="top:783.6pt;left:56.2pt">FARC pieces. Shift a City with Support to Neutral.</p> +<p style="top:803.0pt;left:56.2pt">In a show of operational prowess, Colombian forces in 2008 tricked </p> +<p style="top:816.8pt;left:56.2pt">FARC captors into delivering celebrity hostage Ingrid Betancourt </p> +<p style="top:830.5pt;left:56.2pt">and 3 US DoD contractors held since 2003. (Bruce-Hayes-Botero </p> +<p style="top:844.3pt;left:56.2pt">pp238-256)</p> +<p style="top:67.9pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>25. Ejército de Liberación Nacional <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.1pt;left:393.7pt"><i>ELN and FARC jockey:</i> Remove all FARC pieces from 1 Moun-</p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:393.7pt">tain.</p> +<p style="top:116.3pt;left:393.7pt"><i>ELN and FARC coordinate ops:</i> Place any 3 FARC pieces into </p> +<p style="top:130.0pt;left:393.7pt">Antioquia or an adjacent Department.</p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:393.7pt">Colombia’s second-largest revolutionary army, the Castroite ELN, </p> +<p style="top:163.1pt;left:393.7pt">concentrated in the northern mountains, where it sought a Sierra </p> +<p style="top:176.9pt;left:393.7pt">Maestra-style stronghold. While the ELN and the FARC shared the </p> +<p style="top:190.6pt;left:393.7pt">same enemies and often coordinated operations, the two Marxist </p> +<p style="top:204.4pt;left:393.7pt">groups occasionally clashed over territory or resources. (RAND </p> +<p style="top:218.1pt;left:393.7pt">pp30-31,44; CRS pp13-14)</p> +<p style="top:247.6pt;left:393.7pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>26. Gramaje <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:262.9pt;left:393.7pt"><i>FARC protection rejected:</i> All Cartels Guerrillas in spaces with </p> +<p style="top:276.6pt;left:393.7pt">FARC free Attack FARC.</p> +<p style="top:296.0pt;left:393.7pt"><i>Schedule of fees: </i>Cartels transfers 3 Resources to FARC for each </p> +<p style="top:309.8pt;left:393.7pt">space with Cartels Base and FARC Guerrilla.</p> +<p style="top:329.1pt;left:393.7pt">The FARC had a precise schedule of fees, gramaje, that it charged </p> +<p style="top:342.9pt;left:393.7pt">to drug producers and smugglers for protection and other services. </p> +<p style="top:356.6pt;left:393.7pt">Though imposed by the guerrillas, these taxes served as a US argu-</p> +<p style="top:370.4pt;left:393.7pt">ment that the FARC and the drug lords were in cahoots. (RAND </p> +<p style="top:384.1pt;left:393.7pt">p32; Camacho-López p80)</p> +<p style="top:411.1pt;left:393.7pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>27. Misil Antiaéreo <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:426.4pt;left:393.7pt"><i>FARC MANPADs deemed a myth: </i>Government executes 3 free </p> +<p style="top:440.1pt;left:393.7pt">Special Activities.</p> +<p style="top:459.5pt;left:393.7pt">INSURGENT MOMENTUM</p> +<p style="top:473.3pt;left:393.7pt"><i>MANPADs feared: </i>Until next Propaganda, no Govt Special Activi-</p> +<p style="top:487.0pt;left:393.7pt">ties where Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:506.4pt;left:393.7pt">Given the importance of air power to Colombian COIN, fears grew </p> +<p style="top:520.1pt;left:393.7pt">that guerrilla use of surface-to-air missiles could change the strategic </p> +<p style="top:533.9pt;left:393.7pt">balance. (RAND pp35,102)</p> +<p style="top:563.4pt;left:393.7pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>28. Hugo Chávez <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:578.6pt;left:393.7pt"><i>Caracas controls border:</i> Remove up to 3 Insurgent pieces from a </p> +<p style="top:592.4pt;left:393.7pt">space next to Venezuela.</p> +<p style="top:611.8pt;left:393.7pt"><i>Caracas aids rebels: </i>Place a FARC Base in a Dept next to Venezuela. </p> +<p style="top:625.5pt;left:393.7pt">Sabotage each empty LoC touching Cúcuta. </p> +<p style="top:644.9pt;left:393.7pt">FARC information taken in the 2008 raid on Raúl Reyes suggested </p> +<p style="top:658.6pt;left:393.7pt">that Venezuela was providing support to the insurgent group, includ-</p> +<p style="top:672.4pt;left:393.7pt">ing plans by the Hugo Chávez regime to grant millions of dollars for </p> +<p style="top:686.1pt;left:393.7pt">weapons purchases. Chávez later that year called on the FARC to </p> +<p style="top:699.9pt;left:393.7pt">cease military operations, signaling a change in at least Venezuela’s </p> +<p style="top:713.6pt;left:393.7pt">public stance. (CRS p10)</p> +<p style="top:743.1pt;left:393.7pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>29. Kill Zone <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:758.4pt;left:393.7pt"><i>Army sniffs out FARC trap:</i> Govt in 1 space Activates all FARC and </p> +<p style="top:772.1pt;left:393.7pt">executes free Assault.</p> +<p style="top:791.5pt;left:393.7pt"><i>Tactics lure enemy in:</i> FARC or AUC in a space executes 2 free </p> +<p style="top:805.3pt;left:393.7pt">Ambushes with any of its Guerrillas without Activating.</p> +<p style="top:824.6pt;left:393.7pt">The FARC between 1996 and 2000 developed a tactic to lure Army </p> +<p style="top:838.4pt;left:393.7pt">reaction forces into a prepared kill zone surrounded by intercon-</p> +<p style="top:852.1pt;left:393.7pt">nected rifle pits and bunkers. In one such kill-zone action in late </p> +<p style="top:865.9pt;left:393.7pt">2000 along a key route from Antioquia to Chocó, guerrillas inflicted </p> +<p style="top:879.6pt;left:393.7pt">heavy casualties on special forces of the Colombian 4th Brigade. </p> +<p style="top:893.4pt;left:393.7pt">Often, however, the army could detect the kill zone before falling </p> +<p style="top:907.1pt;left:393.7pt">into the trap. (RAND pp44-45,45n)</p> +</div> + +<div id="page36" style="background-image:url('playbook36.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>36</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>30. Peace Commission <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>FARC accused in Commissioner’s killing:</i> Remove 1 FARC Zone.</p> +<p style="top:102.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Peace bid: </i>Government places 1 FARC Zone. (See 6.4.3) </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:56.2pt">The FARC’s ambush and execution in late 2000 of the head of the </p> +<p style="top:135.6pt;left:56.2pt">Colombian congressional peace commission, Diego Torbay, dealt </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">Pastrana’s peace policy a new blow. (RAND pp73-74)</p> +<p style="top:178.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>31. Betancourt <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:194.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Sympathy for famous hostage:</i> Shift 2 Cities and 1 Dept 1 level each </p> +<p style="top:207.9pt;left:56.2pt">toward Active Support.</p> +<p style="top:227.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Hostage negotiations forum for FARC:</i> Shift 3 spaces from Passive </p> +<p style="top:241.0pt;left:56.2pt">Opposition to Active Opposition</p> +<p style="top:260.4pt;left:56.2pt">Spitfire senator and presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt—</p> +<p style="top:274.1pt;left:56.2pt">known among other things for her outreach to the FARC—fell </p> +<p style="top:287.9pt;left:56.2pt">hostage in 2002 as she toured the recently remilitarized FARC </p> +<p style="top:301.6pt;left:56.2pt">zone. She became an international symbol of Colombia’s hostage </p> +<p style="top:315.4pt;left:56.2pt">tragedy—and of the FARC’s role in it. (Bruce-Hayes-Botero pp94-</p> +<p style="top:329.1pt;left:56.2pt">102,145,168-171,242)</p> +<p style="top:358.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>32. Secuestrados <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:373.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Fed up with hostage-taking:</i> Shift 2 spaces from Neutral or Passive </p> +<p style="top:387.6pt;left:56.2pt">Opposition to Passive Support.</p> +<p style="top:407.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Ransoming highly profitable: </i>FARC Resources +12.</p> +<p style="top:426.4pt;left:56.2pt">Colombian media constantly reminded the populace that kidnap-</p> +<p style="top:440.1pt;left:56.2pt">pings were garnering 100s of millions of dollars for the FARC and </p> +<p style="top:453.9pt;left:56.2pt">other groups. Public outcry grew under Pastrana as negotiations </p> +<p style="top:467.6pt;left:56.2pt">with FARC failed to end the scourge, and regular radio messages </p> +<p style="top:481.4pt;left:56.2pt">from loved ones to hostages further broadcast the trauma. (Bruce-</p> +<p style="top:495.1pt;left:56.2pt">Hayes-Botero pp95-96,141-143,173)</p> +<p style="top:524.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>33. Sucumbíos <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:539.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Ecuadoran buffer zone:</i> Remove up to 3 Insurgent pieces from a </p> +<p style="top:553.6pt;left:56.2pt">space bordering Ecuador.</p> +<p style="top:573.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Cross-border war:</i> Place 2 pieces in Ecuador. It is a 0 Pop Dept. No </p> +<p style="top:586.8pt;left:56.2pt">more than 2 pieces per Faction may stack there.</p> +<p style="top:606.1pt;left:56.2pt">As the 2008 Colombian raid on a FARC camp in the Ecuadoran </p> +<p style="top:619.9pt;left:56.2pt">province of Sucumbíos vividly illustrated, Colombia’s insurgency </p> +<p style="top:633.6pt;left:56.2pt">and counterinsurgency often spilled over borders. The FARC used </p> +<p style="top:647.4pt;left:56.2pt">Ecuador’s territory for rest, resupply, and training; and some coca </p> +<p style="top:661.1pt;left:56.2pt">processing took place there as well. (CRS pp10,23-24) Ecuadoran </p> +<p style="top:674.9pt;left:56.2pt">troops at times clashed with suspected Colombian guerrillas within </p> +<p style="top:688.6pt;left:56.2pt">Ecuador. Quito planned increases in development spending in border </p> +<p style="top:702.4pt;left:56.2pt">provinces such as Sucumbíos to create a social and economic buffer </p> +<p style="top:716.1pt;left:56.2pt">zone. (RAND pp88-89)</p> +<p style="top:745.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>34. Airdropped AKs <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:760.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Insurgents scammed by Russian criminals:</i> Drop an Insurgent </p> +<p style="top:774.6pt;left:56.2pt">Faction’s Resources by –5.</p> +<p style="top:794.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Covert weapons delivery:</i> An Insurgent Faction places 2 Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:807.8pt;left:56.2pt">and 1 Base into a 0 Population Department.</p> +<p style="top:827.1pt;left:56.2pt">A creative arms-for-drugs deal brokered by Russian mafia in 2000 </p> +<p style="top:840.9pt;left:56.2pt">included Russian planes parachuting as many as 30,000 automatic </p> +<p style="top:854.6pt;left:56.2pt">rifles to the FARC in eastern Colombia. (Bruce-Hayes-Botero p91; </p> +<p style="top:868.4pt;left:56.2pt">RAND pp36-37)</p> +<p style="top:67.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>35. Crop Substitution <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Government initiative: </i>Replace the Cartels Bases in 1 Department </p> +<p style="top:96.8pt;left:393.8pt">with 1 Police each. Aid +3.</p> +<p style="top:119.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>FARC proposals lauded:</i> Shift a Department with a Cartels Base by </p> +<p style="top:133.3pt;left:393.8pt">2 levels toward Active Opposition.</p> +<p style="top:156.0pt;left:393.8pt">Crop substitution or “alternative development” programs sought to </p> +<p style="top:169.8pt;left:393.8pt">supplement coca and poppy eradication by providing licit income </p> +<p style="top:183.5pt;left:393.8pt">to farmers who otherwise would replant drug crops. FARC initia-</p> +<p style="top:197.3pt;left:393.8pt">tives in its zone in 1999-2002 drew attention and support from the </p> +<p style="top:211.0pt;left:393.8pt">United Nations, the European Union, and other foreigners. (Brittain </p> +<p style="top:224.8pt;left:393.8pt">pp95-98) US support via Plan Colombia also featured crop substitu-</p> +<p style="top:238.5pt;left:393.8pt">tion. The US Agency for International Development claimed such </p> +<p style="top:252.3pt;left:393.8pt">a program from 2005-2009 reduced coca growing by 85% in a key </p> +<p style="top:266.0pt;left:393.8pt">cultivation region of western Meta. (CRS pp26-29)</p> +<p style="top:295.5pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>36. Zona de Convivencia <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:310.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>ELN gets its DMZ:</i> Govt places a FARC Zone in Mountain. (See </p> +<p style="top:324.5pt;left:393.8pt">6.4.3) Shift 2 adjacent Neutral spaces to Passive Support, if possible. </p> +<p style="top:338.2pt;left:393.8pt">Executing Faction remains Eligible past this card.</p> +<p style="top:357.6pt;left:393.8pt">The Pastrana administration explored negotiations with the ELN, </p> +<p style="top:371.4pt;left:393.8pt">parallel to those with the FARC. The ELN demanded a zone analo-</p> +<p style="top:385.1pt;left:393.8pt">gous to that granted to the FARC, and Pastrana agreed in principle to </p> +<p style="top:398.9pt;left:393.8pt">a 5000km<sup>2</sup> “live-and-let-live zone” around the juncture of Antioquia, </p> +<p style="top:412.6pt;left:393.8pt">Bolívar, and Santander. (RAND pp41,74) Uribe also pursued the </p> +<p style="top:426.4pt;left:393.8pt">ELN’s negotiated demobilization, but the group broke off talks in </p> +<p style="top:440.1pt;left:393.8pt">2008. (CRS pp13-14)</p> +<p style="top:466.2pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>37. Former Military <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C </span></b></p> +<p style="top:481.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Ties that bind:</i> Government free Sweeps or Assaults FARC within </p> +<p style="top:495.2pt;left:393.8pt">each space, no moves; AUC Guerrillas act as Troops. </p> +<p style="top:514.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Ex-officers advise paramilitaries:</i> AUC free Marches any of its </p> +<p style="top:528.4pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrillas and then, at any 1 destination, free Ambushes.</p> +<p style="top:547.8pt;left:393.8pt">The AUC was purported to collaborate with elements of the Colom-</p> +<p style="top:561.5pt;left:393.8pt">bian Army and to have some 1000 active members who had served </p> +<p style="top:575.2pt;left:393.8pt">in the nation’s armed forces, including 53 retired military officers </p> +<p style="top:589.0pt;left:393.8pt">who acted as AUC advisors. AUC leader Carlos Castaño himself </p> +<p style="top:602.8pt;left:393.8pt">corroborated these estimates when in 2000 he claimed to have more </p> +<p style="top:616.5pt;left:393.8pt">than 1000 ex-soldiers and 135 former army officers among his forces. </p> +<p style="top:630.2pt;left:393.8pt">(Murillo p100; Hristov pp71,86-87)</p> +<p style="top:659.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>38. National Coordination Center <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C </span></b></p> +<p style="top:675.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>New command fights paramilitaries: </i>Remove all Active AUC Guer-</p> +<p style="top:688.8pt;left:393.8pt">rillas from up to 3 spaces with cubes or Support. </p> +<p style="top:708.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Sympathizers alert AUC: </i>All AUC Guerrillas in spaces with cubes </p> +<p style="top:721.9pt;left:393.8pt">or Support to Underground. </p> +<p style="top:741.2pt;left:393.8pt">The Colombian Government as of 2000 had declared the battle </p> +<p style="top:755.0pt;left:393.8pt">against illegal autodefensas to be a strategic priority and established </p> +<p style="top:768.8pt;left:393.8pt">the National Coordination Center to lead that fight. Government-</p> +<p style="top:782.5pt;left:393.8pt">reported kills and captures of paramilitaries had been far lower than </p> +<p style="top:796.2pt;left:393.8pt">of rebel guerrillas in absolute numbers. The casualties were more </p> +<p style="top:810.0pt;left:393.8pt">comparable in percentages of total AUC and FARC-ELN strength, </p> +<p style="top:823.8pt;left:393.8pt">however. Moreover, argued the Defense Ministry, the fact that rebels </p> +<p style="top:837.5pt;left:393.8pt">sought out confrontations with security forces more often than would </p> +<p style="top:851.2pt;left:393.8pt">paramilitaries explained any disparity. (RAND pp57-58)</p> +</div> + +<div id="page37" style="background-image:url('playbook37.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>37</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>39. Soldados Campesinos <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Local forces platoons:</i> Place 1 Police into each of 6 Depts.</p> +<p style="top:102.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Local forces augment autodefensas:</i> In up to 3 Depts, replace 1 </p> +<p style="top:116.1pt;left:56.2pt">Police with 1 available AUC Guerrilla. </p> +<p style="top:135.5pt;left:56.2pt">The reestablishment of local forces—Soldados Campesinos (“Peas-</p> +<p style="top:149.2pt;left:56.2pt">ant Soldiers”), later Soldados de mi Pueblo (“Home Guards”)—and </p> +<p style="top:163.0pt;left:56.2pt">a related expansion of municipal police proved indispensable to </p> +<p style="top:176.8pt;left:56.2pt">Uribe’s counterinsurgency in providing a state presence in threatened </p> +<p style="top:190.5pt;left:56.2pt">areas. (Marks p135,136) Others saw such forces as legitimation of </p> +<p style="top:204.2pt;left:56.2pt">paramilitaries, in light of the overlap of their membership with that </p> +<p style="top:218.0pt;left:56.2pt">of the AUC. (Murillo pp103,113-114)</p> +<p style="top:247.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>40. Demobilization <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:262.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Negotiated reintegration:</i> Replace 3 AUC Guerrillas with available </p> +<p style="top:276.5pt;left:56.2pt">Police.</p> +<p style="top:295.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Talks a ruse, fighters recycled:</i> Move all cubes in a Dept with AUC </p> +<p style="top:309.6pt;left:56.2pt">to any Cities. Place 1 AUC piece in each of 2 Cities.</p> +<p style="top:329.0pt;left:56.2pt">The Uribe administration in 2003-2006 negotiated the AUC’s </p> +<p style="top:342.8pt;left:56.2pt">demobilization. Some suspected that the aim was to rein in para-</p> +<p style="top:356.5pt;left:56.2pt">militaries mainly to legitimize the state’s main offensive against the </p> +<p style="top:370.2pt;left:56.2pt">FARC. (Murillo p102) Others charged that—while thousands of </p> +<p style="top:384.0pt;left:56.2pt">AUC members demobilized and turned in weapons—much of the </p> +<p style="top:397.8pt;left:56.2pt">demobilization was faked or of only temporary impact on paramili-</p> +<p style="top:411.5pt;left:56.2pt">tary capabilities. (Hristov pp146-160) A UN and US view was that </p> +<p style="top:425.2pt;left:56.2pt">remaining paramilitary bands were of a different nature, criminal </p> +<p style="top:439.0pt;left:56.2pt">rather than political in purpose. (CRS p14) </p> +<p style="top:468.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>41. Mancuso <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:483.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>AUC No.2 extradited: </i>AUC Resources –6. Remove all AUC pieces </p> +<p style="top:497.5pt;left:56.2pt">from 1 space.</p> +<p style="top:516.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>AUC drug lord: </i>AUC Resources +3 for each space with AUC and </p> +<p style="top:530.6pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels pieces.</p> +<p style="top:550.0pt;left:56.2pt">The FARC was far from the only insurgent group to benefit from </p> +<p style="top:563.8pt;left:56.2pt">the drug trade. The AUC’s chief in 2000 acknowledged that the </p> +<p style="top:577.5pt;left:56.2pt">paramilitary coalition received a majority of its financing from </p> +<p style="top:591.2pt;left:56.2pt">drug trafficking. The US labeled the AUC a “cocaine-smuggling </p> +<p style="top:605.0pt;left:56.2pt">terrorist” organization and sought its leaders’ extradition. Colom-</p> +<p style="top:618.8pt;left:56.2pt">bian authorities extradited AUC deputy and military commander </p> +<p style="top:632.5pt;left:56.2pt">Salvatore Mancuso to the US in 2008. (Camacho-López pp85-86; </p> +<p style="top:646.2pt;left:56.2pt">Bruce-Hayes-Botero pp90-91; Murillo pp105,111-112; Hristov p80; </p> +<p style="top:660.0pt;left:56.2pt">Chepesiuk p280; www.ColombiaReports.com) </p> +<p style="top:689.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>42. Senado & Cámara <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:704.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Unity behind Presidential war policy: </i>2 Neutral spaces to Passive </p> +<p style="top:718.5pt;left:56.2pt">Support. Govt Resources +3.</p> +<p style="top:737.9pt;left:56.2pt">INSURGENT MOMENTUM</p> +<p style="top:751.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Insurgent sympathies:</i> No Sweep or Assault against executing Fac-</p> +<p style="top:765.4pt;left:56.2pt">tion until next Propaganda.</p> +<p style="top:784.8pt;left:56.2pt">The Left charged that not only the military but the entire Colombian </p> +<p style="top:798.5pt;left:56.2pt">political system defended elite interests by protecting right-wing </p> +<p style="top:812.2pt;left:56.2pt">paramilitary violence, and therefore constituted no more than a </p> +<p style="top:826.0pt;left:56.2pt">“death-squad democracy”. (Brittain pp204-205) Some claimed that </p> +<p style="top:839.8pt;left:56.2pt">a third to a half of Colombian legislators were pro-AUC. (Murillo </p> +<p style="top:853.5pt;left:56.2pt">pp105,212n34; Hristov p133) Paramilitary intimidation of politicians </p> +<p style="top:867.2pt;left:56.2pt">may have played a role. (Hristov p125) Other AUC sympathies in </p> +<p style="top:881.0pt;left:56.2pt">the legislature may have represented popular views, in light of polls </p> +<p style="top:894.8pt;left:56.2pt">seeing the paramilitaries as less of a threat than the FARC. (RAND </p> +<p style="top:908.5pt;left:56.2pt">pp56,59) As for the cartels, buying politicians rather than terrorizing </p> +<p style="top:922.2pt;left:56.2pt">the public was a key Cali tactic, and some drug lords themselves </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">competed electorally at the local level. (Chepesiuk p68; Camacho-</p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">López pp75-76) Finally, legislators and political candidates who saw </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">themselves as Government-FARC interlocutors engaged personally </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt">in the peace process. (Bruce-Hayes-Botero pp94-97) In any event, </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:393.8pt">by Uribe’s term, public distaste for the status quo provided a uni-</p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:393.8pt">fied political front for his war on all illegal armed groups. (Marks </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:393.8pt">pp129,131,138-139; Ospina p60)</p> +<p style="top:178.9pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>43. Calima Front <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:194.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Suspect leftists massacred: </i>Place 2 Terror in and remove all FARC </p> +<p style="top:207.9pt;left:393.8pt">Bases from a Dept with Troops.</p> +<p style="top:227.3pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Brutality blamed on Army:</i> Place 2 Terror in a Dept with Troops. </p> +<p style="top:241.0pt;left:393.8pt">Aid –9. </p> +<p style="top:260.4pt;left:393.8pt">Affected communities charged that paramilitaries carried out assas-</p> +<p style="top:274.2pt;left:393.8pt">sinations in broad daylight and close proximity to military posts. The </p> +<p style="top:287.9pt;left:393.8pt">Army in 1999 in Cauca reportedly helped set up a paramilitary group </p> +<p style="top:301.7pt;left:393.8pt">called the Calima Front, with military officers providing weapons, </p> +<p style="top:315.4pt;left:393.8pt">logistics, and intelligence to AUC fighters—a case emblematic to </p> +<p style="top:329.2pt;left:393.8pt">human rights observers of the AUC’s ability to wage war on civilians </p> +<p style="top:342.9pt;left:393.8pt">with impunity. (Murillo pp94-97) </p> +<p style="top:372.4pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>44. Colombia Nueva <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:387.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Anti-corruption campaign:</i> Shift a non-Opposition City to Active </p> +<p style="top:401.4pt;left:393.8pt">Support. Govt Resources +3.</p> +<p style="top:420.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Political campaign divisive:</i> Shift a City from Support to Neutral. </p> +<p style="top:434.5pt;left:393.8pt">Govt Resources –3.</p> +<p style="top:453.9pt;left:393.8pt">Young congresswoman and later senator Ingrid Betancourt made her </p> +<p style="top:467.7pt;left:393.8pt">political reputation by outing fellow legislators for corruption and </p> +<p style="top:481.4pt;left:393.8pt">by pursuing President Samper’s impeachment. Her tenacity earned </p> +<p style="top:495.2pt;left:393.8pt">her both wild popularity and death threats. By her 2002 presidential </p> +<p style="top:508.9pt;left:393.8pt">run— “Colombia Nueva” was her slogan—she had lost her popular-</p> +<p style="top:522.7pt;left:393.8pt">ity, blamed for airing Colombia’s dirty laundry internationally in </p> +<p style="top:536.4pt;left:393.8pt">her French-published autobiography. (Bruce-Hayes-Botero, pp94-</p> +<p style="top:550.2pt;left:393.8pt">97,136-137) </p> +<p style="top:579.7pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>45. Los Derechos Humanos <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:594.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Officers disciplined: </i>Shift each space with cubes and Terror 1 level </p> +<p style="top:608.7pt;left:393.8pt">toward Active Support.</p> +<p style="top:628.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>International human rights cartel:</i> –1 Aid for each space with AUC </p> +<p style="top:641.8pt;left:393.8pt">pieces. Subtract a die roll from Govt Resources.</p> +<p style="top:661.2pt;left:393.8pt">Debates in the US Congress over aid funding focused on allega-</p> +<p style="top:674.9pt;left:393.8pt">tions of human rights abuses on all sides, especially by paramilitary </p> +<p style="top:688.7pt;left:393.8pt">groups and the Colombian military. Colombian authorities took </p> +<p style="top:702.4pt;left:393.8pt">steps against military-paramilitary collusion, for example, in 2000 </p> +<p style="top:716.2pt;left:393.8pt">dismissing 388 military officers and NCOs for human rights abuses </p> +<p style="top:729.9pt;left:393.8pt">or corruption and indicting several generals. (RAND, p58) By </p> +<p style="top:743.7pt;left:393.8pt">2010, the Obama Administration certified to Congress that “years </p> +<p style="top:757.4pt;left:393.8pt">of reforms and training [were] leading to an increased respect for ... </p> +<p style="top:771.2pt;left:393.8pt">human rights by most members of the [Colombian] Armed Forces.” </p> +<p style="top:784.9pt;left:393.8pt">Some outside observers felt that human rights charges had gone </p> +<p style="top:798.7pt;left:393.8pt">too far and constituted “lawfare” against Colombia’s self-defense </p> +<p style="top:812.4pt;left:393.8pt">by an international “human rights cartel”. In this view, foreign crit-</p> +<p style="top:826.2pt;left:393.8pt">ics—hostile to the Colombian state itself—remained unwilling to </p> +<p style="top:839.9pt;left:393.8pt">acknowledge any human rights progress despite a surging national </p> +<p style="top:853.7pt;left:393.8pt">popularity of military and government. (Murillo p19; CRS pp14-</p> +<p style="top:867.4pt;left:393.8pt">15,18-19,36; Marks pp129,137)</p> +</div> + +<div id="page38" style="background-image:url('playbook38.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>38</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>46. Limpieza <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Ruthless elimination:</i> An Insurgent Faction executes free Terror </p> +<p style="top:96.8pt;left:56.2pt">with any Guerrilla, removes any 2 enemy pieces in the space, and </p> +<p style="top:110.5pt;left:56.2pt">sets it to Passive Support or Opposition (unless 0 Pop). The Terror </p> +<p style="top:124.2pt;left:56.2pt">places 2 markers.</p> +<p style="top:143.6pt;left:56.2pt">“Limpieza social” (“social cleansing”) killings rose in Colombia in </p> +<p style="top:157.4pt;left:56.2pt">the late-1990s and early-2000s, as both leftist guerrillas and rightist </p> +<p style="top:171.1pt;left:56.2pt">paramilitaries sought to consolidate control by eliminating people </p> +<p style="top:184.9pt;left:56.2pt">considered misfits or suspected of collaboration with the other side. </p> +<p style="top:198.6pt;left:56.2pt">(RAND p6-7) Paramilitaries would defend areas from guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:212.4pt;left:56.2pt">preemptively, by drawing up lists of potential leftist sympathizers </p> +<p style="top:226.1pt;left:56.2pt">and then exterminating them, or using random terror to seed fear </p> +<p style="top:239.9pt;left:56.2pt">and show what might happen to anyone leaning toward the FARC </p> +<p style="top:253.6pt;left:56.2pt">or ELN. (Hristov pp74,92-94) </p> +<p style="top:283.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>47. Pinto & del Rosario <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:298.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Human rights investigators:</i> All AUC Guerrillas Active. All Police </p> +<p style="top:312.1pt;left:56.2pt">free Assault AUC as if Troops.</p> +<p style="top:331.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Prosecutors killed: </i>AUC places 2 Guerrillas in Cúcuta, executes free </p> +<p style="top:345.2pt;left:56.2pt">Terror there, and flips any 2 AUC Guerrillas Underground.</p> +<p style="top:364.6pt;left:56.2pt">Colombian police and judicial authorities investigating right-wing </p> +<p style="top:378.4pt;left:56.2pt">involvement in massacres became targets of threats and assassina-</p> +<p style="top:392.1pt;left:56.2pt">tion. (Hristov p133) In what appeared to be one such case in 2001, </p> +<p style="top:405.9pt;left:56.2pt">Cúcuta special prosecutor María del Rosario Silva Ríos and then her </p> +<p style="top:419.6pt;left:56.2pt">replacement Carlos Arturo Pinto Bohórquez were both shot to death. </p> +<p style="top:433.4pt;left:56.2pt">Authorities later convicted Cúcuta regional paramilitary commander </p> +<p style="top:447.1pt;left:56.2pt">Jorge Iván “The Iguana” Laverde Zapata in the killings. Demobi-</p> +<p style="top:460.9pt;left:56.2pt">lized paramilitary Orlando Bocanegra Arteaga also acknowledged </p> +<p style="top:474.6pt;left:56.2pt">responsibility. (www.ElEspectador.com; www.ElTiempo.com)</p> +<p style="top:499.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>48. Unión Sindical Obrera <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:514.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>AUC targets oil labor organizers:</i> Remove 1 Opposition or FARC </p> +<p style="top:528.6pt;left:56.2pt">Base adjacent to 3-Econ pipeline.</p> +<p style="top:548.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Labor backs FARC:</i> Shift 1 level toward Active Opposition in 2 </p> +<p style="top:561.8pt;left:56.2pt">Cities other than Bogotá.</p> +<p style="top:581.1pt;left:56.2pt">Labor unions—suspected of a similar social agenda as that of the </p> +<p style="top:594.9pt;left:56.2pt">rebel guerrillas and therefore of collusion with them—became fre-</p> +<p style="top:608.6pt;left:56.2pt">quent targets of right-wing paramilitary violence. The FARC and </p> +<p style="top:622.4pt;left:56.2pt">the ELN had maintained a strong presence around the oil-refining </p> +<p style="top:636.1pt;left:56.2pt">town of Barrancabermeja in Santander, a hotbed of the powerful oil </p> +<p style="top:649.9pt;left:56.2pt">workers union, Unión Sindical Obrera (USO). The AUC entered the </p> +<p style="top:663.6pt;left:56.2pt">area in 2001, killing 180 and displacing some 4000—acts popularly </p> +<p style="top:677.4pt;left:56.2pt">seen as a continuation of efforts to suppress popular organizing </p> +<p style="top:691.1pt;left:56.2pt">in the town. AUC leader Carlos Castaño in 2003 sent a menacing </p> +<p style="top:704.9pt;left:56.2pt">email to the union, declaring all USO leaders and the children of </p> +<p style="top:718.6pt;left:56.2pt">USO members to be “military targets”. (Murillo pp87-88; Hristov </p> +<p style="top:732.4pt;left:56.2pt">pp77,117,120) </p> +<p style="top:757.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>49. Bloques <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:772.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Militias defy Castaño:</i> Permanently remove 3 available AUC Guer-</p> +<p style="top:786.4pt;left:56.2pt">rillas.</p> +<p style="top:805.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Independent militias join AUC: </i>Place an AUC Guerrilla and Base </p> +<p style="top:819.5pt;left:56.2pt">in any Department.</p> +<p style="top:838.9pt;left:56.2pt">The AUC came together in the mid-1990s as an umbrella for several </p> +<p style="top:852.6pt;left:56.2pt">regional “self-defense” organizations (bloques). An amalgam of </p> +<p style="top:866.4pt;left:56.2pt">autonomous groups, the AUC was less cohesive than the FARC. </p> +<p style="top:880.1pt;left:56.2pt">Several powerful groups, such as the Bloque Central Bolívar, did </p> +<p style="top:893.9pt;left:56.2pt">not recognize AUC leadership, and paramilitaries fought turf wars </p> +<p style="top:907.6pt;left:56.2pt">amongst themselves. (RAND pp54-55; Hristov p70; Murillo p108; </p> +<p style="top:921.4pt;left:56.2pt">Brittain p126) </p> +<p style="top:67.3pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>50. Carabineros <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:82.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>National police field forces:</i> Govt places a total of up to 3 Police </p> +<p style="top:96.3pt;left:393.8pt">into any Departments.</p> +<p style="top:115.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>National police corruption:</i> Remove any 2 Police or replace them </p> +<p style="top:129.4pt;left:393.8pt">with available AUC Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:148.8pt;left:393.8pt">During the Pastrana and then Uribe years, Colombia systematically </p> +<p style="top:162.6pt;left:393.8pt">established police presence in every county of the country. Those </p> +<p style="top:176.3pt;left:393.8pt">areas historically thought too dangerous for police presence were </p> +<p style="top:190.1pt;left:393.8pt">manned by police field forces (Carabineros), similar in size and na-</p> +<p style="top:203.8pt;left:393.8pt">ture to army local forces but more mobile and better armed. (Marks </p> +<p style="top:217.6pt;left:393.8pt">pp136,145n38) As with the Army, however, some police were </p> +<p style="top:231.3pt;left:393.8pt">suspected of collusion with the paramilitaries, for example taking </p> +<p style="top:245.1pt;left:393.8pt">payments in return for armed protection of paramilitary units while </p> +<p style="top:258.8pt;left:393.8pt">the latter carried out their terror campaigns. (Hristov, p87) </p> +<p style="top:288.3pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>51. Pipeline Repairs <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:303.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Speedy patching:</i> Remove all Pipeline Sabotage or, if none, Govern-</p> +<p style="top:317.3pt;left:393.8pt">ment Resources +12.</p> +<p style="top:336.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Security concerns hinder maintenance:</i> Sabotage 3 Pipelines with </p> +<p style="top:350.4pt;left:393.8pt">or adjacent to FARC Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:369.8pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrilla action against energy pipelines often becomes a race be-</p> +<p style="top:383.6pt;left:393.8pt">tween how often the saboteurs can damage the line and how quickly </p> +<p style="top:397.3pt;left:393.8pt">the defenders can repair them. Attacks on the key northern-Colom-</p> +<p style="top:411.1pt;left:393.8pt">bian Caño-Limón pipeline in the guerrilla heyday of 2001 shut it </p> +<p style="top:424.8pt;left:393.8pt">down for 240 days out of the year. (Ricks-Lightner p80) Coordinated </p> +<p style="top:438.6pt;left:393.8pt">FARC pipeline attacks as late as 2008 halted production of over </p> +<p style="top:452.3pt;left:393.8pt">800,000 barrels of oil. (Brittain p23)</p> +<p style="top:481.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>52. Castaño <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:497.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>AUC leader’s memoir a best seller: </i>Shift 2 City or Mountain each </p> +<p style="top:510.8pt;left:393.8pt">1 level toward Active Support.</p> +<p style="top:530.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Charismatic AUC political leader:</i> Place an AUC Base into a space </p> +<p style="top:543.9pt;left:393.8pt">with AUC, then add +1 AUC Resources per AUC Base.</p> +<p style="top:563.3pt;left:393.8pt">Charismatic AUC chief Carlos Castaño Gil gave interviews to lead-</p> +<p style="top:577.1pt;left:393.8pt">ing national publications and obtained favorable media coverage to </p> +<p style="top:590.8pt;left:393.8pt">portray the movement as a politically legitimate “third actor” in the </p> +<p style="top:604.6pt;left:393.8pt">Colombian conflict. The 2001 book <i>Mi Confesión,</i> purporting to </p> +<p style="top:618.3pt;left:393.8pt">“reveal his secrets”, sold in all major Colombian cities and became </p> +<p style="top:632.1pt;left:393.8pt">one of the most popular books in the country. (Murillo p99)</p> +<p style="top:661.6pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>53. Criminal Air Force <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:676.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Insurgent access to small aircraft:</i> An Insurgent Faction moves 1 </p> +<p style="top:690.6pt;left:393.8pt">or 2 Guerrillas between any 2 Departments and flips them Under-</p> +<p style="top:704.3pt;left:393.8pt">ground.</p> +<p style="top:723.7pt;left:393.8pt">The AUC as of 2004 reportedly fielded up to 14 state-of-art helicop-</p> +<p style="top:737.4pt;left:393.8pt">ters and a dozen small planes. (Murillo p100) AUC chief Castaño </p> +<p style="top:751.2pt;left:393.8pt">in 2001 claimed to have loaned helicopters to the Cali Cartel. </p> +<p style="top:764.9pt;left:393.8pt">(Chepesiuk p143) Witnesses reported Army helicopters deploying </p> +<p style="top:778.7pt;left:393.8pt">AUC fighters to new regions or supplying them with ammunition </p> +<p style="top:792.4pt;left:393.8pt">and medications while on terror operations. (Hristov pp85,88) Some </p> +<p style="top:806.2pt;left:393.8pt">charged that troops wearing AUC armbands in 2003 parachuted </p> +<p style="top:819.9pt;left:393.8pt">from military aircraft into a region of Arauca to conduct a massacre. </p> +<p style="top:833.7pt;left:393.8pt">(Brittain p136) </p> +</div> + +<div id="page39" style="background-image:url('playbook39.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>39</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>54. Deserters & Defectors <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:56.2pt">Remove up to 2 Guerrillas or replace them with any other Factions’ </p> +<p style="top:96.8pt;left:56.2pt">available Guerrillas. </p> +<p style="top:116.1pt;left:56.2pt">AUC ranks contained numerous FARC deserters, because of the </p> +<p style="top:129.9pt;left:56.2pt">harsh discipline imposed by the FARC and because the AUC of-</p> +<p style="top:143.6pt;left:56.2pt">fered protection from retaliation by former comrades. (RAND p56) </p> +<p style="top:157.4pt;left:56.2pt">Castaño in 2000 claimed 800 ex-leftist guerrillas among his forces. </p> +<p style="top:171.1pt;left:56.2pt">One such defector from the FARC led the rightist Bloque Norte y </p> +<p style="top:184.9pt;left:56.2pt">Anorí. The AUC also offered monthly wages to unemployed youth </p> +<p style="top:198.6pt;left:56.2pt">who had worked as sicarios for the drug organizations, if they would </p> +<p style="top:212.4pt;left:56.2pt">serve as AUC troops. (Hristov pp71,88,96,106) </p> +<p style="top:241.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>55. DEA Agents <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:257.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Law enforcement assistance:</i> Remove a Shipment and any 5 Cartels </p> +<p style="top:270.9pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:290.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Más Yanquis:</i> In 3 spaces with Cartels pieces, shift 1 level toward </p> +<p style="top:304.0pt;left:56.2pt">Active Opposition.</p> +<p style="top:323.4pt;left:56.2pt">Colombian-US counternarcotics cooperation thrived from the mid-</p> +<p style="top:337.1pt;left:56.2pt">1990s on, especially via the US Drug Enforcement Administration. </p> +<p style="top:350.9pt;left:56.2pt">Some regard the takedown of the Cali Cartel during this period as </p> +<p style="top:364.6pt;left:56.2pt">the DEA’s greatest victory. The relationship was not without its </p> +<p style="top:378.4pt;left:56.2pt">political frictions, though, including a struggle under Samper over </p> +<p style="top:392.1pt;left:56.2pt">how much control the Colombians would have over DEA activities </p> +<p style="top:405.9pt;left:56.2pt">in the country. Exaggeration in Colombian media may have added </p> +<p style="top:419.6pt;left:56.2pt">to the tension: the press in 1995 reported the presence of more than </p> +<p style="top:433.4pt;left:56.2pt">500 DEA agents in Cali alone, even though the agency in reality </p> +<p style="top:447.1pt;left:56.2pt">had no more than 2 or 3 agents there at a time. (Chepesiuk pp201-</p> +<p style="top:460.9pt;left:56.2pt">202,272) </p> +<p style="top:490.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>56. Drogas La Rebaja <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:505.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Cali cartel’s drugstore chain seized:</i> Transfer 9 Resources from </p> +<p style="top:519.4pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels to Government.</p> +<p style="top:538.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Retail empire:</i> Add twice Cartels pieces in Cities to Cartels Re-</p> +<p style="top:552.5pt;left:56.2pt">sources. Then place a Cartels Base in each of 2 Cities.</p> +<p style="top:571.9pt;left:56.2pt">The Cali Cartel’s Rodríguez brothers used their cocaine profits </p> +<p style="top:585.6pt;left:56.2pt">to build a semi-legal business empire, the heart of which was the </p> +<p style="top:599.4pt;left:56.2pt">Drogas La Rebaja drugstore chain. The Government in 2004 seized </p> +<p style="top:613.1pt;left:56.2pt">the 400-store chain, breaking the back of that cartel’s finances. </p> +<p style="top:626.9pt;left:56.2pt">(Chepesiuk pp68-69,259) </p> +<p style="top:656.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>57. Op Millennium <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:671.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Colombian-US strike at Bernal syndicate:</i> Replace up to 3 Cartels </p> +<p style="top:685.4pt;left:56.2pt">pieces with available Police.</p> +<p style="top:708.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Investigation penetrated:</i> In each of 2 spaces, replace a Police with </p> +<p style="top:721.9pt;left:56.2pt">an available Cartels piece.</p> +<p style="top:744.6pt;left:56.2pt">After dismembering the Medellín and Cali cartels, Colombian and </p> +<p style="top:758.4pt;left:56.2pt">US authorities pressed ahead with joint efforts to capture leaders </p> +<p style="top:772.1pt;left:56.2pt">of the surviving, decentralized “cartelitos”. Operation Millenium </p> +<p style="top:785.9pt;left:56.2pt">in 1999 netted drug group leader Alejandro Bernal and previously </p> +<p style="top:799.6pt;left:56.2pt">released Medellín Cartel co-founder Fabio Ochoa. But an estimated </p> +<p style="top:813.4pt;left:56.2pt">several hundred small cartels remained, into which Colombian po-</p> +<p style="top:827.1pt;left:56.2pt">lice and the US DEA had little insight. (Chepesiuk pp241,276-277; </p> +<p style="top:840.9pt;left:56.2pt">RAND pp15-16) </p> +<p style="top:67.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>58. General Serrano <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>National Police hammer cartels:</i> Cartels Resources –6. Remove all </p> +<p style="top:96.8pt;left:393.8pt">Cartels Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:116.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Officials on cartel payroll:</i> Cartels relocate up to 4 Police to any </p> +<p style="top:129.9pt;left:393.8pt">spaces.</p> +<p style="top:149.2pt;left:393.8pt">Colombian police—traditionally seen as corrupt, and many of whose </p> +<p style="top:163.0pt;left:393.8pt">members were at the service of the Cali Cartel—in the mid-1990s </p> +<p style="top:176.8pt;left:393.8pt">effectively declared war against drug traffickers. (Camacho-López </p> +<p style="top:190.5pt;left:393.8pt">p79) Studious and tough Policía Nacional chief General Rosso José </p> +<p style="top:204.2pt;left:393.8pt">Serrano Cadena cleaned house and from late 1994 on led the as-</p> +<p style="top:218.0pt;left:393.8pt">sault on the Cali Cartel, in close alliance with the US. (Chepesiuk </p> +<p style="top:231.8pt;left:393.8pt">pp xxi,192-197) </p> +<p style="top:261.2pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>59. Salcedo <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:276.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Cartel informant:</i> All Cartels Guerrillas to Active. Free Assault </p> +<p style="top:290.2pt;left:393.8pt">against Cartels in each space.</p> +<p style="top:309.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Cali cartel security chief: </i>Cartels flip all their Guerrillas Under-</p> +<p style="top:323.4pt;left:393.8pt">ground and relocate up to 3 of them anywhere.</p> +<p style="top:342.8pt;left:393.8pt">Jorge Salcedo was a key member of the Cali Cartel’s intelligence </p> +<p style="top:356.5pt;left:393.8pt">and security team—the talented, charismatic son of a Colombian </p> +<p style="top:370.2pt;left:393.8pt">general, he had military training, counterinsurgency field experience, </p> +<p style="top:384.0pt;left:393.8pt">excellent computer skills, and fluent English. Turned informant </p> +<p style="top:397.8pt;left:393.8pt">by US enforcement authorities, Salcedo opened a window on Cali </p> +<p style="top:411.5pt;left:393.8pt">Cartel operations and enabled the capture of its leaders. (Chepesiuk </p> +<p style="top:425.2pt;left:393.8pt">pp137-138,212-219) </p> +<p style="top:454.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>60. The Chess Player <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:470.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Kingpin strategy scores:</i> Remove all Cartels pieces from 2 Cities </p> +<p style="top:483.8pt;left:393.8pt">or 1 Dept. Govt Resources +6.</p> +<p style="top:503.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Cali’s Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela expands empire:</i> Cartels place </p> +<p style="top:516.9pt;left:393.8pt">an available Base in each of 2 Cities and free Bribe in 1 space.</p> +<p style="top:536.2pt;left:393.8pt">Less violent than Medellín’s Pablo Escobar, Cali Cartel co-found-</p> +<p style="top:550.0pt;left:393.8pt">ers Gilberto (“The Chess Player”—cartel strategic planner) and </p> +<p style="top:563.8pt;left:393.8pt">Miguel (“El Señor”—cartel boss) Rodríguez Orejuela only became </p> +<p style="top:577.5pt;left:393.8pt">a Government priority after Escobar’s death in late 1993 and a drug </p> +<p style="top:591.2pt;left:393.8pt">financing scandal reached the Presidency of Ernesto Samper in 1994. </p> +<p style="top:605.0pt;left:393.8pt">A Colombian-US strategy of combining leads and focusing resources </p> +<p style="top:618.8pt;left:393.8pt">on capturing cartel leaders netted the Rodríguez brothers’ arrests by </p> +<p style="top:632.5pt;left:393.8pt">1996 and extradition to the US by 2005. (Camacho-López pp78-79; </p> +<p style="top:646.2pt;left:393.8pt">Chepesiuk, pp xxi,22-23,68,95,202,269-270) </p> +<p style="top:675.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>61. Air Bridge <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:691.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Peruvian coca supply controlled:</i> Remove all Cartels pieces from </p> +<p style="top:704.8pt;left:393.8pt">1 City. Cartels Resources –6.</p> +<p style="top:727.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Colombian coca growers fill Peruvian void:</i> Place 1 Cartels Base </p> +<p style="top:741.2pt;left:393.8pt">into each of 3 Depts with no Cartels pieces.</p> +<p style="top:764.0pt;left:393.8pt">Traditionally, the bulk of coca processed into cocaine in Colombia </p> +<p style="top:777.8pt;left:393.8pt">had been grown in Peru and Bolivia. An “air-bridge” strategy of </p> +<p style="top:791.5pt;left:393.8pt">US-Peruvian interdiction of coca deliveries into Colombia denied </p> +<p style="top:805.2pt;left:393.8pt">Colombian traffickers most of this central-Andean crop—with the </p> +<p style="top:819.0pt;left:393.8pt">unintended effect of encouraging coca cultivation inside Colombia. </p> +<p style="top:832.8pt;left:393.8pt">Between 1995 and 1999, Colombia became the center of all stages </p> +<p style="top:846.5pt;left:393.8pt">of cocaine production, from harvest to delivery. (RAND pp12,20-21; </p> +<p style="top:860.2pt;left:393.8pt">Camacho-López pp 82-83) </p> +</div> + +<div id="page40" style="background-image:url('playbook40.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>40</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.9pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>66. Tingo María <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Coca crop fails:</i> Remove 3 Cartels Bases from Forest.</p> +<p style="top:102.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Hearty coca variety:</i> Within stacking, place an available Cartels </p> +<p style="top:116.3pt;left:393.8pt">Base into each Forest that already has one.</p> +<p style="top:135.6pt;left:393.8pt">Under pressure from the Government’s coca eradication spraying </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:393.8pt">to shift cultivation to less ideal terrain, growers adapted by devel-</p> +<p style="top:163.1pt;left:393.8pt">oping new varieties of the coca plant. One such variety, the Tingo </p> +<p style="top:176.9pt;left:393.8pt">María, would produce 3 times as much coca as the traditional plant. </p> +<p style="top:190.6pt;left:393.8pt">(RAND p66) </p> +<p style="top:220.1pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>67. Mexican Traffickers <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:235.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Major shipment busted en route:</i> Cartels Resources –10.</p> +<p style="top:254.8pt;left:393.8pt">INSURGENT MOMENTUM</p> +<p style="top:268.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>New routes to US market:</i> This Resources phase, Cartels add Re-</p> +<p style="top:282.3pt;left:393.8pt">sources equal to 4 x Bases.</p> +<p style="top:301.6pt;left:393.8pt">The Cali Cartel had relied on its own delivery networks to get cocaine </p> +<p style="top:315.4pt;left:393.8pt">to US market. Disruption of that cartel’s distribution routes through </p> +<p style="top:329.1pt;left:393.8pt">the Caribbean and the dismantling of the Cartel itself in 1995-1996 </p> +<p style="top:342.9pt;left:393.8pt">created opportunities for Mexican traffickers to provide Colombian </p> +<p style="top:356.6pt;left:393.8pt">wholesalers with delivery and retailing services. Already prior to </p> +<p style="top:370.4pt;left:393.8pt">Op Millenium, the Colombian Bernal group was working with a </p> +<p style="top:384.1pt;left:393.8pt">Mexican Ciudad Juárez-based cartel to deliver 20-30 tons of cocaine </p> +<p style="top:397.9pt;left:393.8pt">monthly to the United States. Mexicans soon came to dominate US </p> +<p style="top:411.6pt;left:393.8pt">cocaine distribution with more extensive and efficient networks. </p> +<p style="top:425.4pt;left:393.8pt">(Camacho-López p83; Chepesiuk p278; RAND p15) </p> +<p style="top:454.9pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>68. Narco-Subs <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:470.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Submersibles seized: </i>Remove from coastal spaces 2 Cartels pieces </p> +<p style="top:483.9pt;left:393.8pt">or up to 2 Shipments.</p> +<p style="top:503.3pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Littoral stealth:</i> Cartels Resources +2 per Cartels piece in coastal </p> +<p style="top:517.0pt;left:393.8pt">spaces.</p> +<p style="top:536.4pt;left:393.8pt">A predawn Colombian police raid on a Bogotá warehouse in 2000 </p> +<p style="top:550.1pt;left:393.8pt">discovered a 100-foot submarine under construction, a joint proj-</p> +<p style="top:563.9pt;left:393.8pt">ect between a Colombian cartel and the Russian mob, intended to </p> +<p style="top:577.6pt;left:393.8pt">smuggle tons of narcotics. (Chepesiuk pp227-8) </p> +<p style="top:607.1pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>69. Riverines & Fast Boats <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:622.4pt;left:393.8pt">Move any of your cubes or Guerrillas from 1 space through a chain </p> +<p style="top:636.1pt;left:393.8pt">of up to 3 adjacent Depts. You then may execute a free Op other </p> +<p style="top:649.9pt;left:393.8pt">than Patrol or March within the final space.</p> +<p style="top:669.3pt;left:393.8pt">Colombia features two major river valleys—the Magdalena and </p> +<p style="top:683.0pt;left:393.8pt">the Cauca—running south-to-north along the Andes, numerous </p> +<p style="top:696.8pt;left:393.8pt">major rivers draining the eastern plains into the Amazon, and both </p> +<p style="top:710.5pt;left:393.8pt">Pacific and Atlantic coasts. In all, 18,000km of navigable rivers in </p> +<p style="top:724.3pt;left:393.8pt">Colombia serve as highways for Government forces, guerrillas, </p> +<p style="top:67.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>62. Amazonía <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Brasília’s Op Cobra blocks border:</i> Remove up to 3 Insurgent pieces </p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:56.2pt">from 0 Population Forests.</p> +<p style="top:116.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Jungle landing strips:</i> Place 1 Cartels Base each in Guainía, Vaupés, </p> +<p style="top:130.0pt;left:56.2pt">and Amazonas.</p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">The lowlands of eastern Colombia, comprising 60 percent of national </p> +<p style="top:163.1pt;left:56.2pt">territory but only 4 percent of population, formed a vast hinterland </p> +<p style="top:176.9pt;left:56.2pt">vacuum for illegal groups to fill. Government pressure in the late </p> +<p style="top:190.6pt;left:56.2pt">1990s and early 2000s pushed these groups—coca growers and </p> +<p style="top:204.4pt;left:56.2pt">FARC alike—ever deeper into jungle sanctuaries. Brazil shared an </p> +<p style="top:218.1pt;left:56.2pt">interest with Colombia in controlling their vast Amazonian frontier. </p> +<p style="top:231.9pt;left:56.2pt">So it sought to block the daily clandestine flights between Colombia </p> +<p style="top:245.6pt;left:56.2pt">and its airspace and, with Colombian authorities, dismantled numer-</p> +<p style="top:259.4pt;left:56.2pt">ous jungle landing strips near the border. In 2000, it launched its </p> +<p style="top:273.1pt;left:56.2pt">3-year Operation Cobra to augment its border presence with the </p> +<p style="top:286.9pt;left:56.2pt">deployment of 6,000 Brazilian troops to the region. (Marks p129; </p> +<p style="top:300.6pt;left:56.2pt">RAND pp66,90-91) </p> +<p style="top:330.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>63. Narco-War <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:345.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Rival syndicates go for the throat:</i> In each space with Cartels Guer-</p> +<p style="top:359.1pt;left:56.2pt">rillas, remove all but 1; Cartels conduct free Terror with that 1. Mark </p> +<p style="top:372.9pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels Ineligible through next card.</p> +<p style="top:392.3pt;left:56.2pt">Pablo Escobar’s Medellín Cartel in 1993 fell into a tit-for-tat ter-</p> +<p style="top:406.0pt;left:56.2pt">ror battle with a vigilante group (“los pepes”) backed by the Cali </p> +<p style="top:419.8pt;left:56.2pt">Cartel—a narco-war that played a substantial role in Escobar’s fall. </p> +<p style="top:433.5pt;left:56.2pt">(Chepesiuk pp139-142) Fighting among cartels as of the late 1990s </p> +<p style="top:447.3pt;left:56.2pt">remained a major cause of the country’s 30,000 murders annually. </p> +<p style="top:461.0pt;left:56.2pt">(RAND p17)</p> +<p style="top:490.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>64. Cocaine Labs <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:505.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>FARC taps suppliers: </i>Place a Shipment with a FARC Guerrilla in </p> +<p style="top:519.5pt;left:56.2pt">the same space as a Cartels Base.</p> +<p style="top:538.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Well-oiled industry:</i> For each Cartels Base, Cartels Resources +2 if </p> +<p style="top:552.6pt;left:56.2pt">in City, +1 if in Dept.</p> +<p style="top:572.0pt;left:56.2pt">Colombia’s illicit drug industry built on a long tradition of Latin </p> +<p style="top:585.8pt;left:56.2pt">American smuggling. It initially required only the investment in </p> +<p style="top:599.5pt;left:56.2pt">urban laboratories to process rural crop into cocaine and heroin. </p> +<p style="top:613.3pt;left:56.2pt">Over decades, cartels built up into large-scale enterprises. The </p> +<p style="top:627.0pt;left:56.2pt">Cali Cartel boasted safe houses strategically spread across the city </p> +<p style="top:640.8pt;left:56.2pt">and an intelligence network of hotel clerks, corrupt police, street </p> +<p style="top:654.5pt;left:56.2pt">vendors, and 5,000 taxi drivers. With the breakup of the big urban </p> +<p style="top:668.3pt;left:56.2pt">cartels in the mid-1990s, profits declined, but the industry continued. </p> +<p style="top:682.0pt;left:56.2pt">(Camacho-López pp61,64-67,82-84; Chepesiuk pp203-204) The </p> +<p style="top:695.8pt;left:56.2pt">FARC helped fill any vacuum. For a fee, it would protect cocaine </p> +<p style="top:709.5pt;left:56.2pt">laboratories and landing strips, transport precursor chemicals, or </p> +<p style="top:723.3pt;left:56.2pt">ship finished cocaine. (RAND pp32-33)</p> +<p style="top:752.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>65. Poppies <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:768.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Growers and Government eradication focus on heroin source:</i> </p> +<p style="top:781.8pt;left:56.2pt">Place or remove 1 Shipment or Insurgent Base in any Mountain </p> +<p style="top:795.5pt;left:56.2pt">Department.</p> +<p style="top:814.9pt;left:56.2pt">Colombia in the 1990s became the Western Hemisphere’s largest </p> +<p style="top:828.6pt;left:56.2pt">producer of opium poppies and refined heroin (though Asia produced </p> +<p style="top:842.4pt;left:56.2pt">far more), with an estimated 7,500 hectares under poppy cultiva-</p> +<p style="top:856.1pt;left:56.2pt">tion as of 1999. Locals in coffee-growing regions had responded </p> +<p style="top:869.9pt;left:56.2pt">to a precipitous drop in coffee prices by switching to poppies, and </p> +<p style="top:883.6pt;left:56.2pt">the Government quickly responded with aerial spraying. (RAND </p> +<p style="top:897.4pt;left:56.2pt">pp12-13; Chepesiuk p27; Hristov p191) </p> +</div> + +<div id="page41" style="background-image:url('playbook41.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>41</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">and drug shipments. To exploit and control these waterways, the </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">Government with US support in 1999 established a riverine brigade </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">of 5 battalions spread throughout the country. The AUC meanwhile </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:56.2pt">fielded large numbers of speedboats with mounted machineguns </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:56.2pt">for their war against the FARC. And on the coasts, Colombian </p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:56.2pt">narcotraffickers and guerrillas used fast boats that outclassed those </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">available to regional navies. (RAND pp xix,33,65,86,97; Hristov </p> +<p style="top:163.2pt;left:56.2pt">p190; Bruce-Hayes-Botero p90; Murillo p100) </p> +<p style="top:192.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>70. Ayahuasca Tourism <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:207.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Eco-tourism helps trade balance: </i>Government Resources +6 for </p> +<p style="top:221.7pt;left:56.2pt">each Forest without Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:241.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Eco-tourists taken:</i> A Faction executes free Terror with any 1 Guer-</p> +<p style="top:254.8pt;left:56.2pt">rilla in each Forest and gets +3 Resources per Terror.</p> +<p style="top:274.2pt;left:56.2pt">Colombia hosts some of the most pristine rain forests in South </p> +<p style="top:287.9pt;left:56.2pt">America, drawing a growing eco-tourist trade (locally known as </p> +<p style="top:301.7pt;left:56.2pt">Ayahuasca tourism). Pharmaceutical companies have shown in-</p> +<p style="top:315.4pt;left:56.2pt">creased interest in the Colombian forest for potential medicines. The </p> +<p style="top:329.2pt;left:56.2pt">amazing variety of species also supports a thriving illegal export of </p> +<p style="top:342.9pt;left:56.2pt">animals. (Ricks-Lightner pp12-13) </p> +<p style="top:372.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>71. Darién <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:387.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Arms traffic interdicted:</i> Remove a Guerrilla from Chocó; its Faction </p> +<p style="top:401.4pt;left:56.2pt">suffers –5 Resources.</p> +<p style="top:420.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Border sanctuary:</i> Place 1-2 Bases in Panamá. It is a 0 Pop Forest. </p> +<p style="top:434.5pt;left:56.2pt">Sweep does not Activate Guerrillas there.</p> +<p style="top:453.9pt;left:56.2pt">Arms stockpiles from the Salvadoran and Nicaraguan civil wars of </p> +<p style="top:467.7pt;left:56.2pt">the 1980s were a major source of weapons smuggled into Colombia. </p> +<p style="top:481.4pt;left:56.2pt">Central American arms arrived in part via a network of 40-50 foot-</p> +<p style="top:495.2pt;left:56.2pt">paths through the triple-canopy jungle of Panama’s Darién province </p> +<p style="top:508.9pt;left:56.2pt">bordering Colombia. The same network served to smuggle drugs </p> +<p style="top:522.7pt;left:56.2pt">in the opposite direction. The FARC reportedly maintained 2 bat-</p> +<p style="top:536.4pt;left:56.2pt">talion-sized units and a major logistics and support base in Darién, </p> +<p style="top:550.2pt;left:56.2pt">outgunning the Panamanians. (RAND pp35,36f,85-86) </p> +<p style="top:579.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>72. Sicarios <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:594.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Hired drug guns unreliable:</i> Replace all Cartels Guerrillas in 2 </p> +<p style="top:608.7pt;left:56.2pt">spaces with other Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:628.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Unemployed ready to work for syndicates:</i> Place all available Cartels </p> +<p style="top:641.8pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas into spaces with Cartels Bases.</p> +<p style="top:661.2pt;left:56.2pt">Colombia’s big drug traffickers and guerrilla groups created a </p> +<p style="top:674.9pt;left:56.2pt">violent social type—the sicario: a poor youngster, mainly urban, </p> +<p style="top:688.7pt;left:56.2pt">who for a sum of money would kill a cartel’s opponents. The M19 </p> +<p style="top:702.4pt;left:56.2pt">guerrilla group in the 1980s, before its demobilization, organized </p> +<p style="top:716.2pt;left:56.2pt">and trained such poor urban youth, who later became gangsters for </p> +<p style="top:729.9pt;left:56.2pt">hire to the highest bidder, typically the cartels. (Camacho-López </p> +<p style="top:743.7pt;left:56.2pt">pp79-80) The AUC in turn offered monthly wages to unemployed </p> +<p style="top:757.4pt;left:56.2pt">youth who had worked as sicarios for the drug organizations, if they </p> +<p style="top:771.2pt;left:56.2pt">would serve as AUC troops. (Hristov p96) Finally, ex-AUC fight-</p> +<p style="top:784.9pt;left:56.2pt">ers with few alternatives often became sicarios for drug traffickers. </p> +<p style="top:798.7pt;left:56.2pt">(Hristov p155) </p> +<p style="top:76.7pt;left:405.3pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">SELECTED SOURCES</span></b></p> +<p style="top:100.3pt;left:405.3pt">(roughly, from Right to Left)</p> +<p style="top:123.1pt;left:405.3pt">“Insights from Colombia’s ‘Prolonged War’” by Carlos Alberto </p> +<p style="top:136.8pt;left:405.3pt">Ospina Ovalle, <i>JFQ,</i> issue 42, 3rd quarter 2006. The importance </p> +<p style="top:150.6pt;left:405.3pt">of strategy, doctrine, and legitimacy in internal war, from the </p> +<p style="top:164.3pt;left:405.3pt">architect of modern Colombian COIN.</p> +<p style="top:187.1pt;left:405.3pt">“Colombia—Learning Institutions Enable Integrated Response” </p> +<p style="top:200.8pt;left:405.3pt">by Thomas A. Marks, <i>Prism</i> 1, No.4, August 2010. How the </p> +<p style="top:214.6pt;left:405.3pt">Colombian Army and Government learned COIN during the </p> +<p style="top:228.3pt;left:405.3pt">period of the game and won against FARC and AUC.</p> +<p style="top:251.1pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Colombian Labyrinth—The Synergy of Drugs and Insurgency </i></p> +<p style="top:264.8pt;left:405.3pt"><i>and Its Implications for Regional Stability</i> by Angel Rabasa </p> +<p style="top:278.6pt;left:405.3pt">and Peter Chalk, RAND, 2001. From mid-period of the game, </p> +<p style="top:292.3pt;left:405.3pt">a US view of how to win as the Government.</p> +<p style="top:315.1pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Colombia—Issues for Congress</i> by June Beittel, Congressional </p> +<p style="top:328.8pt;left:405.3pt">Research Service (CRS), March 2011. Looking back on prog-</p> +<p style="top:342.6pt;left:405.3pt">ress in Colombian COIN and counter-narcotics, as assessed </p> +<p style="top:356.3pt;left:405.3pt">for the US Congress.</p> +<p style="top:379.1pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Drug Lords—The Rise and Fall of the Cali Cartel</i> by Ron </p> +<p style="top:392.8pt;left:405.3pt">Chepesiuk, Milo Books Ltd, 2003. Focused on US assistance </p> +<p style="top:406.6pt;left:405.3pt">to the Government in fighting the last flashy cartel.</p> +<p style="top:429.3pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Insurgency & Terrorism—From Revolution to Apocalypse</i> by </p> +<p style="top:443.1pt;left:405.3pt">Bard O’Neill, Potomac Books, Inc., 2005. Theoretical discus-</p> +<p style="top:456.8pt;left:405.3pt">sion of insurgency and COIN, including the nature of egalitarian </p> +<p style="top:470.6pt;left:405.3pt">(FARC), preservationist (AUC), and commercialist (Cartels) </p> +<p style="top:484.3pt;left:405.3pt">insurgencies worldwide.</p> +<p style="top:507.1pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Colombia: d20—Guerilla Warfare</i> by Tom Ricks and Ken </p> +<p style="top:520.8pt;left:405.3pt">Lightner, Holistic Design Inc., 2003. Background for roleplay-</p> +<p style="top:534.6pt;left:405.3pt">ing the Colombian conflict, including economic and cultural </p> +<p style="top:548.3pt;left:405.3pt">aspects.</p> +<p style="top:571.1pt;left:405.3pt">“From Smugglers to Drug Lords to Traquetos—Changes in </p> +<p style="top:584.8pt;left:405.3pt">Illicit Colombian Drug Organizations” by Álvaro Camacho </p> +<p style="top:598.6pt;left:405.3pt">Guizado and Andrés López Restrepo, <i>Peace, Democracy, and </i></p> +<p style="top:612.3pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Human Rights in Colombia,</i> University of Notre Dame Press, </p> +<p style="top:626.1pt;left:405.3pt">2007. How the big cartels learned to decentralize and keep a </p> +<p style="top:639.8pt;left:405.3pt">low profile.</p> +<p style="top:662.6pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Hostage Nation—Colombia’s Guerrilla Army and the Failed </i></p> +<p style="top:676.3pt;left:405.3pt"><i>War on Drugs</i> by Victoria Bruce and Karin Hayes, with Jorge </p> +<p style="top:690.1pt;left:405.3pt">Enrique Botero, Alfred A. Knopf, 2010. The stories of the most </p> +<p style="top:703.8pt;left:405.3pt">famous FARC hostages of the Uribe period.</p> +<p style="top:726.6pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Colombia and the United States—War, Unrest and Destabiliza-</i></p> +<p style="top:740.3pt;left:405.3pt"><i>tion</i> by Mario A. Murillo, Seven Stories Press, 2003. Discus-</p> +<p style="top:754.1pt;left:405.3pt">sion of the development, nature, and capabilities of the AUC; </p> +<p style="top:767.8pt;left:405.3pt">sees Government design in the formation and tolerance of the </p> +<p style="top:781.6pt;left:405.3pt">paramilitaries.</p> +<p style="top:804.3pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Blood and Capital—The Paramilitarization of Colombia</i> by </p> +<p style="top:818.1pt;left:405.3pt">Jasmin Hristov, Ohio University Press, 2009. A catalogue of </p> +<p style="top:831.8pt;left:405.3pt">human rights abuses by AUC and Army, pinned herein on class </p> +<p style="top:845.6pt;left:405.3pt">interests and Government complicity.</p> +<p style="top:868.3pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Revolutionary Social Change in Colombia—The Origin and </i></p> +<p style="top:882.1pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Direction of the FARC-EP</i> by James J. Brittain, Pluto Press, </p> +<p style="top:895.8pt;left:405.3pt">2010. The Marxist view of the conflict and why FARC is </p> +<p style="top:909.6pt;left:405.3pt">destined to win.</p> +</div> + +<div id="page42" style="background-image:url('playbook42.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>42</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +</div> + +<div id="page43" style="background-image:url('playbook43.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>43</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:78.8pt;left:496.8pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">CREDITS</span></b></p> +<p style="top:105.8pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Game Design:</b> Volko Ruhnke</p> +<p style="top:128.5pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Development:</b> Joel Toppen</p> +<p style="top:151.2pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Art Director, Cover Art and Package De-</b></p> +<p style="top:165.0pt;left:496.8pt"><b>sign:</b> Rodger B. MacGowan</p> +<p style="top:184.4pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Map and Counters:</b> Chechu Nieto, Xavier </p> +<p style="top:198.1pt;left:496.8pt">Carrascosa</p> +<p style="top:220.9pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Cards:</b> Mark Simonitch and Chechu Nieto</p> +<p style="top:243.6pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Rules and Charts:</b> Mark Simonitch and </p> +<p style="top:257.4pt;left:496.8pt">Charles Kibler</p> +<p style="top:280.1pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Playtest:</b> <i>Solitaire Aces</i>—Steve Caler, James </p> +<p style="top:293.9pt;left:496.8pt">“Norbert” Stockdale, Todd Quinn; <i>2-Player </i></p> +<p style="top:307.6pt;left:496.8pt"><i>Remoras</i>—Jeremy Antley, Mike Owens; </p> +<p style="top:321.4pt;left:496.8pt"><i>3-Player Home Front</i>—Andrew Ruhnke, </p> +<p style="top:335.1pt;left:496.8pt">Daniel Ruhnke; <i>Cartels Kingpin</i>—Darién </p> +<p style="top:348.9pt;left:496.8pt">Fenoglio; <i>Team Bogotá</i>—Juan Francisco </p> +<p style="top:362.6pt;left:496.8pt">Torres; <i>Devil’s Advocates</i>—Jeff Baker, </p> +<p style="top:376.4pt;left:496.8pt">John Gitzen, Dan McGuire, Patrick Neary, </p> +<p style="top:390.1pt;left:496.8pt">Joel Tamburo; <i>Demo King</i>—Mark Mitchell; </p> +<p style="top:403.9pt;left:496.8pt"><i>Guerrilleros</i>—Paul Aceto, Wendell Al-</p> +<p style="top:417.6pt;left:496.8pt">bright, Mike Bertucelli, Jeff Grossman, Igor </p> +<p style="top:431.4pt;left:496.8pt">Horst, Michael Lessard, Fred Manzo, Tim </p> +<p style="top:445.1pt;left:496.8pt">Porter, Stéphane Renard, Martin Sample, </p> +<p style="top:458.9pt;left:496.8pt">Roger Taylor.</p> +<p style="top:481.6pt;left:496.8pt"><b>VASSAL Module:</b> Joel Toppen</p> +<p style="top:504.4pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Images:</b> 1st Division, Ospina & Mora, </p> +<p style="top:518.1pt;left:496.8pt">High Mountain Battalions, Plan Meteoro, </p> +<p style="top:531.9pt;left:496.8pt">Kill Zone, Soldados Campesinos, National </p> +<p style="top:545.6pt;left:496.8pt">Coordination Center, Carabineros—Tom </p> +<p style="top:559.4pt;left:496.8pt">Marks; Caño Limón-Coveñas—Sémhur; </p> +<p style="top:573.1pt;left:496.8pt">Occidental & Ecopetrol—Pedro Filipe; </p> +<p style="top:586.9pt;left:496.8pt">War Tax, Colombia Nueva —Julián Ortega </p> +<p style="top:600.6pt;left:496.8pt">Martínez & equinoXio; DoD Contractors—P </p> +<p style="top:614.4pt;left:496.8pt">Alejandro Diaz; Gramaje—Luis Acosta; </p> +<p style="top:628.1pt;left:496.8pt">Hugo Chávez—Presidencia Argentina; </p> +<p style="top:641.9pt;left:496.8pt">Peace Commission—Germán Cabrejo; </p> +<p style="top:655.6pt;left:496.8pt">Secuestrados—Paola Vargas & equinoXio; </p> +<p style="top:669.4pt;left:496.8pt">Former Military—TerceraInformacion.</p> +<p style="top:683.1pt;left:496.8pt">es; Calima Front—La FM; Senado & Cá-</p> +<p style="top:696.9pt;left:496.8pt">mara—Leandro Neumann Ciuffo; Pinto & </p> +<p style="top:710.6pt;left:496.8pt">del Rosario—Louise Wolff; Unión Sindical </p> +<p style="top:724.4pt;left:496.8pt">Obrera—Mennonot; Bloques—Silvia An-</p> +<p style="top:738.1pt;left:496.8pt">drea Moreno; Castaño—Socialist Worker; </p> +<p style="top:751.9pt;left:496.8pt">Criminal Air Force—Mabadia71; Deserters </p> +<p style="top:765.6pt;left:496.8pt">& Defectors—John Jairo Bonilla; Drogas </p> +<p style="top:779.4pt;left:496.8pt">La Rebaja—jthadeo; Amazonía—Navy of </p> +<p style="top:793.1pt;left:496.8pt">Brazil; Narco-War—F3rn4nd0; Cocaine </p> +<p style="top:806.9pt;left:496.8pt">Labs—Valter Campanato ABr; Tingo </p> +<p style="top:820.6pt;left:496.8pt">María—H Zell; Darién—Christian Ziegler; </p> +<p style="top:834.4pt;left:496.8pt">Sicarios—Luis Pérez.</p> +<p style="top:857.1pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Production Coordination:</b> Tony Curtis</p> +<p style="top:879.9pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Producers:</b> Tony Curtis, Rodger Mac-</p> +<p style="top:893.6pt;left:496.8pt">Gowan, Andy Lewis, Gene Billingsley and </p> +<p style="top:907.4pt;left:496.8pt">Mark Simonitch</p> +<p style="top:107.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:123.2pt;left:56.2pt">1. 1st Division</p> +<p style="top:137.0pt;left:56.2pt">2. Ospina & Mora</p> +<p style="top:150.7pt;left:56.2pt">3. Tapias</p> +<p style="top:168.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:184.2pt;left:56.2pt">4. Caño Limón - Coveñas</p> +<p style="top:198.0pt;left:56.2pt">5. Occidental & Ecopetrol</p> +<p style="top:211.7pt;left:56.2pt">6. Oil Spill</p> +<p style="top:229.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:245.2pt;left:56.2pt">7. 7th Special Forces</p> +<p style="top:259.0pt;left:56.2pt">8. Fuerza Aérea Colombiana</p> +<p style="top:272.7pt;left:56.2pt">9. High Mountain Battalions</p> +<p style="top:290.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:306.2pt;left:56.2pt">10. Blackhawks</p> +<p style="top:320.0pt;left:56.2pt">11. National Defense & Security Council</p> +<p style="top:333.7pt;left:56.2pt">12. Plan Colombia</p> +<p style="top:351.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:367.2pt;left:56.2pt">13. Plan Meteoro</p> +<p style="top:381.0pt;left:56.2pt">14. Tres Esquinas </p> +<p style="top:394.7pt;left:56.2pt">15. War Tax</p> +<p style="top:412.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:428.2pt;left:56.2pt">16. Coffee Prices</p> +<p style="top:442.0pt;left:56.2pt">17. Madrid Donors</p> +<p style="top:455.7pt;left:56.2pt">18. NSPD-18</p> +<p style="top:473.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:489.2pt;left:56.2pt">19. General Offensive</p> +<p style="top:503.0pt;left:56.2pt">20. Mono Jojoy<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:516.7pt;left:56.2pt">21. Raúl Reyes<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:531.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:548.0pt;left:56.2pt">22. Alfonso Cano</p> +<p style="top:561.7pt;left:56.2pt">23. DoD Contractors </p> +<p style="top:575.5pt;left:56.2pt">24. Operación Jaque</p> +<p style="top:592.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:609.0pt;left:56.2pt">25. Ejército de Liberación Nacional<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:622.7pt;left:56.2pt">26. Gramaje<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:636.5pt;left:56.2pt">27. Misil Antiaéreo</p> +<p style="top:653.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:670.0pt;left:56.2pt">28. Hugo Chávez</p> +<p style="top:683.7pt;left:56.2pt">29. Kill Zone</p> +<p style="top:697.5pt;left:56.2pt">30. Peace Commission<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:714.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:731.0pt;left:56.2pt">31. Betancourt</p> +<p style="top:744.7pt;left:56.2pt">32. Secuestrados<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:758.5pt;left:56.2pt">33. Sucumbíos</p> +<p style="top:775.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:792.0pt;left:56.2pt">34. Airdropped AKs</p> +<p style="top:805.7pt;left:56.2pt">35. Crop Substitution </p> +<p style="top:819.5pt;left:56.2pt">36. Zona de Convivencia</p> +<p style="top:107.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:123.2pt;left:279.4pt">37. Former Military<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:137.0pt;left:279.4pt">38. National Coordination Center<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:150.7pt;left:279.4pt">39. Soldados campesinos </p> +<p style="top:168.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:184.2pt;left:279.4pt">40. Demobilization</p> +<p style="top:198.0pt;left:279.4pt">41. Mancuso<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:211.7pt;left:279.4pt">42. Senado & Cámara</p> +<p style="top:229.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:245.2pt;left:279.4pt">43. Calima Front</p> +<p style="top:259.0pt;left:279.4pt">44. Colombia Nueva</p> +<p style="top:272.7pt;left:279.4pt">45. Los Derechos Humanos</p> +<p style="top:290.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:306.2pt;left:279.4pt">46. Limpieza</p> +<p style="top:320.0pt;left:279.4pt">47. Pinto & del Rosario<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:333.7pt;left:279.4pt">48. Unión Sindical Obrera</p> +<p style="top:351.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:367.2pt;left:279.4pt">49. Bloques<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:381.0pt;left:279.4pt">50. Carabineros</p> +<p style="top:394.7pt;left:279.4pt">51. Pipeline Repairs</p> +<p style="top:412.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:428.2pt;left:279.4pt">52. Castaño<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:442.0pt;left:279.4pt">53. Criminal Air Force</p> +<p style="top:455.7pt;left:279.4pt">54. Deserters & Defectors</p> +<p style="top:473.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:489.2pt;left:279.4pt">55. DEA Agents</p> +<p style="top:503.0pt;left:279.4pt">56. Drogas La Rebaja<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:516.7pt;left:279.4pt">57. Op Millennium</p> +<p style="top:534.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:550.2pt;left:279.4pt">58. General Serrano</p> +<p style="top:564.0pt;left:279.4pt">59. Salcedo<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:577.7pt;left:279.4pt">60. The Chess Player</p> +<p style="top:595.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:611.2pt;left:279.4pt">61. Air Bridge<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:625.0pt;left:279.4pt">62. Amazonía<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:638.7pt;left:279.4pt">63. Narco-War<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:656.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:672.2pt;left:279.4pt">64. Cocaine Labs<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:686.0pt;left:279.4pt">65. Poppies</p> +<p style="top:699.7pt;left:279.4pt">66. Tingo María<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:717.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:733.2pt;left:279.4pt">67. Mexican Traffickers</p> +<p style="top:747.0pt;left:279.4pt">68. Narco-Subs<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:760.7pt;left:279.4pt">69. Riverines & Fast Boats</p> +<p style="top:778.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:794.2pt;left:279.4pt">70. Ayahuasca Tourism</p> +<p style="top:808.0pt;left:279.4pt">71. Darién</p> +<p style="top:821.7pt;left:279.4pt">72. Sicarios<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:841.1pt;left:279.4pt">73-76. Propaganda!</p> +<p style="top:71.0pt;left:216.0pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">CARD LIST</span></b></p> +</div> + +<div id="page44" style="background-image:url('playbook44.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>44</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:891.1pt;left:331.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>GMT Games, LLC</b></p> +<p style="top:905.6pt;left:289.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308</p> +<p style="top:919.1pt;left:330.1pt;font-size:11.2pt">www.GMTGames.com</p> +<p style="top:71.0pt;left:327.4pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">SPACES LIST</span></b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Cities </b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:225.0pt"><b> </b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:240.1pt"><b>Pop</b></p> +<p style="top:126.2pt;left:56.2pt">Bogotá & Villavicencio . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:126.2pt;left:247.0pt">8</p> +<p style="top:145.6pt;left:56.2pt">Cali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:145.6pt;left:247.0pt">3</p> +<p style="top:165.0pt;left:56.2pt">Medellín. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:165.0pt;left:247.0pt">3</p> +<p style="top:184.3pt;left:56.2pt">Bucaramanga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:184.3pt;left:247.0pt">2</p> +<p style="top:203.7pt;left:56.2pt">Ibagué & Pereira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:203.7pt;left:247.0pt">2</p> +<p style="top:223.1pt;left:56.2pt">Santa Marta & Barranquilla. . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:223.1pt;left:247.0pt">2</p> +<p style="top:242.5pt;left:56.2pt">Cartagena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:242.5pt;left:247.0pt">1</p> +<p style="top:261.8pt;left:56.2pt">Cúcuta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:261.8pt;left:247.0pt">1</p> +<p style="top:281.2pt;left:56.2pt">Neiva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:281.2pt;left:247.0pt">1</p> +<p style="top:300.6pt;left:56.2pt">Pasto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:300.6pt;left:247.0pt">1</p> +<p style="top:320.0pt;left:56.2pt">Sincelejo & Montería. . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:320.0pt;left:247.0pt">1</p> +<p style="top:339.3pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Total Population: 25</b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:279.4pt"><b>Departments </b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:425.7pt"><b>Type </b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:463.2pt"><b>Pop</b></p> +<p style="top:126.2pt;left:279.4pt">Antioquia - Bolívar . . . . . . . . .Mtn. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:145.6pt;left:279.4pt">Huila - Tolima . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mtn. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:165.0pt;left:279.4pt">Santander - Boyacá . . . . . . . . .Mtn. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:184.3pt;left:279.4pt">Arauca - Casanare . . . . . . . . . Grass . . .1</p> +<p style="top:203.7pt;left:279.4pt">Atlántico - Magdalena . . . . . .Forest. . .1</p> +<p style="top:223.1pt;left:279.4pt">Cesar - La Guajira . . . . . . . . . .Mtn. . . .1</p> +<p style="top:242.5pt;left:279.4pt">Chocó - Córdoba . . . . . . . . . .Forest. . .1</p> +<p style="top:261.8pt;left:279.4pt">Guaviare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Forest. . .1</p> +<p style="top:281.2pt;left:279.4pt">Meta East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grass . . .1</p> +<p style="top:300.6pt;left:279.4pt">Meta West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Forest. . .1</p> +<p style="top:320.0pt;left:279.4pt">Nariño - Cauca. . . . . . . . . . . .Forest. . .1</p> +<p style="top:339.3pt;left:279.4pt">Putumayo - Caquetá . . . . . . .Forest. . .1</p> +<p style="top:358.7pt;left:279.4pt">Amazonas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Forest. . .0</p> +<p style="top:378.1pt;left:279.4pt">Guainía. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Forest. . .0</p> +<p style="top:397.5pt;left:279.4pt">Vaupés . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Forest. . .0</p> +<p style="top:416.8pt;left:279.4pt">Vichada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grass . . .0</p> +<p style="top:436.2pt;left:279.4pt"><b>Total Population: 15</b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:502.5pt"><b>Lines of Communication </b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:648.8pt"><b>Type Econ</b></p> +<p style="top:126.2pt;left:502.5pt">Arauca - Cúcuta . . . . . . . . . . . Pipe. . . .3</p> +<p style="top:145.6pt;left:502.5pt">Cúcuta - Ayacucho . . . . . . . . . Pipe. . . .3</p> +<p style="top:165.0pt;left:502.5pt">Ayachucho - Sincelejo . . . . . . Pipe. . . .3</p> +<p style="top:184.3pt;left:502.5pt">Bucaramanga - Ayacucho. . . . Pipe. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:203.7pt;left:502.5pt">Ayacucho - Barranquilla . . . . Pipe. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:223.1pt;left:502.5pt">Medellín - Sincelejo. . . . . . . . Pipe . . .2</p> +<p style="top:242.5pt;left:502.5pt">Neiva - Bogotá. . . . . . . . . . . . Pipe. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:261.8pt;left:502.5pt">Yopal - Bogotá . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipe. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:281.2pt;left:502.5pt">Bogotá-Ibagué-Bucaramanga Pipe. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:300.6pt;left:502.5pt">Cartagena - Sincelejo. . . . . . . Pipe. . . .1</p> +<p style="top:320.0pt;left:502.5pt">Medellín - Ibagué. . . . . . . . . . Pipe. . . .1</p> +<p style="top:339.3pt;left:502.5pt">Ibagué - Cali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipe. . . .1</p> +<p style="top:358.7pt;left:502.5pt">Cali - Buenaventura . . . . . . . . Pipe. . . .1</p> +<p style="top:378.1pt;left:502.5pt">Cartagena - Barranquilla . . . . Road . . .1</p> +<p style="top:397.5pt;left:502.5pt">Bogotá - San José. . . . . . . . . . Road . . .1</p> +<p style="top:416.8pt;left:502.5pt">Cali - Pasto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Road . . .1</p> +<p style="top:436.2pt;left:502.5pt">Neiva - Pasto . . . . . . . . . . . . . Road . . .1</p> +<p style="top:455.6pt;left:502.5pt">Pasto - Tumaco. . . . . . . . . . . . Road . . .1</p> +<p style="top:475.0pt;left:502.5pt"><b>Total Economic Value: 30</b></p> +</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/info/playbook.html b/info/playbook.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a66bac --- /dev/null +++ b/info/playbook.html @@ -0,0 +1,2148 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html> +<head> +<title>Andean Abyss - Playbook</title> +<link rel="stylesheet" href="/fonts/fonts.css"> +<style> +body{background-color:slategray} +div{position:relative;background-color:white;margin:1em auto;box-shadow:1px 1px 8px -2px black} +p{position:absolute;white-space:pre;margin:0} +p{font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif;line-height:1em;font-size:11.5pt} +</style> +</head> +<body> + +<div id="page1" style="background-image:url('playbook1.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:663.8pt;left:169.2pt;font-size:52.5pt">P L A Y B O O K</p> +<p style="top:257.8pt;left:63.7pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>COIN Series, </b></p> +<p style="top:275.8pt;left:74.5pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Volume I</b></p> +<p style="top:311.8pt;left:94.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>by</b></p> +<p style="top:329.8pt;left:58.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Volko Ruhnke</b></p> +<p style="top:145.5pt;left:86.6pt;font-size:22.5pt"><b>Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Colombia</b></p> +<p style="top:745.4pt;left:290.0pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S</b></p> + +<p style="top:768.8pt;left:87.1pt;font-size:12.5pt"><span href="#page" style="color:gray">Tutorial</span> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2</p> +<p style="top:788.5pt;left:87.1pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page15">Guide to COIN Operations</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15</p> +<p style="top:808.2pt;left:87.1pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page16">Role Summaries</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16</p> +<p style="top:827.9pt;left:87.1pt;font-size:12.5pt"><span href="#page25" style="color:gray">1-Player Example of Play</span> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17</p> +<p style="top:847.6pt;left:87.1pt;font-size:12.5pt"><span href="#page25" style="color:gray">Non-Player FARC March Example </span> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25</p> +<p style="top:867.3pt;left:87.1pt;font-size:12.5pt"><span href="#page26" style="color:gray">What if a Non-Player Cannot Op?</span> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26</p> +<p style="top:887.0pt;left:87.1pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page27">Design Notes</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27</p> +<p style="top:768.8pt;left:393.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page33">Event Text and Background</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33</p> +<p style="top:788.5pt;left:393.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page41">Selected Sources</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41</p> +<p style="top:808.2pt;left:393.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><span href="#page42" style="color:gray">Counter Scan</span> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42</p> +<p style="top:827.9pt;left:393.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page43">Card List</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43</p> +<p style="top:847.6pt;left:393.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page43">Credits</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43</p> +<p style="top:867.3pt;left:393.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><a href="#page44">Spaces List</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44</p> + +<p style="top:933.2pt;left:161.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">© 2012 GMT Games, LLC • P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 • www.GMTGames.com</p> +</div> + +<div id="page15" style="background-image:url('playbook15.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>15</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">GUIDE TO COIN OPERATIONS</span></b></p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Strategy Notes for the Government</b></p> +<p style="top:110.6pt;left:56.2pt">by Joel Toppen</p> +<p style="top:133.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Here is an introduction to the forces and some key actions available </i></p> +<p style="top:147.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>to the Government Faction.</i></p> +<p style="top:173.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Troops </b></p> +<p style="top:189.6pt;left:99.4pt">Troops are your workhorses. They’re going to do all the </p> +<p style="top:203.4pt;left:99.4pt">heavy lifting for you. Essentially, Troops are your pieces </p> +<p style="top:217.1pt;left:99.4pt">that can be moved into spaces to search (Sweep) and de-</p> +<p style="top:230.9pt;left:56.2pt">stroy (Assault) Insurgent Guerrillas and Bases. </p> +<p style="top:253.6pt;left:56.2pt">Troops are brought into the game through the Train Operation. </p> +<p style="top:267.4pt;left:56.2pt">Troops can move via:</p> +<p style="top:285.6pt;left:56.2pt"><b>• Sweep Operation</b>—into an adjacent City or Department to find </p> +<p style="top:299.4pt;left:67.5pt">(Activate) Insurgent Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:316.7pt;left:56.3pt"><b>• Patrol Operation</b>—into and/or along LoCs to find (Activate) </p> +<p style="top:330.5pt;left:67.5pt">Insurgent Guerrillas and perhaps kill them in one such space.</p> +<p style="top:347.8pt;left:56.3pt"><b>• Airlift Special Activity</b>—any 3 troops (unlimited with <i>Black-</i></p> +<p style="top:361.6pt;left:67.5pt"><i>hawks</i> Government Capability) move from anywhere to anywhere </p> +<p style="top:375.3pt;left:67.5pt">on the map. Do not underestimate the effectiveness of this Special </p> +<p style="top:389.1pt;left:67.5pt">Activity! </p> +<p style="top:411.8pt;left:56.2pt">Troops kill Insurgent Guerrillas via the Assault Operation, but only </p> +<p style="top:425.6pt;left:56.2pt">Active guerillas.</p> +<p style="top:448.3pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas must be Activated by a Sweep (or some action they them-</p> +<p style="top:462.1pt;left:56.2pt">selves undertook) before Government Troops can eliminate them. </p> +<p style="top:484.8pt;left:56.2pt">Also, through their presence, Troops can project Government control </p> +<p style="top:498.6pt;left:56.2pt">of a space in a Control Phase of a Propaganda card. But, and this is </p> +<p style="top:512.3pt;left:56.2pt">important, by themselves, Troops cannot alter Support/Opposition </p> +<p style="top:526.1pt;left:56.2pt">status in an area. They need Police support to effect that. In the </p> +<p style="top:539.8pt;left:56.2pt">Redeploy Phase, Troops in a LoC or Department space without a </p> +<p style="top:553.6pt;left:56.2pt">Government Base must deploy out of that area (even if that space </p> +<p style="top:567.3pt;left:56.2pt">is Government controlled). Thus their staying power outside a City </p> +<p style="top:581.1pt;left:56.2pt">is limited. </p> +<p style="top:603.8pt;left:56.2pt">Lastly, Troops, by their presence in a space, can inhibit the ability </p> +<p style="top:617.6pt;left:56.2pt">of the AUC and FARC to make use of the Extort Special Action. </p> +<p style="top:631.3pt;left:56.2pt">Also, when positioned with Support or on a LoC, Troops can spot </p> +<p style="top:645.1pt;left:56.2pt">(Activate) marching Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:671.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Police </b></p> +<p style="top:687.6pt;left:99.4pt">Police are very, very important Government pieces. While </p> +<p style="top:701.3pt;left:99.4pt">much less mobile than Troops, Police give the Government </p> +<p style="top:715.1pt;left:99.4pt">player crucial positional staying power. </p> +<p style="top:737.8pt;left:56.2pt">Here’s what Police do for you: </p> +<p style="top:756.1pt;left:56.2pt">• Police cannot move with Troops on a Sweep (unless the <i>National </i></p> +<p style="top:769.8pt;left:67.5pt"><i>Defense & Security Council</i> Government Capability is in play). </p> +<p style="top:783.6pt;left:67.5pt">But they can, if already positioned in the space, assist the Troops </p> +<p style="top:797.3pt;left:67.5pt">in the space being swept. Police cubes count when factoring the </p> +<p style="top:811.1pt;left:67.5pt">effect of a Sweep. </p> +<p style="top:828.4pt;left:56.3pt">• Police inhibit the ability of the Cartels to use the Cultivate Special </p> +<p style="top:842.2pt;left:67.5pt">Action. Police can also inhibit FARC from using the Kidnapping </p> +<p style="top:855.9pt;left:67.5pt">Special Action. Like Troops, Police on LoCs or in spaces with </p> +<p style="top:869.7pt;left:67.5pt">Support can spot (Activate) marching Guerrillas (very important to </p> +<p style="top:883.4pt;left:67.5pt">protect the Cities), and inhibit FARC and the AUC from Extorting </p> +<p style="top:897.2pt;left:67.5pt">in a space. </p> +<p style="top:914.5pt;left:56.3pt">• Police can be used to Patrol LoCs to activate Guerrillas on LoCs, </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:405.0pt">and even conduct an Assault on a LoC as a part of the Sweep. </p> +<p style="top:84.3pt;left:393.8pt">• Within Cities, Police can participate in an Assault. </p> +<p style="top:101.6pt;left:393.8pt">• Police, like Troops, can protect a Government Base from Attack </p> +<p style="top:115.4pt;left:405.0pt">(cubes must be removed before a Base is removed). </p> +<p style="top:138.1pt;left:393.8pt">So far they probably don’t sound terribly useful to the player. There </p> +<p style="top:151.9pt;left:393.8pt">is, however, one crucial role Police have that makes them indispens-</p> +<p style="top:165.6pt;left:393.8pt">able: Police enable the Government player to conduct Civic Actions </p> +<p style="top:179.4pt;left:393.8pt">during a Propaganda card, and also as part of a Train Operation. </p> +<p style="top:202.1pt;left:393.8pt">Civic Action is the means by which the Government player degrades </p> +<p style="top:215.9pt;left:393.8pt">Opposition and/or adds/improves Support—necessary to fulfill the </p> +<p style="top:229.6pt;left:393.8pt">Government victory conditions. At least 1 Police cube is required </p> +<p style="top:243.4pt;left:393.8pt">to conduct Civic Action in a Propaganda Phase or as a postscript </p> +<p style="top:257.1pt;left:393.8pt">to a Train Operation. </p> +<p style="top:279.9pt;left:393.8pt">Police cannot move by Airlift or (usually) Sweep. They can only </p> +<p style="top:293.6pt;left:393.8pt">be moved onto LoCs and/or Cities from an adjacent space during a </p> +<p style="top:307.4pt;left:393.8pt">Patrol. If LoCs are free of Insurgent Guerrillas, Police can continue </p> +<p style="top:321.1pt;left:393.8pt">to move from LoC to LoC and City to LoC, etc., until a guerrilla is </p> +<p style="top:334.9pt;left:393.8pt">encountered or the player chooses to stop moving. But getting Police </p> +<p style="top:348.6pt;left:393.8pt">into Departments is not quite as simple and requires some planning. </p> +<p style="top:362.4pt;left:393.8pt">So how do you get Police to where you need them without using a </p> +<p style="top:376.1pt;left:393.8pt">Patrol Operation? There are two methods principally: </p> +<p style="top:398.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Training—</b>You can get Police into a space where they are needed by </p> +<p style="top:412.6pt;left:393.8pt">simply undertaking the Train Operation and Training Police in that </p> +<p style="top:426.4pt;left:393.8pt">space. For Cities, this is not a problem as you can Train in any City. </p> +<p style="top:440.1pt;left:393.8pt">Training in a Department, however, requires a bit of planning. </p> +<p style="top:462.9pt;left:393.8pt">In order to place cubes by Training in a Department, you must have </p> +<p style="top:476.6pt;left:393.8pt">a Base there. In order to get a Base into that Department, you must </p> +<p style="top:490.4pt;left:393.8pt">first have three cubes in that Department. OK, so how do you get </p> +<p style="top:504.1pt;left:393.8pt">cubes into a Department so you can place a Base? Typically, you will </p> +<p style="top:517.9pt;left:393.8pt">undertake a Sweep Operation to move Troops into a Department. </p> +<p style="top:531.6pt;left:393.8pt">You could also use the Airlift Special Activity to fly an additional </p> +<p style="top:545.4pt;left:393.8pt">3 Troops there. Then, in a subsequent turn, you undertake a Train </p> +<p style="top:559.1pt;left:393.8pt">Operation in that Department, only you don’t place cubes; instead, </p> +<p style="top:572.9pt;left:393.8pt">you remove 3 cubes and place a Base. </p> +<p style="top:595.6pt;left:393.8pt">Once you have a Base, in a future turn, you can Train and place </p> +<p style="top:609.4pt;left:393.8pt">Police into that Department. If you have Troops and Police and more </p> +<p style="top:623.1pt;left:393.8pt">Government pieces than any other Faction in that Department, you </p> +<p style="top:636.9pt;left:393.8pt">may also pay for Civic Action in order to improve Support (even </p> +<p style="top:650.6pt;left:393.8pt">without a Base). </p> +<p style="top:673.4pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Redeploy</b>—During the Redeploy Phase of a Propaganda card, the </p> +<p style="top:687.1pt;left:393.8pt">Government player can reposition any and all of his Police to any </p> +<p style="top:700.9pt;left:393.8pt">LoCs or any space with Government Control.</p> +<p style="top:723.6pt;left:393.8pt">Adjacency does not apply during this Phase, so this is a very pow-</p> +<p style="top:737.4pt;left:393.8pt">erful opportunity to move otherwise less-mobile Police around the </p> +<p style="top:751.1pt;left:393.8pt">board. The player must plan very carefully here lest he be forced to </p> +<p style="top:764.9pt;left:393.8pt">waste Resources and Operational tempo later on. </p> +<p style="top:787.6pt;left:393.8pt">And so, in short, the Government player may reposition his Police </p> +<p style="top:801.4pt;left:393.8pt">preemptively and for free during the Redeploy Phase. The Govern-</p> +<p style="top:815.1pt;left:393.8pt">ment player may place new Police reactively and for a considerable </p> +<p style="top:828.9pt;left:393.8pt">cost in Resources when undertaking a Train Operation during an </p> +<p style="top:842.6pt;left:393.8pt">event card play. Police enable the Government to gain precious </p> +<p style="top:856.4pt;left:393.8pt">support necessary to fulfilling his victory conditions. This then, will </p> +<p style="top:870.1pt;left:393.8pt">likely free up Troops to deploy elsewhere against Insurgents. Police </p> +<p style="top:883.9pt;left:393.8pt">give the Government player staying power. </p> +</div> + +<div id="page16" style="background-image:url('playbook16.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>16</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Bases </b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:115.7pt">Bases are crucial to Government success in that they </p> +<p style="top:96.8pt;left:115.7pt">provide the only means by which the Government </p> +<p style="top:110.5pt;left:115.7pt">player can maintain a constant Troop presence in the </p> +<p style="top:124.2pt;left:115.7pt">countryside. The Government player has only three </p> +<p style="top:138.0pt;left:56.2pt">Bases they can establish. Don’t waste them! </p> +<p style="top:160.8pt;left:56.2pt">Where do you need Bases? You need them in Departments. You </p> +<p style="top:174.5pt;left:56.2pt">do not need them in Cities. Why? Cities, are de facto Bases. Bases </p> +<p style="top:188.3pt;left:56.2pt">enable the player to Train Troops and/or Police in that space. Since </p> +<p style="top:202.0pt;left:56.2pt">you an already do that in a City, you do not need to give up three </p> +<p style="top:215.8pt;left:56.2pt">cubes and use one of your three Base pieces there! The only good </p> +<p style="top:229.5pt;left:56.2pt">a Base will do the Government in a City is deny the ability to place </p> +<p style="top:243.3pt;left:56.2pt">a Base in that City to one of the Insurgent Factions. But since the </p> +<p style="top:257.0pt;left:56.2pt">Government only has three Bases with which to work, this seems </p> +<p style="top:270.8pt;left:56.2pt">to be a wasted use of a Base. </p> +<p style="top:293.5pt;left:56.2pt">Why do you need Bases? You need Bases in order to Train Police </p> +<p style="top:307.3pt;left:56.2pt">and Troops in a Department. In order to decrease Opposition and </p> +<p style="top:321.0pt;left:56.2pt">increase Support for the Government, the Government player must </p> +<p style="top:334.8pt;left:56.2pt">undertake Civic Actions either in conjunction with a Train Operation </p> +<p style="top:348.5pt;left:56.2pt">or during a Propaganda card. In order to undertake a Civic Action, </p> +<p style="top:362.2pt;left:56.2pt">one or more Police must be in that space. In order to get Police into </p> +<p style="top:376.0pt;left:56.2pt">a Department where there are presently no Police, they must usually </p> +<p style="top:389.8pt;left:56.2pt">be Trained there. To be Trained there, you need a Base. </p> +<p style="top:412.5pt;left:56.2pt">Bases also allow Troops to remain in a Department during the </p> +<p style="top:426.2pt;left:56.2pt">Redeploy Phase of a Propaganda card. And so if the Government </p> +<p style="top:440.0pt;left:56.2pt">player is still fighting to wrest control of a Department from an </p> +<p style="top:453.8pt;left:56.2pt">Insurgent faction when a Propaganda card is resolved, the presence </p> +<p style="top:467.5pt;left:56.2pt">of a Base in that Department allows the Government player to keep </p> +<p style="top:481.2pt;left:56.2pt">his Troops in the field. </p> +<p style="top:504.0pt;left:56.2pt">So there you have it! Bases are one more important cog in the </p> +<p style="top:517.8pt;left:56.2pt">Government’s machinery. </p> +<p style="top:547.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">ROLE SUMMARIES </span></b></p> +<p style="top:574.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Government </b></p> +<p style="top:590.6pt;left:96.4pt"><b>Situation. </b>Colombia is at the edge of abyss. Illegal armed </p> +<p style="top:604.4pt;left:96.4pt">groups—flush with drug money—are multiplying in the </p> +<p style="top:618.1pt;left:96.4pt">countryside. Terror, sabotage, assassination, and kidnapping </p> +<p style="top:631.9pt;left:56.2pt">have reached alarming rates, and little of the rural population sup-</p> +<p style="top:645.6pt;left:56.2pt">ports the national Government. Only a full-out, whole-of-Govern-</p> +<p style="top:659.4pt;left:56.2pt">ment counterinsurgency (COIN) campaign can restore law and </p> +<p style="top:673.1pt;left:56.2pt">order to your nation. </p> +<p style="top:695.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Goal. </b>Expand the Government’s legitimacy throughout the country. </p> +<p style="top:709.6pt;left:56.2pt">The more population that supports you, the greater your chance to </p> +<p style="top:723.4pt;left:56.2pt">win. </p> +<p style="top:746.1pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Tools. </b>You can train forces to outnumber and assault the enemy </p> +<p style="top:759.9pt;left:56.2pt">with fearsome firepower. But guerrillas must first be flushed out </p> +<p style="top:773.6pt;left:56.2pt">from underground by sweeping cities or rural departments where </p> +<p style="top:787.4pt;left:56.2pt">they hide. Your troops are highly mobile by ground or air lift but </p> +<p style="top:801.1pt;left:56.2pt">must return to bases or city garrisons. Police—once established in </p> +<p style="top:814.9pt;left:56.2pt">a department—can stay. Police and troops together can conduct </p> +<p style="top:828.6pt;left:56.2pt">civic action to build your popular support. But COIN requires </p> +<p style="top:842.4pt;left:56.2pt">resources—be sure to control the country’s cities, pipelines, and </p> +<p style="top:856.1pt;left:56.2pt">other lines of communications and cultivate foreign aid to ensure </p> +<p style="top:869.9pt;left:56.2pt">your war chest remains full. </p> +<p style="top:892.6pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Deals. </b>It’s tempting to single-mindedly hammer the FARC and let </p> +<p style="top:906.4pt;left:56.2pt">the cartels and AUC do their thing, since FARC’s political interests </p> +<p style="top:920.1pt;left:56.2pt">directly oppose yours. But the smaller insurgents can quietly gain </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">momentum and win. Imagine a temporary truce in which you leave </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">FARC free to fight off the dread paramilitaries, while your eradica-</p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">tion of the Cartels’ fields helps FARC politically and fills your aid </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt">coffers. </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Tip.<i> </i></b>COIN is a gradual campaign—plan your territorial control and </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">civic action several operations ahead.</p> +<p style="top:170.9pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>FARC </b></p> +<p style="top:187.2pt;left:433.8pt"><b>Situation. </b>Colombia’s popular revolution is ready to tran-</p> +<p style="top:200.9pt;left:433.8pt">sition to the mobile phase. The Government has abandoned </p> +<p style="top:214.7pt;left:433.8pt">the countryside. Your revolutionary movement—the </p> +<p style="top:228.4pt;left:393.8pt">FARC—is drawing resources from Colombia’s drug economy. It’s </p> +<p style="top:242.2pt;left:393.8pt">time to move: rally your People’s Army and march on the strongholds </p> +<p style="top:255.9pt;left:393.8pt">of reaction! </p> +<p style="top:278.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Goal. </b>Build opposition to the Government to prepare its collapse. </p> +<p style="top:292.4pt;left:393.8pt">The more of the country’s population you can swing from support </p> +<p style="top:306.2pt;left:393.8pt">to opposition while sustaining your logistics, the better chance </p> +<p style="top:319.9pt;left:393.8pt">you’ll win. </p> +<p style="top:342.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Tools. </b>That probably will mean infiltrating cities with your guerril-</p> +<p style="top:356.4pt;left:393.8pt">las to agitate the bourgeoisie into uprising. Wherever you control </p> +<p style="top:370.2pt;left:393.8pt">the population by outnumbering all enemy forces with your fighters </p> +<p style="top:383.9pt;left:393.8pt">and logistical bases, you can agitate. Even where you can’t control </p> +<p style="top:397.7pt;left:393.8pt">territory, you can terrorize the populace into resenting Government </p> +<p style="top:411.4pt;left:393.8pt">fecklessness. To operate, you’ll need resources: extort controlled </p> +<p style="top:425.2pt;left:393.8pt">areas or kidnap and ransom resources away from wealthy drug lords </p> +<p style="top:438.9pt;left:393.8pt">or Government collaborators. If the Government or the reactionary </p> +<p style="top:452.7pt;left:393.8pt">paramilitaries come after you, ambush them first! </p> +<p style="top:475.4pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Deals. </b>You share the countryside with the cartels and can protect </p> +<p style="top:489.2pt;left:393.8pt">drug Bases by making the areas dangerous for troops or police. You </p> +<p style="top:502.9pt;left:393.8pt">share with your Insurgent enemies an interest in a weak Govern-</p> +<p style="top:516.7pt;left:393.8pt">ment—their terror can erode Government support and aid; you in </p> +<p style="top:530.4pt;left:393.8pt">turn can limit the growth of your logistical bases to placate the AUC. </p> +<p style="top:544.2pt;left:393.8pt">Even the Government may help you—giving you a pause to trim </p> +<p style="top:557.9pt;left:393.8pt">the AUC or Cartels when too strong or doing so itself. </p> +<p style="top:580.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Tip. </b>Strike the country’s lines of communications—they are the </p> +<p style="top:594.4pt;left:393.8pt">arteries of Government resources and maneuver.</p> +<p style="top:620.7pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>AUC </b></p> +<p style="top:636.9pt;left:433.8pt"><b>Situation.</b> Colombia’s Government has proven incapable </p> +<p style="top:650.7pt;left:433.8pt">of controlling the leftist scourge of the FARC. You will step </p> +<p style="top:664.4pt;left:433.8pt">into the security vacuum and use the terrorists’ own tactics </p> +<p style="top:678.2pt;left:393.8pt">against them. Funded by landowners who have suffered an epi-</p> +<p style="top:691.9pt;left:393.8pt">demic of FARC kidnapping, you will rally the autodefensa militias </p> +<p style="top:705.7pt;left:393.8pt">under the AUC banner and cleanse the land of leftist infrastruc-</p> +<p style="top:719.4pt;left:393.8pt">ture—or at least provide a counterweight. </p> +<p style="top:742.2pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Goal.</b> Eliminate FARC logistical bases while building your own. The </p> +<p style="top:755.9pt;left:393.8pt">more disparity in AUC’s favor, the closer you are to winning. </p> +<p style="top:778.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Tools. </b>Your guerrillas are every bit as effective as the FARC’s, </p> +<p style="top:792.4pt;left:393.8pt">though often less numerous, and can ambush to guarantee a suc-</p> +<p style="top:806.2pt;left:393.8pt">cessful attack. Your terror operations enable you to eliminate even </p> +<p style="top:819.9pt;left:393.8pt">protected FARC logistical bases through assassination, neutralize </p> +<p style="top:833.7pt;left:393.8pt">local opposition to the Government to allow you rally forces, and </p> +<p style="top:847.4pt;left:393.8pt">even trim back popular support of and foreign aid for the Government </p> +<p style="top:861.2pt;left:393.8pt">when it’s getting too strong. You can rally your forces in relatively </p> +<p style="top:874.9pt;left:393.8pt">safe Government areas and extort there for resources, then march </p> +<p style="top:888.7pt;left:393.8pt">a guerrilla army into a FARC stronghold to attack or infiltrate indi-</p> +<p style="top:902.4pt;left:393.8pt">vidual units to terrorize. </p> +</div> + +<div id="page17" style="background-image:url('playbook17.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>17</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Deals. </b>You can help the Government by going where it can’t: Your </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">informants enable you to attack underground guerrillas, your terror </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">instantly dampens FARC-based popular opposition, and you can </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:56.2pt">take on FARC within demilitarized zones. But don’t dismiss hand-</p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:56.2pt">shakes with other Insurgents. FARC rallying directly affects your </p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:56.2pt">victory—offer truce. And your assassinations can easily target the </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels’ business—extract drug shipments for “protection”. </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Tip. </b>You’re a remora on the Government shark. Swim along, but </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:56.2pt">be ready for the day it shakes you off and bites.</p> +<p style="top:212.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Cartels </b></p> +<p style="top:228.4pt;left:96.2pt"><b>Situation. </b>You have taken over Colombia’s illegal narcot-</p> +<p style="top:242.2pt;left:96.2pt">ics industry. The bad news is that the Government is gear-</p> +<p style="top:255.9pt;left:96.2pt">ing up its “war on drugs”, and the more it eradicates your </p> +<p style="top:269.7pt;left:56.2pt">drug production bases, the more gringo aid it gets. The good news </p> +<p style="top:283.4pt;left:56.2pt">is that the country is at the height of a civil war, and there are </p> +<p style="top:297.2pt;left:56.2pt">plenty of other illegal groups around to keep the Government busy </p> +<p style="top:310.9pt;left:56.2pt">and off your back. </p> +<p style="top:333.7pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Goal. </b>Make money. And grow your productive base to make sure </p> +<p style="top:347.4pt;left:56.2pt">that you can keep making money. The more resources and bases </p> +<p style="top:361.2pt;left:56.2pt">you accumulate, the more likely you are to win. </p> +<p style="top:383.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Tools. </b>You are a commercial insurgency and can attack and terror-</p> +<p style="top:397.7pt;left:56.2pt">ize your enemies like the rest. But your gunmen are less numerous </p> +<p style="top:411.4pt;left:56.2pt">and can’t protect everything you own. Your strength is that you are </p> +<p style="top:425.2pt;left:56.2pt">the fastest growing enterprise in the country: cultivate and process </p> +<p style="top:438.9pt;left:56.2pt">until you’re rich. Then bribe to neutralize whatever enemy guer-</p> +<p style="top:452.7pt;left:56.2pt">rillas, police, or bases stand in your way. Process drugs and use </p> +<p style="top:466.4pt;left:56.2pt">profits from the shipments to grease your operational skids and </p> +<p style="top:480.2pt;left:56.2pt">grow even faster. </p> +<p style="top:502.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Deals. </b>You got the drugs and the money, so you can get the deals. </p> +<p style="top:516.7pt;left:56.2pt">Resources are transferable, and—sooner or later—you should have </p> +<p style="top:530.4pt;left:56.2pt">garnered more than you need. Use them to buy friends. Or offer to </p> +<p style="top:544.2pt;left:56.2pt">process shipments for other Insurgents—or even for a staged Gov-</p> +<p style="top:557.9pt;left:56.2pt">ernment drug bust! Or agree to bribe away whatever threatens your </p> +<p style="top:571.7pt;left:56.2pt">enemy—anything to keep the heat off your coca fields. </p> +<p style="top:594.4pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Tip. </b>The potent Medellín gang just got shot up, so you are start-</p> +<p style="top:608.2pt;left:56.2pt">ing weak. Try to get a lot of bases and shipments ready to earn </p> +<p style="top:621.9pt;left:56.2pt">resources—but not so many as to draw unwanted attention!</p> +</div> + +<div id="page27" style="background-image:url('playbook27.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>27</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:182.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">DESIGN NOTES</span></b></p> +<p style="top:206.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> seeks to depict Colombia’s recent struggle in a </p> +<p style="top:219.9pt;left:56.2pt">game that captures key principles of insurgency and counterinsurgen-</p> +<p style="top:233.7pt;left:56.2pt">cy (COIN). Such principles include a focus on legitimacy (popular </p> +<p style="top:247.4pt;left:56.2pt">support or opposition), the contest between government firepower </p> +<p style="top:261.2pt;left:56.2pt">and guerrilla information advantage, and multiparty warfare. I aimed </p> +<p style="top:274.9pt;left:56.2pt">to present the topic via rules no harder to learn than <i>Labyrinth: The </i></p> +<p style="top:288.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>War on Terror</i> and with enthralling gameplay spanning multiplayer, </p> +<p style="top:302.4pt;left:56.2pt">2-player, and solitaire. These Notes go into some of the reasoning </p> +<p style="top:316.2pt;left:56.2pt">and history behind the game and its mechanics.</p> +<p style="top:342.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Origins</b></p> +<p style="top:359.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why a COIN Series?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:378.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Insurgency is the most widespread form of warfare today. Indeed, </i></p> +<p style="top:391.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>though military establishments persist in regarding it as “irregu-</i></p> +<p style="top:405.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>lar” or “unconventional”, guerrilla war has been the commonest </i></p> +<p style="top:419.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>of conflicts throughout history, occurring in one variety or another </i></p> +<p style="top:433.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>in almost all known societies. </i></p> +<p style="top:452.5pt;left:56.2pt"> —David Kilcullen, <i>Counterinsurgency,</i> 2010 </p> +<p style="top:475.3pt;left:56.2pt">Much like the study of warfare (in my country at least), board </p> +<p style="top:489.0pt;left:56.2pt">wargaming traditionally has focused on conventional conflict. Even </p> +<p style="top:502.8pt;left:56.2pt">within the realm of modern conflict, designers often choose hypo-</p> +<p style="top:516.5pt;left:56.2pt">thetical conventional wars rather than real, ongoing insurgencies. </p> +<p style="top:539.3pt;left:56.2pt">This fact leaves fields of virgin snow for the game designer who </p> +<p style="top:553.0pt;left:56.2pt">would venture into the complicated topic of insurgency—the effort </p> +<p style="top:566.8pt;left:56.2pt">of armed groups to use both violent and non-violent means to affect </p> +<p style="top:580.5pt;left:56.2pt">political affairs within a state. I design and play wargames in part </p> +<p style="top:594.3pt;left:56.2pt">to grapple with historically relevant issues, and the frequency of </p> +<p style="top:608.0pt;left:56.2pt">insurgency in our life-times surely makes it among the most relevant </p> +<p style="top:621.8pt;left:56.2pt">sorts to conflicts to us today. </p> +<p style="top:644.5pt;left:56.2pt">Perhaps because insurgency (like terrorism) so intimately blends </p> +<p style="top:658.3pt;left:56.2pt">politics with the use of force, too few boardgames have succeeded in </p> +<p style="top:672.0pt;left:56.2pt">adequately representing even the fundamentals of counterinsurgency </p> +<p style="top:685.8pt;left:56.2pt">(or COIN), such as the complex relationship between area control </p> +<p style="top:699.5pt;left:56.2pt">and political legitimacy, to name just one. </p> +<p style="top:722.3pt;left:56.2pt">The first board wargame that I came across that delved substantially </p> +<p style="top:736.0pt;left:56.2pt">into COIN was Nick Karp’s <i>Vietnam 1965-1975</i> (Victory Games, </p> +<p style="top:749.8pt;left:56.2pt">1984), and once I played it, I was hooked on gaming guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:763.5pt;left:56.2pt">ambushes in the jungle, airborne sweeps, pacification, and the rest. </p> +<p style="top:777.3pt;left:56.2pt">But, for all its merits in depicting COIN, <i>Vietnam</i> still focused on </p> +<p style="top:791.0pt;left:56.2pt">the maneuvers and clashes of big military units, with political affairs </p> +<p style="top:804.8pt;left:56.2pt">as a backdrop, and in any event took several hundred hours to play </p> +<p style="top:818.5pt;left:56.2pt">if its political-strategic aspects were to be included.</p> +<p style="top:841.3pt;left:56.2pt">The greatest recent advances in boardgaming COIN, in my view, are </p> +<p style="top:855.0pt;left:56.2pt">to be found in the designs of Canadian Brian Train. Brian’s wargames </p> +<p style="top:868.8pt;left:56.2pt">feature insurgency itself (rather than a hex-and-counter tradition) </p> +<p style="top:882.5pt;left:56.2pt">as their starting perspective, then build accessible simulations from </p> +<p style="top:896.3pt;left:56.2pt">there. His <i>Algeria: The War of Independence, 1954-1962</i> (Fiery </p> +<p style="top:910.0pt;left:56.2pt">Dragon, 2006) more than any other game, provided the conceptual </p> +<p style="top:923.8pt;left:56.2pt">basis for <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i>. <i>ANDEAN ABYSS’s</i> mechanics rendering </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">asymmetric Operations, Troops and Police, Underground Guer-</p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">rillas, Government Redeploy and Guerrilla March, Civic Action, </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">territorial Control, Terror and political Support all have starting </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt">points in <i>Algeria.</i></p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt">The menu of topics for future volumes in the COIN Series is rich. </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">For Volume II, <i>Cuba Libre,</i> <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> playtester Jeff Gross-</p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:393.8pt">man and I adapted the Colombia game to Fidel Castro’s 1957-1958 </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:393.8pt">insurgency. <i>Cuba Libre</i> exploits the same core system for ease of </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:393.8pt">learning, but portrays a far different insurgency and four factions </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:393.8pt">that each plays quite differently from those in <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i>. I </p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:393.8pt">plan the COIN Series in future to visit Africa, East Asia, and the </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:393.8pt">Mid-East—design time and gamer interest being the only limits.</p> +<p style="top:250.7pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why Colombia?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:269.4pt;left:393.8pt">With the wide menu of topics available, I chose Colombia for COIN </p> +<p style="top:283.2pt;left:393.8pt">Volume I both because it is among those topics under-treated in con-</p> +<p style="top:296.9pt;left:393.8pt">flict simulation and because of the remarkable richness of its story. </p> +<p style="top:310.7pt;left:393.8pt">As far as I know, only one other boardgame about Colombia’s recent </p> +<p style="top:324.4pt;left:393.8pt">insurgency exists, <i>Crisis Games:</i> <i>Colombia</i> by Karsten and Kaarin </p> +<p style="top:338.2pt;left:393.8pt">Engelmann, (published in 1990, coincidentally, from my own town </p> +<p style="top:351.9pt;left:393.8pt">of Vienna, Virginia). And that, printed over 20 years ago, predates </p> +<p style="top:365.7pt;left:393.8pt">the period that <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> depicts.</p> +<p style="top:388.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>The violence has worsened in Colombia, as the insurgent armed </i></p> +<p style="top:402.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>struggle has become more entrenched and widespread. The most </i></p> +<p style="top:415.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>violent zones of the country are those where two or more of the ac-</i></p> +<p style="top:429.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>tors involved in social conflict—guerrillas, drug cartels, and illegal </i></p> +<p style="top:443.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>self-defense (paramilitary) groups—are active.</i></p> +<p style="top:462.8pt;left:393.8pt"> —<i>Colombian Labyrinth,</i> RAND Project Air Force, 2001</p> +<p style="top:485.5pt;left:393.8pt">Colombia’s recent history features a full array of combatants of </p> +<p style="top:499.3pt;left:393.8pt">different objectives and tactics, ample to fuel a 4-way asymmetric </p> +<p style="top:513.0pt;left:393.8pt">multiplayer game. The Colombian state in the mid-1990s faced </p> +<p style="top:526.8pt;left:393.8pt">several simultaneous and well-resourced insurgencies—the FARC </p> +<p style="top:540.5pt;left:393.8pt">and its ally ELN, the Cali Cartel and its successors, and the AUC. </p> +<p style="top:554.3pt;left:393.8pt">By the mid-2000s, the state had contained each of them as significant </p> +<p style="top:568.0pt;left:393.8pt">threats to governance. How? I wanted to explore that.</p> +<p style="top:590.8pt;left:393.8pt">It was in the period chosen for the game that the Colombian Gov-</p> +<p style="top:604.5pt;left:393.8pt">ernment learned how to do COIN—jointly by military and civil </p> +<p style="top:618.3pt;left:393.8pt">institutions, extending state presence throughout the national terri-</p> +<p style="top:632.0pt;left:393.8pt">tory, building legitimacy by taking on all illegal armed groups. (See </p> +<p style="top:645.8pt;left:393.8pt">“Why does only the Government get permanent events?” below.) </p> +<p style="top:659.5pt;left:393.8pt">According to some researchers, Colombia is a model COIN success, </p> +<p style="top:673.3pt;left:393.8pt">and indeed the Colombians are now teaching other states. </p> +<p style="top:696.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why multiplayer?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:715.5pt;left:393.8pt">My previous designs, <i>Labyrinth</i> and<i> Wilderness War,</i> feature 2-way </p> +<p style="top:729.3pt;left:393.8pt">asymmetry of roles as a central theme. I wished my next design to </p> +<p style="top:743.0pt;left:393.8pt">take asymmetry to a new level: 4-way, including a solitaire experi-</p> +<p style="top:756.8pt;left:393.8pt">ence that would bring home the complex interplay of many interests </p> +<p style="top:770.5pt;left:393.8pt">that is COIN.</p> +<p style="top:793.3pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Counterinsurgency is fundamentally a competition between many </i></p> +<p style="top:807.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>groups, each seeking to mobilize the population in support of its </i></p> +<p style="top:820.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>agenda—counterinsurgency is always more than two-sided. </i></p> +<p style="top:840.2pt;left:403.8pt">—Kilcullen, “Twenty-eight Articles”, reproduced in <i>Counter-</i></p> +<p style="top:853.9pt;left:403.8pt"><i>insurgency</i></p> +<p style="top:876.7pt;left:393.8pt">In <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i>, the 4-way contest allows exploration, for </p> +<p style="top:890.4pt;left:393.8pt">example, of the ambiguous, multi-faceted relationships between </p> +<p style="top:904.2pt;left:393.8pt">Colombia’s Government and the right-wing AUC paramilitaries, </p> +<p style="top:917.9pt;left:393.8pt">and between the FARC and the drug cartels. How long do such </p> +</div> + +<div id="page28" style="background-image:url('playbook28.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>28</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">uncomfortable bedfellows cooperate? When do they turn on each </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">other? Such decision points become key features of the game’s nar-</p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">rative, as they were in history.</p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:56.2pt">As in <i>Labyrinth,</i> ends (victory conditions) differ among roles just </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:56.2pt">as do ways and means (operations and forces). I had played Joe </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:56.2pt">Miranda’s <i>Battle for Baghdad</i> (MCS Group, 2010) and was taken </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:56.2pt">with its 6-way, overlapping victory conditions: each player con-</p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:56.2pt">stantly has to watch the progress of every other against the unique </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:56.2pt">conditions of each, and more than one player can be making progress </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:56.2pt">without directly impeding the other. The play tension and diplomatic </p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:56.2pt">depth offered thereby are tremendous. <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> attempts </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:56.2pt">something similar (if more modest, with just four factions).</p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:56.2pt">The greatest design challenge was to render such a multi-faction </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:56.2pt">contest in a solitaire system. <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> provides multiple, </p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:56.2pt">asymmetric algorithms for solitaire play—I hope in an accessible </p> +<p style="top:291.2pt;left:56.2pt">enough form that solo players, once used to the play aids, will find </p> +<p style="top:304.9pt;left:56.2pt">the non-player routines well worth the effort of implementing. They </p> +<p style="top:318.7pt;left:56.2pt">generate a kaleidoscopic narrative, in which “bots” react to one </p> +<p style="top:332.4pt;left:56.2pt">another as well as to the player. At the same time, the separate non-</p> +<p style="top:346.2pt;left:56.2pt">player algorithms allow two or three players to represent Colombia’s </p> +<p style="top:359.9pt;left:56.2pt">4-way conflict in a variety of player combinations.</p> +<p style="top:382.7pt;left:56.2pt">An incidental benefit of <i>ANDEAN ABYSS’s</i> role-specific non-player </p> +<p style="top:396.4pt;left:56.2pt">system is that any player but the Government can leave a game in </p> +<p style="top:410.2pt;left:56.2pt">progress, and that game can continue with the system smoothly </p> +<p style="top:423.9pt;left:56.2pt">taking over the departed player’s role (a benefit revealed to good </p> +<p style="top:437.7pt;left:56.2pt">effect during pre-publication demonstrations of <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> </p> +<p style="top:451.4pt;left:56.2pt">at game stores and conventions).</p> +<p style="top:475.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Core Mechanics</b></p> +<p style="top:492.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why no hands of cards? </i></b></p> +<p style="top:511.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> is not in the Card-Driven Game (CDG) family. But </p> +<p style="top:524.9pt;left:56.2pt">it does draw from CDG tradition the exemplary ability of cards with </p> +<p style="top:538.7pt;left:56.2pt">choices between operations and events to bring detailed political and </p> +<p style="top:552.4pt;left:56.2pt">economic occurrences into a wargame’s narrative without fuss.</p> +<p style="top:575.2pt;left:56.2pt">Instead of dealing hands of cards, <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> offers events one </p> +<p style="top:588.9pt;left:56.2pt">at a time from a face-down deck. This puts the focus not on “what’s </p> +<p style="top:602.7pt;left:56.2pt">in my hand” but on “what’s happening on the map,” which seems </p> +<p style="top:616.4pt;left:56.2pt">a more direct representation of managing an insurgent or counter-</p> +<p style="top:630.2pt;left:56.2pt">insurgent campaign. Meanwhile, the unique design of the game’s </p> +<p style="top:643.9pt;left:56.2pt">event card sequence of play interweaves the event and operations </p> +<p style="top:657.7pt;left:56.2pt">choices with the exertion of influence by a faction with the initiative </p> +<p style="top:671.4pt;left:56.2pt">over the options of an adversary or ally.</p> +<p style="top:694.2pt;left:56.2pt">With both the current and upcoming event card exposed, and me-</p> +<p style="top:707.9pt;left:56.2pt">chanics such as lingering “Govt Capabilities” events, <i>ANDEAN </i></p> +<p style="top:721.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ABYSS </i>retains the painful tradeoffs between short- and long-term </p> +<p style="top:735.4pt;left:56.2pt">benefits of great CDGs. But player interaction and development </p> +<p style="top:749.2pt;left:56.2pt">of board position dominate rather than hand or deck management. </p> +<p style="top:762.9pt;left:56.2pt">Insurgency and COIN are long-term strategies, and players who </p> +<p style="top:776.7pt;left:56.2pt">build their position on the map of Colombia toward the endgame </p> +<p style="top:790.4pt;left:56.2pt">tend to succeed.</p> +<p style="top:813.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why so many dual-use events?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:832.7pt;left:56.2pt">In the development of <i>Labyrinth,</i> Joel Toppen and I found ourselves </p> +<p style="top:846.4pt;left:56.2pt">adding more and more events that featured effects that differed </p> +<p style="top:860.2pt;left:56.2pt">depending on which side played them. Because of <i>Labyrinth’s</i> </p> +<p style="top:873.9pt;left:56.2pt">mechanic of card play triggering an enemy event, and therefore the </p> +<p style="top:887.7pt;left:56.2pt">need to have a majority of events dedicated to only one side or the </p> +<p style="top:901.4pt;left:56.2pt">other, these dual-use events had to be limited in number. But they </p> +<p style="top:915.2pt;left:56.2pt">appeared so useful to represent alternative historical paths and the </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">ambiguous nature of real-world occurrences, that I set dual-use </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">events as the norm for <i>ANDEAN ABYSS.</i></p> +<p style="top:103.4pt;left:393.8pt">Dual-use events proved particularly helpful in representing the </p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:393.8pt">historical and ideological controversy over Colombia’s struggle </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt">prevalent in the sources that I had available (see “Fantasy of the </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">Right—or Left?” below). But these event cards represent not only </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:393.8pt">alternative interpretations, but also alternative history (that which </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:393.8pt">did not occur, but could have) and double-edged swords (uncertain-</p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:393.8pt">ties over which of two effects might most influence the course of </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:393.8pt">conflict). </p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:393.8pt">Where dual-use events at least in part represent alternative interpreta-</p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:393.8pt">tions, I have sought to provide representatives of both views in the </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:393.8pt">event background notes and their sourcing in this playbook.</p> +<p style="top:273.4pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why different sets of operations?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:292.2pt;left:393.8pt">Beyond giving each faction its own historical identity and flavor, </p> +<p style="top:305.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> tries to model the asymmetric contest between </p> +<p style="top:319.7pt;left:393.8pt">insurgent guerrillas and government security forces. The most central </p> +<p style="top:333.4pt;left:393.8pt">distinction in this regard is the pitting of the insurgents’ information </p> +<p style="top:347.2pt;left:393.8pt">advantage against the counterinsurgents’ firepower advantage—and </p> +<p style="top:360.9pt;left:393.8pt">the nature of insurgent and COIN operations in the game reflects </p> +<p style="top:374.7pt;left:393.8pt">this distinction. </p> +<p style="top:397.4pt;left:393.8pt">Government forces must sweep to expose (find) underground </p> +<p style="top:411.2pt;left:393.8pt">guerrillas before organizing a strike upon them—often giving the </p> +<p style="top:424.9pt;left:393.8pt">insurgents a chance to escape first. Guerrillas know who and where </p> +<p style="top:438.7pt;left:393.8pt">their enemies are, but their attacks are weak compared to govern-</p> +<p style="top:452.4pt;left:393.8pt">ment troop assaults. </p> +<p style="top:475.2pt;left:393.8pt">Since the insurgents get their information advantage from melding </p> +<p style="top:488.9pt;left:393.8pt">with the local population, a hostile population can undo that advan-</p> +<p style="top:502.7pt;left:393.8pt">tage by reporting on (exposing) guerrillas that march into their area. </p> +<p style="top:516.4pt;left:393.8pt">Even a neutral population will quietly tolerate armed forces in their </p> +<p style="top:530.2pt;left:393.8pt">midst, so allowing guerrillas to move safely.</p> +<p style="top:552.9pt;left:393.8pt">These game mechanics represent the real-life cat-and-mouse char-</p> +<p style="top:566.7pt;left:393.8pt">acteristic of COIN engagement, whether in an army “search and </p> +<p style="top:580.4pt;left:393.8pt">destroy” mission against guerrilla columns in the jungle hinterland </p> +<p style="top:594.2pt;left:393.8pt">or a police investigation of an urban underground. </p> +<p style="top:617.7pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why does only the Government get permanent events?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:636.4pt;left:393.8pt">In <i>ANDEAN ABYSS,</i> the Government alone may receive potent </p> +<p style="top:650.2pt;left:393.8pt">improvements to capability that last the remainder of the game. </p> +<p style="top:663.9pt;left:393.8pt">The insurgents, in contrast, can achieve only a momentum that </p> +<p style="top:677.7pt;left:393.8pt">dissipates after a single campaign. This difference represents the </p> +<p style="top:691.4pt;left:393.8pt">fact that, as mentioned above, the period of Colombian conflict </p> +<p style="top:705.2pt;left:393.8pt">portrayed was fundamentally characterized by a steady building of </p> +<p style="top:718.9pt;left:393.8pt">the Government’s COIN skill and capacity.</p> +<p style="top:741.7pt;left:393.8pt">That building capacity rested on unifying COIN into one effort by </p> +<p style="top:755.4pt;left:393.8pt">the whole government: national political leadership from president to </p> +<p style="top:769.2pt;left:393.8pt">legislature, the joint military services, national police and judiciary, </p> +<p style="top:782.9pt;left:393.8pt">and economic development orchestrated as never before to win </p> +<p style="top:796.7pt;left:393.8pt">the war. It also included a better understanding of the nature of the </p> +<p style="top:810.4pt;left:393.8pt">enemy’s strategy, so that military operations could be more effective </p> +<p style="top:824.2pt;left:393.8pt">and supportive of a counter-strategy. The game’s Govt Capabilities </p> +<p style="top:837.9pt;left:393.8pt">events <i>National Defense & Security Council, 1st Division, Tapias, </i></p> +<p style="top:851.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Ospina & Mora</i> and others represent this organizational and strategic </p> +<p style="top:865.4pt;left:393.8pt">development of a potent Colombian COIN. </p> +<p style="top:888.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Uribe pursued an aggressive plan to address Colombia’s decade-long </i></p> +<p style="top:901.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>conflict with the country’s leftist guerrillas and rightist paramilitary </i></p> +<p style="top:915.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>groups and to reduce the production of illicit drugs. ... [Colombia] </i></p> +</div> + +<div id="page29" style="background-image:url('playbook29.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>29</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>has made significant progress in reestablishing government control </i></p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>over much of its territory, combating drug trafficking and terrorist </i></p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>activities, and reducing poverty.</i></p> +<p style="top:113.8pt;left:56.2pt"> —Congressional Research Service <i>Report for Congress,</i> 2011</p> +<p style="top:136.5pt;left:56.2pt">With increasing US training and equipment assistance during the </p> +<p style="top:150.3pt;left:56.2pt">period, first under the “War on Drugs” then the “War on Terror”, </p> +<p style="top:164.0pt;left:56.2pt">and with Uribe’s full-force war effort against illegal groups, mate-</p> +<p style="top:177.8pt;left:56.2pt">rial COIN capacity built along with skill and strategy. So we have </p> +<p style="top:191.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Blackhawks</i> for air mobility, <i>High Mountain Battalions</i> for Andean </p> +<p style="top:205.3pt;left:56.2pt">operations, <i>7th Special Forces</i> for US training, and so on.</p> +<p style="top:228.0pt;left:56.2pt">This treatment of a building COIN versus more ephemeral insurgent </p> +<p style="top:241.8pt;left:56.2pt">capabilities contrasts with that in Volume II, <i>Cuba Libre.</i> There, to </p> +<p style="top:255.5pt;left:56.2pt">represent the growth of insurgent potency contrasted with the Batista </p> +<p style="top:269.3pt;left:56.2pt">regime’s failure to adapt its means, the game reverses mechanics </p> +<p style="top:283.0pt;left:56.2pt">and instead presents lasting “Insurgent Capabilities” and temporary </p> +<p style="top:296.8pt;left:56.2pt">“Govt Momentum”.</p> +<p style="top:320.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Why include lines of communication?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:339.0pt;left:56.2pt">The game’s mechanics surrounding lines of communication (LoCs) </p> +<p style="top:352.8pt;left:56.2pt">represent the dependence of the country’s economy, government </p> +<p style="top:366.5pt;left:56.2pt">revenues, and therefore COIN operations tempo on railways, roads, </p> +<p style="top:380.3pt;left:56.2pt">powerlines, and—in Colombia especially—pipelines delivering </p> +<p style="top:394.0pt;left:56.2pt">energy exports. </p> +<p style="top:416.8pt;left:56.2pt">A guerrilla sabotage and kidnapping campaign against the LoCs </p> +<p style="top:430.5pt;left:56.2pt">of a government that is already resource-limited can spike a COIN </p> +<p style="top:444.3pt;left:56.2pt">campaign. But insurgent players will find that sabotage is not cake: </p> +<p style="top:458.0pt;left:56.2pt">LoCs are dangerous places for guerrillas, as security forces can reach </p> +<p style="top:471.8pt;left:56.2pt">them quickly and tend to defend them aggressively.</p> +<p style="top:495.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>What does the Propaganda Round represent?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:514.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS’s</i> Propaganda Rounds punctuate insurgency-COIN </p> +<p style="top:527.8pt;left:56.2pt">campaigns at irregular and not precisely predictable moments. They </p> +<p style="top:541.5pt;left:56.2pt">represents less a given moment or time period distinct from the </p> +<p style="top:555.3pt;left:56.2pt">general course of the conflict and more an accounting of various </p> +<p style="top:569.0pt;left:56.2pt">matters that are really progressing concurrently with the game’s </p> +<p style="top:582.8pt;left:56.2pt">events and operations: tax collection, export earnings, the political </p> +<p style="top:596.5pt;left:56.2pt">effects of ongoing and steady FARC propaganda activities (agita-</p> +<p style="top:610.3pt;left:56.2pt">tion) and government investment (civic action), relocation of forces </p> +<p style="top:624.0pt;left:56.2pt">among relatively quiet or controlled areas, and the development of </p> +<p style="top:637.8pt;left:56.2pt">effective local police forces.</p> +<p style="top:660.5pt;left:56.2pt">Knowing only with very little warning exactly when this accounting </p> +<p style="top:674.3pt;left:56.2pt">will take place adds to play tension and represents the real-world </p> +<p style="top:688.0pt;left:56.2pt">uncertainties in war regarding the outcomes of these larger, cumula-</p> +<p style="top:701.8pt;left:56.2pt">tive processes (how much revenue will we collect? how popular will </p> +<p style="top:715.5pt;left:56.2pt">our political and military efforts be? and the like).</p> +<p style="top:741.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>COIN History in the Game: </b></p> +<p style="top:758.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Local Security as a Key</i></b></p> +<p style="top:777.5pt;left:56.2pt">Establishing local security for the population in order to deny support </p> +<p style="top:791.3pt;left:56.2pt">to guerrillas is another key aspect of counterinsurgency represented </p> +<p style="top:805.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS’s</i> mechanics. US COIN scholar Tom Marks de-</p> +<p style="top:818.8pt;left:56.2pt">scribes the local security situation in the Colombian countryside </p> +<p style="top:832.5pt;left:56.2pt">as of the mid-1990s—a good description of the challenge for the </p> +<p style="top:846.3pt;left:56.2pt">Government player at the beginning of the game:</p> +<p style="top:869.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Domination of local areas was the linchpin of the counterinsurgent </i></p> +<p style="top:882.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>effort, and a variety of imaginative solutions were tried to maintain </i></p> +<p style="top:896.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>state presence in affected areas... But in the absence of local forces, </i></p> +<p style="top:910.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>which had fallen afoul of constitutional court restrictions and thus </i></p> +<p style="top:924.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>were disbanded, it was difficult to consolidate gains. As areas were </i></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>retaken, they could not be garrisoned with home guards. Instead, </i></p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>regular units rotated in and out in a perpetual shell game designed </i></p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>to keep FARC off balance. </i></p> +<p style="top:113.8pt;left:393.8pt"> —<i>Military Review,</i> March-April 2007</p> +<p style="top:136.5pt;left:393.8pt"><b>Troops and Police.</b> In the game, Troops represent the Government’s </p> +<p style="top:150.3pt;left:393.8pt">regular forces: highly mobile across the countryside and hard-hitting </p> +<p style="top:164.0pt;left:393.8pt">against enemy forces, but eventually forced to return to garrison </p> +<p style="top:177.8pt;left:393.8pt">in cities or bases. Police represent the local security forces: time-</p> +<p style="top:191.5pt;left:393.8pt">consuming to build to effectiveness in contested areas, but essential </p> +<p style="top:205.3pt;left:393.8pt">to day-to-day law and order and therefore to the Government’s </p> +<p style="top:219.0pt;left:393.8pt">legitimacy and popular support.</p> +<p style="top:241.8pt;left:393.8pt">In <i>ANDEAN ABYSS,</i> Government troops can sweep into an enemy </p> +<p style="top:255.5pt;left:393.8pt">area and locate and assault guerrilla forces. As troops establish con-</p> +<p style="top:269.3pt;left:393.8pt">trol, police eventually can deploy into the area to stay. Or the troops </p> +<p style="top:283.0pt;left:393.8pt">can establish a Government base to more quickly train local police. </p> +<p style="top:296.8pt;left:393.8pt">Only once both troops and effective police forces are in place, can </p> +<p style="top:310.5pt;left:393.8pt">the Government invest in local development through civic action, </p> +<p style="top:324.3pt;left:393.8pt">thereby building popular support and countering the insurgency.</p> +<p style="top:347.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>“Imaginitive Solutions”—Help for the Government to Stay </i></b></p> +<p style="top:362.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>in Local Areas</i></b></p> +<p style="top:381.5pt;left:393.8pt">The above process is time-consuming and uncertain for the Govern-</p> +<p style="top:395.3pt;left:393.8pt">ment. However, several events can help it establish effective day-</p> +<p style="top:409.0pt;left:393.8pt">to-day security in the countryside more quickly. One example is the </p> +<p style="top:422.8pt;left:393.8pt">establishment of local forces platoons called Soldados Campesinos: </p> +<p style="top:436.5pt;left:393.8pt">forces that blend the advantages of regular troops and regional </p> +<p style="top:450.3pt;left:393.8pt">police. </p> +<p style="top:473.0pt;left:393.8pt">Whether these opportunities become available is not entirely up to </p> +<p style="top:486.8pt;left:393.8pt">the Government COIN strategist: Will the talent to discover and </p> +<p style="top:500.5pt;left:393.8pt">implement imaginative solutions emerge? Will politics and bureau-</p> +<p style="top:514.3pt;left:393.8pt">cracy allow them to bear fruit? In the game, the event card may or </p> +<p style="top:528.0pt;left:393.8pt">may not come up, and the Government player may or may not be </p> +<p style="top:541.8pt;left:393.8pt">eligible to play it when it does, or may decide that other operations </p> +<p style="top:555.5pt;left:393.8pt">are more urgent.<i> </i></p> +<p style="top:555.5pt;left:528.7pt"><i> </i></p> +<p style="top:579.0pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>The Other Edge of the Sword—Military and “Paramilitary”</i></b></p> +<p style="top:597.8pt;left:393.8pt">In light of Colombia’s tradition of local self-defense militias and </p> +<p style="top:611.5pt;left:393.8pt">the evolution of those “autodefensas” into anti-FARC illegal armed </p> +<p style="top:625.3pt;left:393.8pt">groups (labeled “paramilitaries”) eventually under the leadership </p> +<p style="top:639.0pt;left:393.8pt">of Carlos Castaño’s AUC, there historically was concern that new </p> +<p style="top:652.8pt;left:393.8pt">local forces platoons would simply augment the AUC’s reactionary </p> +<p style="top:666.5pt;left:393.8pt">insurgents. In the game, the AUC is more likely than the Government </p> +<p style="top:680.3pt;left:393.8pt">to get the first crack at the <i>Soldados Campesinos</i> event (because of </p> +<p style="top:694.0pt;left:393.8pt">the order of the faction symbols on the card). And the AUC player </p> +<p style="top:707.8pt;left:393.8pt">(or non-player, if run by the game system) would almost certainly </p> +<p style="top:721.5pt;left:393.8pt">implement the card’s shaded, pro-insurgent effect, turning defecting </p> +<p style="top:735.3pt;left:393.8pt">rural police into AUC guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:758.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>And so what is the FARC doing about it?</i></b></p> +<p style="top:777.5pt;left:393.8pt">Beyond such special occurrences as defections, the Government’s </p> +<p style="top:791.3pt;left:393.8pt">rural forces will have to weather the more routine threats that are </p> +<p style="top:805.0pt;left:393.8pt">within the capabilities of the insurgent factions: FARC ambushes, </p> +<p style="top:818.8pt;left:393.8pt">AUC assassinations, Cartels Bribes, and the like. Insurgent players </p> +<p style="top:832.5pt;left:393.8pt">on the ball will be gunning for any newly established rural police </p> +<p style="top:846.3pt;left:393.8pt">before Government civic action can gain the populace’s support </p> +<p style="top:860.0pt;left:393.8pt">and make local insurgent operations that much more difficult: once </p> +<p style="top:873.8pt;left:393.8pt">populations support the Government, they block FARC from ral-</p> +<p style="top:887.5pt;left:393.8pt">lying new forces and (as discussed above) report on any guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:901.3pt;left:393.8pt">entering the area, flushing them from underground status and thereby </p> +<p style="top:915.0pt;left:393.8pt">blocking their ability to terrorize, ambush, and extort.</p> +</div> + +<div id="page30" style="background-image:url('playbook30.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>30</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>FARC History in the Game: </b></p> +<p style="top:83.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Nation Held Hostage </i></b></p> +<p style="top:102.5pt;left:56.2pt">Insurgencies, like governments, need resources to operate, but the </p> +<p style="top:116.2pt;left:56.2pt">collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the world’s leftist move-</p> +<p style="top:130.0pt;left:56.2pt">ments largely on their own. In their 2010 book about Colombian </p> +<p style="top:143.7pt;left:56.2pt">hostages, journalists Victoria Bruce, Karin Hayes, and Jorge Enrique </p> +<p style="top:157.5pt;left:56.2pt">Botero describe how Colombia’s revolutionary FARC insurgency </p> +<p style="top:171.2pt;left:56.2pt">turned to the drug trade for financing—contributing by the mid-</p> +<p style="top:185.0pt;left:56.2pt">1990s both to its development of a kidnapping industry and to the </p> +<p style="top:198.7pt;left:56.2pt">rise of the autodefensas that later merged into the FARC’s right-wing </p> +<p style="top:212.5pt;left:56.2pt">AUC enemy:</p> +<p style="top:235.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>The FARC ... controlled many of the coca-growing regions in central </i></p> +<p style="top:249.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>and southern Colombia, while the cartels managed much of the co-</i></p> +<p style="top:262.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>caine production and trafficking. The guerrillas operated by taxing </i></p> +<p style="top:276.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>the cartels and drug producers for protection and services. ... This </i></p> +<p style="top:290.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>economic alliance began to collapse when the leaders of the cartels </i></p> +<p style="top:304.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>... began investing their newfound wealth in property, primarily </i></p> +<p style="top:317.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>large cattle ranches which placed them firmly in the ranks of the </i></p> +<p style="top:331.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>guerrillas’ traditional enemy—the landowning elite. ... In turn, the </i></p> +<p style="top:345.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>guerrillas began a policy of kidnapping and extortion of the cartel </i></p> +<p style="top:359.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>members. For protection and retaliation, the drug lords organized </i></p> +<p style="top:372.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>and financed their own paramilitary armies. </i></p> +<p style="top:392.1pt;left:56.2pt"> <i>—Hostage Nation: Colombia’s Guerrilla Army and the Failed </i></p> +<p style="top:405.9pt;left:67.5pt"><i>War on Drugs,</i> 2010</p> +<p style="top:428.6pt;left:181.1pt"><i>Map from official Colombian sources </i></p> +<p style="top:442.4pt;left:180.9pt"><i>showing intensity of FARC guerrilla ac-</i></p> +<p style="top:456.1pt;left:180.9pt"><i>tivity during the period covered by the </i></p> +<p style="top:469.9pt;left:180.9pt"><i>game. Western Meta and Caquetá De-</i></p> +<p style="top:483.6pt;left:180.9pt"><i>partments are a hotbed containing the </i></p> +<p style="top:497.4pt;left:180.9pt"><i>sites of famous captures of both Colom-</i></p> +<p style="top:511.1pt;left:180.9pt"><i>bian presidential candidate Betancourt </i></p> +<p style="top:524.9pt;left:180.9pt"><i>and of three US DoD contractors.</i></p> +<p style="top:587.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>FARC Kidnapping, Cartels and Government Victims, and </i></b></p> +<p style="top:602.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>AUC Growth</i></b></p> +<p style="top:620.9pt;left:56.2pt">Colombian analysts in 1998 estimated that kidnappings by the FARC </p> +<p style="top:634.6pt;left:56.2pt">and its sister group, the ELN, accounted for 20 to 30 percent of all </p> +<p style="top:648.4pt;left:56.2pt">kidnappings in the world (RAND, <i>Colombian Labyrinth,</i> p32). The </p> +<p style="top:662.1pt;left:56.2pt">FARC held hundreds of hostages at a time—a large-scale ransoming </p> +<p style="top:675.9pt;left:56.2pt">enterprise for them and a tragedy for the country that developed into </p> +<p style="top:689.6pt;left:56.2pt">a political issue and a cause for national hatred of the guerrillas. </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> depicts the enterprise through the kidnapping spe-</p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">cial activity that the FARC faction may add to its terror operations. </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">It also depicts the impact of FARC hostage-taking on politics and </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt">military affairs through a series of event cards.</p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:393.8pt">In the game, FARC can use underground Guerrillas to terrorize local </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:393.8pt">populations into opposing the Colombian government. If the terror-</p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:393.8pt">ized region has a drug cartels base or is a city or line of communica-</p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:393.8pt">tion—and if FARC guerrillas outnumber local police—FARC may </p> +<p style="top:185.9pt;left:393.8pt">kidnap as well to forcibly transfer a die roll’s worth of resources (or </p> +<p style="top:199.7pt;left:393.8pt">a drug shipment) in ransom from the Cartels or Government faction </p> +<p style="top:213.4pt;left:393.8pt">to FARC. As reaction to FARC kidnapping historically contributed </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:393.8pt">to growth of the right-wing “paramilitaries”, a particularly costly </p> +<p style="top:240.9pt;left:393.8pt">kidnapping (a die roll of “6”) mobilizes a local AUC guerrilla unit </p> +<p style="top:254.7pt;left:393.8pt">or base.</p> +<p style="top:278.2pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Defense Against Kidnapping</i></b></p> +<p style="top:296.9pt;left:393.8pt">To avoid a grievous drain of resources from the counterinsurgency, </p> +<p style="top:310.7pt;left:393.8pt">the Government will have to protect the populace from FARC kid-</p> +<p style="top:324.4pt;left:393.8pt">nappers with police patrols of the country’s roads and cities. The </p> +<p style="top:338.2pt;left:393.8pt">Cartels often can better afford the drain, but it may at some point </p> +<p style="top:351.9pt;left:393.8pt">have to turn on the FARC parasite, relocate to FARC-free areas, </p> +<p style="top:365.7pt;left:393.8pt">or just pay off the FARC player. The latter option illustrates how </p> +<p style="top:379.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> explores the multifaceted relations among the </p> +<p style="top:393.2pt;left:393.8pt">contenders for control of 1990s Colombia through varied avenues </p> +<p style="top:406.9pt;left:393.8pt">for player diplomacy.</p> +<p style="top:433.2pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>AUC History in the Game:</b></p> +<p style="top:450.2pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Right-Wing Army</i></b></p> +<p style="top:468.9pt;left:393.8pt">Colombia in the mid-1990s saw the leftist FARC insurgency build-</p> +<p style="top:482.7pt;left:393.8pt">ing its strength dramatically as it transitioned from small-unit terror </p> +<p style="top:496.4pt;left:393.8pt">tactics to military attacks on the Colombian Army. But the Govern-</p> +<p style="top:510.2pt;left:393.8pt">ment was not yet on a war footing and still tacitly conceded immense </p> +<p style="top:523.9pt;left:393.8pt">areas of countryside to the guerrillas. To protect themselves from </p> +<p style="top:537.7pt;left:393.8pt">FARC terror, landowners in several localities raised self-defense </p> +<p style="top:551.4pt;left:393.8pt">forces, autodefensas, that would use the FARC’s own tactics against </p> +<p style="top:565.2pt;left:393.8pt">it. By 1996, these local anti-FARC units formed a nationwide force </p> +<p style="top:578.9pt;left:393.8pt">under the Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (United Self-Defense </p> +<p style="top:592.7pt;left:393.8pt">Forces of Colombia or AUC) umbrella.</p> +<p style="top:615.4pt;left:393.8pt">Over the next decade, the AUC grew to an estimated 17,000 fighters, </p> +<p style="top:629.2pt;left:393.8pt">approaching the FARC’s strength. Journalist Mario Murillo describes </p> +<p style="top:642.9pt;left:393.8pt">this illegal armed power:</p> +<p style="top:665.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Along with the ongoing collaboration between elements of the army </i></p> +<p style="top:679.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>and the AUC, [as of 2004] there are approximately 1,000 active </i></p> +<p style="top:693.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>AUC members who have served in the Colombian military, includ-</i></p> +<p style="top:706.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>ing fifty-three retired military officers who have served as advisors </i></p> +<p style="top:720.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>to the AUC. They have up to fourteen state of the art helicopters, a </i></p> +<p style="top:734.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>dozen small planes, and countless speed-boats with mounted ma-</i></p> +<p style="top:748.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>chine guns to use in their war against the guerrillas. Indeed, they </i></p> +<p style="top:761.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>are a full-fledged army, operating almost with complete impunity </i></p> +<p style="top:775.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>throughout the country. </i></p> +<p style="top:795.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i> —Colombia and the United States: War, Unrest, and Destabiliza-</i></p> +<p style="top:808.8pt;left:405.0pt"><i>tion,</i> 2004</p> +<p style="top:913.5pt;left:510.9pt"><i>Logo of the AUC</i></p> +<p style="top:918.8pt;left:56.6pt"><i>FARC guerrillas</i></p> +</div> + +<div id="page31" style="background-image:url('playbook31.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>31</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Potent Anti-FARC Faction</i></b></p> +<p style="top:85.6pt;left:56.2pt">In <i>ANDEAN ABYSS,</i> the AUC faction can build an army rivaling the </p> +<p style="top:99.4pt;left:56.2pt">FARC’s in the number of guerrilla pieces—and an army as military </p> +<p style="top:113.1pt;left:56.2pt">effective and typically not under the pressure that Government </p> +<p style="top:126.9pt;left:56.2pt">forces place on the FARC. Both FARC and AUC guerrillas can use </p> +<p style="top:140.6pt;left:56.2pt">an ambush special activity that guarantees a successful attack and </p> +<p style="top:154.4pt;left:56.2pt">the capture of materiel and recruits to form a new underground unit. </p> +<p style="top:168.1pt;left:56.2pt">And a variety of event cards depict additional AUC capacities, both </p> +<p style="top:181.9pt;left:56.2pt">military and terrorist. </p> +<p style="top:205.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>AUC Aces in the Hole: Death Squads and Assassination</i></b></p> +<p style="top:224.1pt;left:56.2pt">More than on military attacks, the AUC relied on terror and mas-</p> +<p style="top:237.9pt;left:56.2pt">sacres as its principal means of taking control of FARC-dominated </p> +<p style="top:251.6pt;left:56.2pt">areas. They mimicked FARC terror, but on a more brutal level, </p> +<p style="top:265.4pt;left:56.2pt">including mass-murders of suspected FARC sympathizers and other </p> +<p style="top:279.1pt;left:56.2pt">undesirables—so-called “limpiezas” that resembled the “ethnic </p> +<p style="top:292.9pt;left:56.2pt">cleansing” that the same period featured in the Balkans. In the game, </p> +<p style="top:306.6pt;left:56.2pt">the AUC can accompany its terror operations with assassination </p> +<p style="top:320.4pt;left:56.2pt">special activities. Provided the AUC can position underground </p> +<p style="top:334.1pt;left:56.2pt">guerrillas in a target area, AUC terror can eliminate an enemy base </p> +<p style="top:347.9pt;left:56.2pt">even when protected by enemy guerrillas. Because the AUC wins by </p> +<p style="top:361.6pt;left:56.2pt">reducing FARC bases to fewer in number than its own, assassination </p> +<p style="top:375.4pt;left:56.2pt">of FARC base pieces is a key AUC tactic.</p> +<p style="top:398.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Double-Edged Sword for the Government</i></b></p> +<p style="top:417.6pt;left:56.2pt">The AUC as blood enemy to the FARC would seem an unalloyed </p> +<p style="top:431.4pt;left:56.2pt">friend to the Government, able to strike the enemy in ways that legal </p> +<p style="top:445.1pt;left:56.2pt">Government forces cannot. But the AUC nevertheless remains an </p> +<p style="top:458.9pt;left:56.2pt">insurgency—an illegal armed group that challenges Government </p> +<p style="top:472.6pt;left:56.2pt">law and order and must in the end be suppressed. </p> +<p style="top:495.4pt;left:56.2pt">In the game, too many AUC forces in a region block Government </p> +<p style="top:509.1pt;left:56.2pt">control and thus the ability to build popular support—the Govern-</p> +<p style="top:522.9pt;left:56.2pt">ment’s victory condition. AUC terror wrecks not only FARC’s politi-</p> +<p style="top:536.6pt;left:56.2pt">cal base but support for the Government, as victimized populations </p> +<p style="top:550.4pt;left:56.2pt">resent the Government’s failure to protect them. And international </p> +<p style="top:564.1pt;left:56.2pt">suspicion of Colombian Army complicity in AUC atrocities costs </p> +<p style="top:577.9pt;left:56.2pt">the Government foreign aid resources. This interplay of capabilities </p> +<p style="top:591.6pt;left:56.2pt">and victory conditions poses the question every game: when will </p> +<p style="top:605.4pt;left:56.2pt">the Government turn on its brutal AUC helpmate—as it ultimately </p> +<p style="top:619.1pt;left:56.2pt">did historically—to trim its control of the countryside?</p> +<p style="top:645.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Cartels History in the Game: </b></p> +<p style="top:662.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Chess Player of Cali</i></b></p> +<p style="top:681.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>[Cali cartel co-founder Gilberto Rodríguez] became known as the </i></p> +<p style="top:694.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>“Chess Player” for his ruthless and calculating approach to the drug </i></p> +<p style="top:708.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>business. ... The Rodríguez brothers ... controlled Cali in the way </i></p> +<p style="top:722.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>that feudal barons once ruled medieval estates. ... Buy Colombia, </i></p> +<p style="top:736.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>rather than terrorize it, became their guiding philosophy. ... The </i></p> +<p style="top:749.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>cartel built dozens of high-rise offices and apartment buildings as </i></p> +<p style="top:763.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>a way of laundering their money. The Cali skyline changed, and </i></p> +<p style="top:777.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>thousands of jobs were created. Their money permeated the city’s </i></p> +<p style="top:791.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>economy, and the natives became addicted to laundered cash and </i></p> +<p style="top:804.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>conspicuous consumption. </i></p> +<p style="top:824.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i> </i>—Ron Chepesiuk,<i> Drug Lords—The Rise and Fall of the Cali </i></p> +<p style="top:838.0pt;left:67.5pt"><i>Cartel, </i>2003</p> +<p style="top:860.8pt;left:56.2pt">Along with Government security forces, FARC rebels, and AUC </p> +<p style="top:874.5pt;left:56.2pt">paramilitaries, <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> also depicts the Colombian drug </p> +<p style="top:888.2pt;left:56.2pt">cartels. While the illegal drug industry does not care much about </p> +<p style="top:902.0pt;left:56.2pt">legitimacy, it is an insurgency nevertheless. By definitions laid out </p> +<p style="top:915.8pt;left:56.2pt">by National War College scholar Bard O’Neill, the cartels are “com-</p> +<p style="top:198.3pt;left:393.8pt">mercialist insurgent” groups—contesting political power purely to </p> +<p style="top:212.0pt;left:393.8pt">aid their acquisition of material resources (<i>Insurgency & Terrorism: </i></p> +<p style="top:225.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>From Revolution to Apocalypse,</i> 2005). </p> +<p style="top:248.5pt;left:393.8pt">In the game, the Cartels faction wins not through popular support </p> +<p style="top:262.3pt;left:393.8pt">or opposition but by building its criminal organization (expanding </p> +<p style="top:276.0pt;left:393.8pt">its bases) and amassing resources. But its presence can get in the </p> +<p style="top:289.8pt;left:393.8pt">way of other factions’ objectives of territorial control and political </p> +<p style="top:303.5pt;left:393.8pt">support. The Cartels, for example, start the game within one rally </p> +<p style="top:317.3pt;left:393.8pt">action of controlling Cali, which begins politically neutral rather </p> +<p style="top:331.0pt;left:393.8pt">than supportive of the Government.</p> +<p style="top:353.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>As a result of the dismantling of the drug cartels, trafficking has </i></p> +<p style="top:367.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>experienced radical changes in structure. ... There are [now] be-</i></p> +<p style="top:381.3pt;left:393.8pt"><i>tween 250 and 300 trafficking organizations in Colombia. Their </i></p> +<p style="top:395.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>leaders are some of the former cartels’ second-rank members ... The </i></p> +<p style="top:408.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>new organizations are smaller, closed, and secret ... . [They] have </i></p> +<p style="top:422.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>developed strategies, methods and techniques aimed at making the </i></p> +<p style="top:436.3pt;left:393.8pt"><i>business more dynamic, sneaking away from law enforcement and </i></p> +<p style="top:450.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>blending in better in their respective regions.</i></p> +<p style="top:469.4pt;left:403.8pt">—Álvaro Camacho and Andrés López, “From Smugglers to </p> +<p style="top:483.1pt;left:403.8pt">Drug Lords to Traquetos—Changes in Illicit Colombian Drug </p> +<p style="top:496.9pt;left:403.8pt">Organizations,” in <i>Peace, Democracy, and Human Rights in </i></p> +<p style="top:510.6pt;left:403.8pt"><i>Colombia,</i> 2007</p> +<p style="top:534.1pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>War of Weeds</i></b></p> +<p style="top:552.9pt;left:393.8pt">The historical period of game—mid-1990s to mid-2000s—saw the </p> +<p style="top:566.6pt;left:393.8pt">sunset of Colombia’s flashy, politically active drug cartels, but not </p> +<p style="top:580.4pt;left:393.8pt">of the illicit drug industry that the game’s Cartels faction represents. </p> +<p style="top:594.1pt;left:393.8pt">And so, in <i>ANDEAN ABYSS,</i> the Cartels can reconstitute themselves, </p> +<p style="top:607.9pt;left:393.8pt">able to slip readily out of areas of danger and regrow elsewhere.</p> +<p style="top:630.6pt;left:393.8pt">Unlike other insurgents, the Cartels can recruit forces anywhere: </p> +<p style="top:644.4pt;left:393.8pt">battalions of hired guns—sicarios—await among the poor. But </p> +<p style="top:658.1pt;left:393.8pt">the Cartels’ guerrilla force pool is the smallest: it cannot organize </p> +<p style="top:884.4pt;left:394.1pt"><i>One way to get drugs to US market: a narco-submarine, designed </i></p> +<p style="top:898.1pt;left:394.1pt"><i>to evade detection while it carries its load of product on the pas-</i></p> +<p style="top:911.9pt;left:394.1pt"><i>sage northward.</i></p> +<p style="top:162.5pt;left:393.4pt"><i>Cali skyline</i></p> +<p style="top:160.9pt;left:644.4pt;font-size:7.5pt"><i>Photo by D.A. Rendón</i></p> +</div> + +<div id="page32" style="background-image:url('playbook32.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>32</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">campaigns on the scale of the more military FARC or AUC. And the </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels do not have the other insurgents’ potent battle tactics.</p> +<p style="top:103.4pt;left:56.2pt">The Cartels faction wins by accumulating resources (money) and </p> +<p style="top:117.2pt;left:56.2pt">bases (the coca and poppy fields, processing labs, and distribution </p> +<p style="top:130.9pt;left:56.2pt">infrastructure needed to continue making money). It will find it hard </p> +<p style="top:144.7pt;left:56.2pt">to protect its bases with its smaller number of guerrillas, and rural </p> +<p style="top:158.4pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels bases are vulnerable to aerial spraying (the Government’s </p> +<p style="top:172.2pt;left:56.2pt">eradication action). </p> +<p style="top:194.9pt;left:56.2pt">But the Cartels also can place new bases more easily than any other </p> +<p style="top:208.7pt;left:56.2pt">faction, quickly though special cultivation actions or with delay but </p> +<p style="top:222.4pt;left:56.2pt">cheaply though processing actions to ready drug shipments. Ship-</p> +<p style="top:236.2pt;left:56.2pt">ment markers represent major caches of processed cocaine or heroin </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:56.2pt">awaiting delivery to market outside Colombia—they are vulnerable </p> +<p style="top:263.7pt;left:56.2pt">to seizure by the other factions: any insurgent faction can liquidate </p> +<p style="top:277.4pt;left:56.2pt">them to accelerate operations. But if defended and held long enough </p> +<p style="top:291.2pt;left:56.2pt">to get to market (in the Propaganda Round), they yield resources </p> +<p style="top:304.9pt;left:56.2pt">or a free base.</p> +<p style="top:327.7pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels terror can hurt the Government or FARC politically, but the </p> +<p style="top:341.4pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels’ most potent weapon is corruption: they can bribe to expose, </p> +<p style="top:355.2pt;left:56.2pt">hide, or neutralize enemy forces—anywhere. Bribes are expensive, </p> +<p style="top:368.9pt;left:56.2pt">however, and so only become a true threat once the Cartels are well </p> +<p style="top:382.7pt;left:56.2pt">above their victory goal in resources. And so the other factions face </p> +<p style="top:396.4pt;left:56.2pt">a choice: dedicate precious time and resources early on to trim the </p> +<p style="top:410.2pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels weeds, or risk the Cartels growing so rich that they can block </p> +<p style="top:423.9pt;left:56.2pt">any offensive by bribing their way out.</p> +<p style="top:450.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Fantasy of the Right—or Left?</b></p> +<p style="top:466.4pt;left:56.2pt">English language studies of the Colombian conflict read so differ-</p> +<p style="top:480.2pt;left:56.2pt">ently from one another that they seem to be describing multiple </p> +<p style="top:493.9pt;left:56.2pt">countries. Is Colombia a thriving democracy, with a popular gov-</p> +<p style="top:507.7pt;left:56.2pt">ernment that has brought economic prosperity and relative peace </p> +<p style="top:521.4pt;left:56.2pt">to its people in the face of vicious terrorist and criminal threats? </p> +<p style="top:535.2pt;left:56.2pt">Or is Colombia a harsh dictatorship by an economic elite, dressed </p> +<p style="top:548.9pt;left:56.2pt">up as democracy but in fact using state-sponsored terror to keep its </p> +<p style="top:562.7pt;left:56.2pt">ever more impoverished masses under heel, and the FARC simply </p> +<p style="top:576.4pt;left:56.2pt">the people’s defense? You can find either thesis in North American </p> +<p style="top:590.2pt;left:56.2pt">scholarship.</p> +<p style="top:612.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> does not attempt to settle these questions. I took </p> +<p style="top:626.7pt;left:56.2pt">care to draw from writers (necessarily, for me, in English) who </p> +<p style="top:640.4pt;left:56.2pt">view Colombia’s conflict from a range of political perspectives (see </p> +<p style="top:654.2pt;left:56.2pt">Selected Sources). No one view seems able to tell the full story, and </p> +<p style="top:667.9pt;left:56.2pt">I hope that players of a variety of persuasions will find something </p> +<p style="top:681.7pt;left:56.2pt">relevant in the game’s design.</p> +<p style="top:704.4pt;left:56.2pt">The game does take some positions. For example, it does not fully </p> +<p style="top:718.2pt;left:56.2pt">buy the Left’s thesis of the AUC as an “extension” of the Govern-</p> +<p style="top:731.9pt;left:56.2pt">ment in that both defend elite interests against the rest of the people </p> +<p style="top:745.7pt;left:56.2pt">(see Murillo somewhat and Hristov especially). Yes, the Colombian </p> +<p style="top:759.4pt;left:56.2pt">Government and AUC shared a core interest in suppressing the </p> +<p style="top:773.2pt;left:56.2pt">FARC, and <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> accounts for this shared interest in the </p> +<p style="top:786.9pt;left:56.2pt">factions’ victory conditions. Indeed, Government and AUC players </p> +<p style="top:800.7pt;left:56.2pt">often will collaborate. </p> +<p style="top:823.4pt;left:56.2pt">But the Government under Uribe developed and executed a plan to </p> +<p style="top:837.2pt;left:56.2pt">extend its writ throughout the country—a true and, by the far-Left </p> +<p style="top:850.9pt;left:56.2pt">model, unnecessary departure—including against AUC. Casualties </p> +<p style="top:864.7pt;left:56.2pt">caused the AUC, extraditions of its leaders, and its imperfect but not </p> +<p style="top:878.4pt;left:56.2pt">false demobilization show a real parting of Government and AUC </p> +<p style="top:892.2pt;left:56.2pt">ways. And Colombia’s vigorous electoral politicking and, under </p> +<p style="top:905.9pt;left:56.2pt">Uribe, undeniable and widespread popular enthusiasm for President, </p> +<p style="top:919.7pt;left:56.2pt">government, and army seemed to gainsay the Leftist model of Co-</p> +<p style="top:187.0pt;left:393.8pt">lombia as an exploitative oligarchy defended from its people by force </p> +<p style="top:200.8pt;left:393.8pt">of terror. So <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> has the Government seeking popular </p> +<p style="top:214.5pt;left:393.8pt">support to win, rather than the exploitation of the country’s poor by </p> +<p style="top:228.3pt;left:393.8pt">the violence-backed rich, as the far Left might have it.</p> +<p style="top:251.0pt;left:393.8pt">As for the nature of the FARC, the game does not depict the group </p> +<p style="top:264.8pt;left:393.8pt">as mere “narco-terrorists” who have left people’s revolution behind </p> +<p style="top:278.5pt;left:393.8pt">and continue mainly for personal drug profit (as some on the Right </p> +<p style="top:292.3pt;left:393.8pt">argue). An insurgency may at once benefit from the drug trade and </p> +<p style="top:306.0pt;left:393.8pt">provide much needed services to rural under-privileged. <i>ANDEAN </i></p> +<p style="top:319.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>ABYSS</i> models the latter aspect with the FARC Agitation mechanic </p> +<p style="top:333.5pt;left:393.8pt">and the effects of events such as <i>Crop Substitution, Unión Sindical </i></p> +<p style="top:347.3pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Obrera,</i> and others. </p> +<p style="top:370.0pt;left:393.8pt">The persistence in hard times of the FARC’s leaders and fighters </p> +<p style="top:383.8pt;left:393.8pt">demonstrates ideological commitment—dedication to something </p> +<p style="top:397.5pt;left:393.8pt">larger than self. Purely commercialist insurgent leaders at some </p> +<p style="top:411.3pt;left:393.8pt">point wish to live the high life. In contrast, Reyes, Mono Jojoy, </p> +<p style="top:425.0pt;left:393.8pt">Cano, and the rest carried on in the face of the hardships of lethal </p> +<p style="top:438.8pt;left:393.8pt">Government pursuit—and despite opportunities for reconciliation. </p> +<p style="top:452.5pt;left:393.8pt">In the game, FARC victory depends directly on popular opposi-</p> +<p style="top:466.3pt;left:393.8pt">tion and the strength of the movement’s political and logistical </p> +<p style="top:480.0pt;left:393.8pt">base—the preconditions for an eventual revolution and overthrow </p> +<p style="top:493.8pt;left:393.8pt">of the existing order.</p> +<p style="top:516.5pt;left:393.8pt">Finally, <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> represents the US-sponsored “War on </p> +<p style="top:530.3pt;left:393.8pt">Drugs” as neither clear failure nor clear success. Eradication in the </p> +<p style="top:544.0pt;left:393.8pt">game may be a mixed bag politically, but, used judiciously, it is a </p> +<p style="top:557.8pt;left:393.8pt">necessary and potent means for the Government to keep the Cartels </p> +<p style="top:571.5pt;left:393.8pt">in check. Historically, aerial coca eradication has had its place in </p> +<p style="top:585.3pt;left:393.8pt">curbing supply, as have the successes of the kingpin strategy of the </p> +<p style="top:599.0pt;left:393.8pt">Colombian Police and US DEA. Economics being what they are, </p> +<p style="top:612.8pt;left:393.8pt">Colombian coca production continues. But the country has escaped </p> +<p style="top:626.5pt;left:393.8pt">the level of terror and political challenge of the big cartels that now </p> +<p style="top:640.3pt;left:393.8pt">traumatize Mexico and Central America so brutally. Colombians </p> +<p style="top:654.0pt;left:393.8pt">today can take pride in a low murder rate, growing economy, and </p> +<p style="top:667.8pt;left:393.8pt">better governance.</p> +<p style="top:694.0pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>Thanks and Dedication</b></p> +<p style="top:710.3pt;left:393.8pt">My special gratitude is due to several groups and individuals for their </p> +<p style="top:724.0pt;left:393.8pt">efforts on behalf of <i>ANDEAN ABYSS:</i> To Joel Toppen, who patiently </p> +<p style="top:737.8pt;left:393.8pt">heard me out as we drove through the desert, when all I had was </p> +<p style="top:751.5pt;left:393.8pt">first drafts of curious ops menus. To GMT Games and the testers </p> +<p style="top:765.3pt;left:393.8pt">and players across many countries who made this project happen. </p> +<p style="top:779.0pt;left:393.8pt">And to Dr. Thomas Marks of the National Defense University, for </p> +<p style="top:792.8pt;left:393.8pt">sharing with me his photos and his deep and personal knowledge </p> +<p style="top:806.5pt;left:393.8pt">of Colombian COIN.</p> +<p style="top:829.3pt;left:393.8pt">Finally, I dedicate the design of <i>ANDEAN ABYSS</i> to Juan Fran-</p> +<p style="top:843.0pt;left:393.8pt">cisco’s nation and people: They have faced their past—may they </p> +<p style="top:856.8pt;left:393.8pt">overcome it.</p> +<p style="top:879.5pt;left:393.8pt"> Volko F. Ruhnke</p> +<p style="top:907.0pt;left:393.8pt"> January, 2012<sup> Vienna, Virginia</sup></p> +</div> + +<div id="page33" style="background-image:url('playbook33.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>33</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt;letter-spacing:-1pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">EVENT TEXT AND BACKGROUND</span></b></p> +<p style="top:90.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>This section reproduces the<span style="color:#0000ff"> </span>full text of each event card, along with </i></p> +<p style="top:104.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>sourced historical and other background commentary.</i></p> +<p style="top:134.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>1. 1st Division <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:168.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Jointness:</i> 1 Civic Action space each Support Phase requires Govt </p> +<p style="top:182.5pt;left:56.2pt">Control and any cube.</p> +<p style="top:201.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Service parochialism:</i> Civic Action requires at least 2 Troops and </p> +<p style="top:215.6pt;left:56.2pt">2 Police.</p> +<p style="top:235.0pt;left:56.2pt">The Colombian Army’s 1st Division in late 2004 became a joint </p> +<p style="top:248.7pt;left:56.2pt">operational command, part of a process of integrating services to </p> +<p style="top:262.5pt;left:56.2pt">replace exclusively army divisional areas. (Marks p137)</p> +<p style="top:292.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>2. Ospina & Mora <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:307.3pt;left:56.2pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:326.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>COIN experts take charge:</i> Sweep costs 1 Resource per space.</p> +<p style="top:346.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>COIN strategy eludes Army:</i> Sweep Operations may target only 1 </p> +<p style="top:359.8pt;left:56.2pt">space per card.</p> +<p style="top:379.1pt;left:56.2pt">Senior army commanders Carlos Ospina Ovalle and Jorge Mora </p> +<p style="top:392.9pt;left:56.2pt">Rangel collaborated intimately—Ospina fathering a sound coun-</p> +<p style="top:406.6pt;left:56.2pt">terinsurgent strategy from his study of captured FARC documents </p> +<p style="top:420.4pt;left:56.2pt">and Mora ensuring its practical implementation. (Conversation with </p> +<p style="top:434.1pt;left:56.2pt">Tom Marks, 30Apr2011; Ospina pp57,58,60)</p> +<p style="top:603.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>General Mora Photo by Tom Marks</i></p> +<p style="top:633.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>3. Tapias <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:648.5pt;left:56.2pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:667.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>CO tightens civil-military bonds:</i> Assault costs 1 Resource per </p> +<p style="top:681.6pt;left:56.2pt">space.</p> +<p style="top:701.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Civil-military rivalries fester: </i>Assault Operations may target only </p> +<p style="top:714.8pt;left:56.2pt">1 space per card.</p> +<p style="top:734.1pt;left:56.2pt">Military Forces Commander Fernando Tapias Stahelin drew the </p> +<p style="top:747.9pt;left:56.2pt">political backing to forge a whole-of-government COIN effort. </p> +<p style="top:761.6pt;left:56.2pt">(Conversation with Tom Marks, 30Apr2011; Marks, p139; Ospina </p> +<p style="top:775.4pt;left:56.2pt">p60)</p> +<p style="top:804.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>4. Caño Limón—Coveñas <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:820.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Profitable pipeline: </i>Add twice the Econ of 3 unSabotaged pipelines </p> +<p style="top:833.9pt;left:56.2pt">to Government Resources.</p> +<p style="top:853.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Pipeline draws attacks:</i> Sabotage the 3 pipelines with highest value </p> +<p style="top:867.0pt;left:56.2pt">and no cubes. </p> +<p style="top:886.4pt;left:56.2pt">A particularly lucrative energy export pipeline from Arauca to the </p> +<p style="top:900.1pt;left:56.2pt">sea attracted both rebel attacks and US training assistance. (Brittain </p> +<p style="top:913.9pt;left:56.2pt">p23; Ricks-Lightner pp25,58,80; Hristov p34)</p> +<p style="top:66.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>5. Occidental & Ecopetrol <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Oil company security:</i> Place 6 Police onto pipelines. 3 Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:96.8pt;left:393.8pt">there or adjacent flip to Active.</p> +<p style="top:116.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Industry thought exploitative:</i> Shift a space adjacent to a 3-Econ </p> +<p style="top:129.9pt;left:393.8pt">LoC by 2 levels toward Active Opposition.</p> +<p style="top:149.2pt;left:393.8pt">Joint ventures between US and Colombian oil companies provided </p> +<p style="top:163.0pt;left:393.8pt">enough government revenue to justify major security measures. </p> +<p style="top:176.8pt;left:393.8pt">(Brittain p228; Ricks-Lightner p80) A $93-million batch of US </p> +<p style="top:190.5pt;left:393.8pt">counterterrorism aid in 2003, for example, focused on protection </p> +<p style="top:204.2pt;left:393.8pt">of Colombian assets of California-based Occidental Petroleum. </p> +<p style="top:218.0pt;left:393.8pt">(Hristov p34) Critics saw government concessions to multinational </p> +<p style="top:231.8pt;left:393.8pt">oil giants as overly generous and tied poverty and human rights </p> +<p style="top:245.5pt;left:393.8pt">violations to US support for oil industry in the country. (Murillo </p> +<p style="top:259.2pt;left:393.8pt">pp87-88; Hristov pp17-18,34-35)</p> +<p style="top:285.5pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>6. Oil Spill <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:301.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Rebels blamed:</i> Shift 2 Opposition or Neutral Departments adjacent </p> +<p style="top:315.5pt;left:393.8pt">to Sabotage to Passive Support.</p> +<p style="top:334.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Multinationals make mess:</i> Sabotage a pipeline. Shift an adjacent </p> +<p style="top:348.6pt;left:393.8pt">Department by 1 level toward Active Opposition.</p> +<p style="top:368.0pt;left:393.8pt">Spilled oil from attacks created substantial environmental damage, </p> +<p style="top:381.8pt;left:393.8pt">generating local hostility against whichever combatant side got the </p> +<p style="top:395.5pt;left:393.8pt">blame. (Ricks-Lightner p80)</p> +<p style="top:425.0pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>7. 7th Special Forces <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:440.2pt;left:393.8pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:459.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Infrastructure protection training:</i> Each Control phase, Govt may </p> +<p style="top:473.4pt;left:393.8pt">remove 1-3 Terror or Sabotage.</p> +<p style="top:492.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>US training ineffective:</i> Control phase—Sabotage LoCs with any </p> +<p style="top:506.5pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrillas equal to cubes.</p> +<p style="top:525.9pt;left:393.8pt">The US Bush Administration deployed some 600 personnel of the 7th </p> +<p style="top:539.6pt;left:393.8pt">Special Forces Group (Airborne), most to train a new “infrastructure </p> +<p style="top:553.4pt;left:393.8pt">protection brigade” in embattled Arauca Department. (Marks p131; </p> +<p style="top:567.1pt;left:393.8pt">Ricks-Lightner p25)</p> +<p style="top:596.6pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>8. Fuerza Aérea Colombiana <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:611.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>COIN strike aircraft:</i> Govt executes 3 free Air Strikes.</p> +<p style="top:631.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Budget diverted to expensive jets:</i> Government Resources –9.</p> +<p style="top:650.6pt;left:393.8pt">After FARC successes in the late 1990s in overrunning remote </p> +<p style="top:664.4pt;left:393.8pt">government centers, the Colombian military equipped its air force </p> +<p style="top:678.1pt;left:393.8pt">with night-vision gear and learned to integrate air power in support </p> +<p style="top:691.9pt;left:393.8pt">of ground operations. (RAND pp101-102) Less relevant to COIN, </p> +<p style="top:705.6pt;left:393.8pt">Colombia also maintained a force of high-speed Kfir and Mirage </p> +<p style="top:719.4pt;left:393.8pt">V jets. (RAND p42)</p> +<p style="top:748.9pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>9. High Mountain Battalions <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:764.1pt;left:393.8pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:783.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Elites guard high-altitude corridors:</i> Assault treats Mountain as </p> +<p style="top:797.2pt;left:393.8pt">City.</p> +<p style="top:816.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Equipment not delivered: </i>Assault in Mountain removes only 1 piece </p> +<p style="top:830.4pt;left:393.8pt">for 4 Troops.</p> +<p style="top:849.8pt;left:393.8pt">The Army in the Pastrana years equipped and situated special bat-</p> +<p style="top:863.5pt;left:393.8pt">talions to block insurgent mobility corridors through hitherto inac-</p> +<p style="top:877.2pt;left:393.8pt">cessible heights. (Marks p135)</p> +</div> + +<div id="page34" style="background-image:url('playbook34.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>34</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>10. Blackhawks <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:56.2pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:102.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>US helos delivered:</i> Air Lift moves any number of Troops.</p> +<p style="top:121.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Delivery of US helos delayed:</i> Air Lift moves only 1 Troops cube.</p> +<p style="top:141.1pt;left:56.2pt">The military as of 2000 had only 17 operational heavy-lift helicop-</p> +<p style="top:154.9pt;left:56.2pt">ters. The US was to add 30 UH-60 Blackhawk and 33 UH-1H Huey </p> +<p style="top:168.6pt;left:56.2pt">transports, but they had yet to be delivered. (RAND pp63,65,68-</p> +<p style="top:182.4pt;left:56.2pt">69,104)</p> +<p style="top:211.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>11. National Defense & Security Council <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:227.1pt;left:56.2pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:246.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Military-police jointness:</i> 1 Police may enter each Sweep space.</p> +<p style="top:265.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Military-police rivalry: </i>A Sweep Operation Activates Guerrillas via </p> +<p style="top:279.6pt;left:56.2pt">Troops or Police, not both.</p> +<p style="top:299.0pt;left:56.2pt">Uribe’s “Democratic Security and Defense Policy” integrated </p> +<p style="top:312.8pt;left:56.2pt">COIN planning, adding a National Defense and Security Council </p> +<p style="top:326.5pt;left:56.2pt">to ensure coordinated and unified action by all state bodies. (Marks </p> +<p style="top:340.2pt;left:56.2pt">pp132-133)</p> +<p style="top:369.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>12. Plan Colombia <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:385.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>US “War on Drugs”: </i>Add lesser of Aid or +20 to Govt Resources. </p> +<p style="top:398.8pt;left:56.2pt">Then Aid +10.</p> +<p style="top:418.1pt;left:56.2pt">INSURGENT MOMENTUM</p> +<p style="top:431.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>US aid focuses on drug war:</i> No Air Strike or Activation by Patrol </p> +<p style="top:445.6pt;left:56.2pt">until next Propaganda.</p> +<p style="top:465.0pt;left:56.2pt">The Pastrana Government’s response to Colombia’s insurgency, </p> +<p style="top:478.8pt;left:56.2pt">Plan Colombia, included seeking $3.5-billion in foreign aid. The </p> +<p style="top:492.5pt;left:56.2pt">US earmarked 3/4ths of its part of that aid to counternarcotics. </p> +<p style="top:506.2pt;left:56.2pt">(RAND pp61-62)</p> +<p style="top:535.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>13. Plan Meteoro <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:551.0pt;left:56.2pt">GOVT CAPABILITIES</p> +<p style="top:570.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Transport protection units:</i> Patrol conducts a free Assault in each </p> +<p style="top:584.1pt;left:56.2pt">LoC.</p> +<p style="top:603.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Transport security deemphasized:</i> Patrols do not conduct a free </p> +<p style="top:617.2pt;left:56.2pt">Assault.</p> +<p style="top:636.6pt;left:56.2pt">The Uribe Administration funded special transportation network </p> +<p style="top:650.4pt;left:56.2pt">protection units under “Plan Meteor”. (Marks p135)</p> +<p style="top:679.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>14. Tres Esquinas <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:695.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Forward base:</i> Government places 1 Base and 3 Troops into any </p> +<p style="top:708.9pt;left:56.2pt">Department.</p> +<p style="top:728.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Base overrun:</i> Remove 1 Government Base and 1 cube from a </p> +<p style="top:742.0pt;left:56.2pt">Department.</p> +<p style="top:761.4pt;left:56.2pt">During the late-1990s heyday of the FARC’s large-unit “mobile </p> +<p style="top:775.1pt;left:56.2pt">warfare”, it succeeded in overrunning a series of isolated army po-</p> +<p style="top:788.9pt;left:56.2pt">sitions and briefly holding the capital of Vaupés. (Ospina pp59-60; </p> +<p style="top:802.6pt;left:56.2pt">Marks p127; RAND pp42-43) Tres Esquinas was a key army base </p> +<p style="top:816.4pt;left:56.2pt">at the heart of later Government sweeps into the FARC strongholds </p> +<p style="top:830.1pt;left:56.2pt">of the southeast. (www.GlobalSecurity.org; Brittain pp226-227) </p> +<p style="top:843.9pt;left:56.2pt">As of 2002, it hosted a Joint Intelligence Center and some 100 US </p> +<p style="top:857.6pt;left:56.2pt">military advisors. (Hristov p35)</p> +<p style="top:67.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>15. War Tax <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Defense budget shot in the arm:</i> Roll a die and add 4 times the result </p> +<p style="top:96.8pt;left:393.8pt">to Government Resources. </p> +<p style="top:116.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Middle class resents cost of war: </i>Shift a City from Neutral or Pas-</p> +<p style="top:129.9pt;left:393.8pt">sive Support to Passive Opposition.</p> +<p style="top:149.2pt;left:393.8pt">Uribe shifted and increased the tax burden in order to help fund the </p> +<p style="top:163.0pt;left:393.8pt">military effort against the guerrillas. (Brittain p228-229)</p> +<p style="top:192.5pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>16. Coffee Prices <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:207.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>They’re up:</i> Each Mountain, +5 Resources to Faction with most </p> +<p style="top:221.5pt;left:393.8pt">pieces, tied spaces to Govt.</p> +<p style="top:240.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>They’re down:</i> Government Resources –10.</p> +<p style="top:260.2pt;left:393.8pt">Export income from coffee—a traditional source of economic </p> +<p style="top:274.0pt;left:393.8pt">security to the Colombian highlands—fluctuated wildly from the </p> +<p style="top:287.8pt;left:393.8pt">1990s on, mostly downward. (Brittain pp84-88; Hristov p191; </p> +<p style="top:301.5pt;left:393.8pt">RAND p5) The late 1990s saw increased guerrilla presence in </p> +<p style="top:315.2pt;left:393.8pt">the country’s agricultural backbone, the central coffee-growing </p> +<p style="top:329.0pt;left:393.8pt">departments, apparently as part of FARC, ELN, and AUC strategy. </p> +<p style="top:342.8pt;left:393.8pt">(RAND pp46-47)</p> +<p style="top:372.2pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>17. Madrid Donors <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:387.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Aid conference generous:</i> Add lesser of Aid or +20 to Govt Re-</p> +<p style="top:401.2pt;left:393.8pt">sources. Then Aid +6.</p> +<p style="top:420.6pt;left:393.8pt">INSURGENT MOMENTUM</p> +<p style="top:434.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>EU aid focuses on reconstruction:</i> No Sweep or Assault in Depts </p> +<p style="top:448.1pt;left:393.8pt">until next Propaganda.</p> +<p style="top:467.5pt;left:393.8pt">European and Japanese donors to Colombia channeled aid to non-</p> +<p style="top:481.2pt;left:393.8pt">military programs. A July 2000 donors’ conference in Madrid, for </p> +<p style="top:495.0pt;left:393.8pt">example, pledged $619-million, mostly for social development </p> +<p style="top:508.8pt;left:393.8pt">projects. (RAND pp62,64)</p> +<p style="top:538.2pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>18. NSPD-18 <span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:553.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>US “War on Terror” takes on FARC: </i>Add lesser of Aid or +20 to </p> +<p style="top:567.2pt;left:393.8pt">Govt Resources. Then Aid +20.</p> +<p style="top:586.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>US focused on Mid-East and South Asia:</i> Government Resources </p> +<p style="top:600.4pt;left:393.8pt">–6. Subtract a die roll from Aid.</p> +<p style="top:619.8pt;left:393.8pt">In a departure from the more restrictive “war on drugs”, the US Bush </p> +<p style="top:633.5pt;left:393.8pt">Administration’s 2002 National Security Presidential Directive 18, </p> +<p style="top:647.2pt;left:393.8pt">“Supporting Democracy in Colombia”, called on the State Depart-</p> +<p style="top:661.0pt;left:393.8pt">ment to implement a new US political-military plan in direct support </p> +<p style="top:674.8pt;left:393.8pt">of Colombian national security strategy. The Bush Administration </p> +<p style="top:688.5pt;left:393.8pt">had linked the counternarcotics fight to the “war on terror” and </p> +<p style="top:702.2pt;left:393.8pt">would pursue not only cartels but the FARC and the AUC directly. </p> +<p style="top:716.0pt;left:393.8pt">(Marks p131; Chepesiuk p281) </p> +<p style="top:745.5pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>19. General Offensive <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:760.8pt;left:393.8pt">In each space possible, choose and execute either free Sweep without </p> +<p style="top:774.5pt;left:393.8pt">movement or Assault (if Government), or free Attack or Terror (if </p> +<p style="top:788.2pt;left:393.8pt">Insurgent).</p> +<p style="top:807.6pt;left:393.8pt">The conflict during the late 1990s and early 2000s saw a number of </p> +<p style="top:821.4pt;left:393.8pt">FARC offensives, including the use of homemade armored vehicles. </p> +<p style="top:835.1pt;left:393.8pt">The Government’s 2003-2004 Plan Patriota included a major military </p> +<p style="top:848.9pt;left:393.8pt">offensive around the capital and into FARC-held territory in the </p> +<p style="top:862.6pt;left:393.8pt">southeast. (Ospina pp59-60; CRS p10; Hristov p36) </p> +</div> + +<div id="page35" style="background-image:url('playbook35.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>35</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>20. Mono Jojoy <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C </span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>KIA puts FARC in disarray:</i> Govt player repositions up to 6 FARC </p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas into adjacent spaces.</p> +<p style="top:116.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Military strategist: </i>FARC free Marches any of its Guerrillas then </p> +<p style="top:130.0pt;left:56.2pt">flips up to 3 of its Guerrillas Underground.</p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">A Colombian military and police operation in Meta Department in </p> +<p style="top:163.1pt;left:56.2pt">September 2010 killed the FARC’s operational second-in-command, </p> +<p style="top:176.9pt;left:56.2pt">Victor Julio Suárez Rojas, alias Jorge Briceño Suárez or “Mono </p> +<p style="top:190.6pt;left:56.2pt">Jojoy”, adding to a period of strong pressure on guerrilla remnants. </p> +<p style="top:204.4pt;left:56.2pt">(CRS pp1,13) </p> +<p style="top:233.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>21. Raúl Reyes <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C </span></b></p> +<p style="top:249.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>FARC Deputy killed:</i> FARC Resources –6. Remove 1 FARC Base.</p> +<p style="top:268.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>FARC Deputy channels foreign support:</i> FARC Resources +6. Place </p> +<p style="top:282.3pt;left:56.2pt">a FARC Base in a City or Department.</p> +<p style="top:305.0pt;left:56.2pt">A 2008 Colombian military raid into Ecuador killed then second-</p> +<p style="top:318.8pt;left:56.2pt">highest FARC commander Luís Édgar Devia Silva (“Raúl Reyes”) </p> +<p style="top:332.5pt;left:56.2pt">and recovered evidence of planned Venezuelan and possibly Ecua-</p> +<p style="top:346.3pt;left:56.2pt">doran support to the FARC. (CRS p10; Marks pp140-141n) </p> +<p style="top:375.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>22. Alfonso Cano <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:391.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>FARC leader killed in military strike:</i> Shift an Opposition space to </p> +<p style="top:404.8pt;left:56.2pt">Neutral.</p> +<p style="top:424.1pt;left:56.2pt">INSURGENT MOMENTUM</p> +<p style="top:437.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Ideologue:</i> May Agitate also in up to 3 spaces with FARC piece </p> +<p style="top:451.6pt;left:56.2pt">and no Govt Control.</p> +<p style="top:471.0pt;left:56.2pt">Communist Bogotá University student Guillermo León Sáenz Vargas </p> +<p style="top:484.8pt;left:56.2pt">joined the FARC in the 1980s and eventually became its master </p> +<p style="top:498.5pt;left:56.2pt">revolutionary ideologue, “Alfonso Cano”. (Bruce-Hayes-Botero </p> +<p style="top:512.3pt;left:56.2pt">pp138-139) A 2011 military strike in Cauca Department killed him. </p> +<p style="top:526.0pt;left:56.2pt">(www.ColombiaReports.com)</p> +<p style="top:555.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>23. DoD Contractors <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:570.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>US provides aircrew:</i> In a Dept, Activate all Guerrillas and remove </p> +<p style="top:584.5pt;left:56.2pt">all Cartels Bases.</p> +<p style="top:603.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Plane down—hostage search and evasion:</i> Govt removes 3 Troops. </p> +<p style="top:617.6pt;left:56.2pt">Mark Govt and FARC Ineligible through next card.</p> +<p style="top:637.0pt;left:56.2pt">US contractors provided pilots for crop spraying over FARC-held ter-</p> +<p style="top:650.8pt;left:56.2pt">ritory and for reconnaissance flights to pinpoint guerrillas. Patrolling </p> +<p style="top:664.5pt;left:56.2pt">FARC guerrillas in 2003 shot down one such flight along the western </p> +<p style="top:678.3pt;left:56.2pt">slopes of Caquetá and took three US personnel hostage, setting off a </p> +<p style="top:692.0pt;left:56.2pt">Colombian Army manhunt. (Bruce-Hayes-Botero pp3-19,107)</p> +<p style="top:721.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>24. Operación Jaque <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:736.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Dramatic hostage rescue:</i> 1 City to Active Support. Mark FARC </p> +<p style="top:750.5pt;left:56.2pt">Ineligible through next card. </p> +<p style="top:769.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Hostage rescue goes awry:</i> Remove 2 Troops from a space with </p> +<p style="top:783.6pt;left:56.2pt">FARC pieces. Shift a City with Support to Neutral.</p> +<p style="top:803.0pt;left:56.2pt">In a show of operational prowess, Colombian forces in 2008 tricked </p> +<p style="top:816.8pt;left:56.2pt">FARC captors into delivering celebrity hostage Ingrid Betancourt </p> +<p style="top:830.5pt;left:56.2pt">and 3 US DoD contractors held since 2003. (Bruce-Hayes-Botero </p> +<p style="top:844.3pt;left:56.2pt">pp238-256)</p> +<p style="top:67.9pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>25. Ejército de Liberación Nacional <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.1pt;left:393.7pt"><i>ELN and FARC jockey:</i> Remove all FARC pieces from 1 Moun-</p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:393.7pt">tain.</p> +<p style="top:116.3pt;left:393.7pt"><i>ELN and FARC coordinate ops:</i> Place any 3 FARC pieces into </p> +<p style="top:130.0pt;left:393.7pt">Antioquia or an adjacent Department.</p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:393.7pt">Colombia’s second-largest revolutionary army, the Castroite ELN, </p> +<p style="top:163.1pt;left:393.7pt">concentrated in the northern mountains, where it sought a Sierra </p> +<p style="top:176.9pt;left:393.7pt">Maestra-style stronghold. While the ELN and the FARC shared the </p> +<p style="top:190.6pt;left:393.7pt">same enemies and often coordinated operations, the two Marxist </p> +<p style="top:204.4pt;left:393.7pt">groups occasionally clashed over territory or resources. (RAND </p> +<p style="top:218.1pt;left:393.7pt">pp30-31,44; CRS pp13-14)</p> +<p style="top:247.6pt;left:393.7pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>26. Gramaje <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:262.9pt;left:393.7pt"><i>FARC protection rejected:</i> All Cartels Guerrillas in spaces with </p> +<p style="top:276.6pt;left:393.7pt">FARC free Attack FARC.</p> +<p style="top:296.0pt;left:393.7pt"><i>Schedule of fees: </i>Cartels transfers 3 Resources to FARC for each </p> +<p style="top:309.8pt;left:393.7pt">space with Cartels Base and FARC Guerrilla.</p> +<p style="top:329.1pt;left:393.7pt">The FARC had a precise schedule of fees, gramaje, that it charged </p> +<p style="top:342.9pt;left:393.7pt">to drug producers and smugglers for protection and other services. </p> +<p style="top:356.6pt;left:393.7pt">Though imposed by the guerrillas, these taxes served as a US argu-</p> +<p style="top:370.4pt;left:393.7pt">ment that the FARC and the drug lords were in cahoots. (RAND </p> +<p style="top:384.1pt;left:393.7pt">p32; Camacho-López p80)</p> +<p style="top:411.1pt;left:393.7pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>27. Misil Antiaéreo <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:426.4pt;left:393.7pt"><i>FARC MANPADs deemed a myth: </i>Government executes 3 free </p> +<p style="top:440.1pt;left:393.7pt">Special Activities.</p> +<p style="top:459.5pt;left:393.7pt">INSURGENT MOMENTUM</p> +<p style="top:473.3pt;left:393.7pt"><i>MANPADs feared: </i>Until next Propaganda, no Govt Special Activi-</p> +<p style="top:487.0pt;left:393.7pt">ties where Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:506.4pt;left:393.7pt">Given the importance of air power to Colombian COIN, fears grew </p> +<p style="top:520.1pt;left:393.7pt">that guerrilla use of surface-to-air missiles could change the strategic </p> +<p style="top:533.9pt;left:393.7pt">balance. (RAND pp35,102)</p> +<p style="top:563.4pt;left:393.7pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>28. Hugo Chávez <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:578.6pt;left:393.7pt"><i>Caracas controls border:</i> Remove up to 3 Insurgent pieces from a </p> +<p style="top:592.4pt;left:393.7pt">space next to Venezuela.</p> +<p style="top:611.8pt;left:393.7pt"><i>Caracas aids rebels: </i>Place a FARC Base in a Dept next to Venezuela. </p> +<p style="top:625.5pt;left:393.7pt">Sabotage each empty LoC touching Cúcuta. </p> +<p style="top:644.9pt;left:393.7pt">FARC information taken in the 2008 raid on Raúl Reyes suggested </p> +<p style="top:658.6pt;left:393.7pt">that Venezuela was providing support to the insurgent group, includ-</p> +<p style="top:672.4pt;left:393.7pt">ing plans by the Hugo Chávez regime to grant millions of dollars for </p> +<p style="top:686.1pt;left:393.7pt">weapons purchases. Chávez later that year called on the FARC to </p> +<p style="top:699.9pt;left:393.7pt">cease military operations, signaling a change in at least Venezuela’s </p> +<p style="top:713.6pt;left:393.7pt">public stance. (CRS p10)</p> +<p style="top:743.1pt;left:393.7pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>29. Kill Zone <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:758.4pt;left:393.7pt"><i>Army sniffs out FARC trap:</i> Govt in 1 space Activates all FARC and </p> +<p style="top:772.1pt;left:393.7pt">executes free Assault.</p> +<p style="top:791.5pt;left:393.7pt"><i>Tactics lure enemy in:</i> FARC or AUC in a space executes 2 free </p> +<p style="top:805.3pt;left:393.7pt">Ambushes with any of its Guerrillas without Activating.</p> +<p style="top:824.6pt;left:393.7pt">The FARC between 1996 and 2000 developed a tactic to lure Army </p> +<p style="top:838.4pt;left:393.7pt">reaction forces into a prepared kill zone surrounded by intercon-</p> +<p style="top:852.1pt;left:393.7pt">nected rifle pits and bunkers. In one such kill-zone action in late </p> +<p style="top:865.9pt;left:393.7pt">2000 along a key route from Antioquia to Chocó, guerrillas inflicted </p> +<p style="top:879.6pt;left:393.7pt">heavy casualties on special forces of the Colombian 4th Brigade. </p> +<p style="top:893.4pt;left:393.7pt">Often, however, the army could detect the kill zone before falling </p> +<p style="top:907.1pt;left:393.7pt">into the trap. (RAND pp44-45,45n)</p> +</div> + +<div id="page36" style="background-image:url('playbook36.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>36</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>30. Peace Commission <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>FARC accused in Commissioner’s killing:</i> Remove 1 FARC Zone.</p> +<p style="top:102.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Peace bid: </i>Government places 1 FARC Zone. (See 6.4.3) </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:56.2pt">The FARC’s ambush and execution in late 2000 of the head of the </p> +<p style="top:135.6pt;left:56.2pt">Colombian congressional peace commission, Diego Torbay, dealt </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">Pastrana’s peace policy a new blow. (RAND pp73-74)</p> +<p style="top:178.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>31. Betancourt <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:194.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Sympathy for famous hostage:</i> Shift 2 Cities and 1 Dept 1 level each </p> +<p style="top:207.9pt;left:56.2pt">toward Active Support.</p> +<p style="top:227.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Hostage negotiations forum for FARC:</i> Shift 3 spaces from Passive </p> +<p style="top:241.0pt;left:56.2pt">Opposition to Active Opposition</p> +<p style="top:260.4pt;left:56.2pt">Spitfire senator and presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt—</p> +<p style="top:274.1pt;left:56.2pt">known among other things for her outreach to the FARC—fell </p> +<p style="top:287.9pt;left:56.2pt">hostage in 2002 as she toured the recently remilitarized FARC </p> +<p style="top:301.6pt;left:56.2pt">zone. She became an international symbol of Colombia’s hostage </p> +<p style="top:315.4pt;left:56.2pt">tragedy—and of the FARC’s role in it. (Bruce-Hayes-Botero pp94-</p> +<p style="top:329.1pt;left:56.2pt">102,145,168-171,242)</p> +<p style="top:358.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>32. Secuestrados <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:373.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Fed up with hostage-taking:</i> Shift 2 spaces from Neutral or Passive </p> +<p style="top:387.6pt;left:56.2pt">Opposition to Passive Support.</p> +<p style="top:407.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Ransoming highly profitable: </i>FARC Resources +12.</p> +<p style="top:426.4pt;left:56.2pt">Colombian media constantly reminded the populace that kidnap-</p> +<p style="top:440.1pt;left:56.2pt">pings were garnering 100s of millions of dollars for the FARC and </p> +<p style="top:453.9pt;left:56.2pt">other groups. Public outcry grew under Pastrana as negotiations </p> +<p style="top:467.6pt;left:56.2pt">with FARC failed to end the scourge, and regular radio messages </p> +<p style="top:481.4pt;left:56.2pt">from loved ones to hostages further broadcast the trauma. (Bruce-</p> +<p style="top:495.1pt;left:56.2pt">Hayes-Botero pp95-96,141-143,173)</p> +<p style="top:524.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>33. Sucumbíos <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:539.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Ecuadoran buffer zone:</i> Remove up to 3 Insurgent pieces from a </p> +<p style="top:553.6pt;left:56.2pt">space bordering Ecuador.</p> +<p style="top:573.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Cross-border war:</i> Place 2 pieces in Ecuador. It is a 0 Pop Dept. No </p> +<p style="top:586.8pt;left:56.2pt">more than 2 pieces per Faction may stack there.</p> +<p style="top:606.1pt;left:56.2pt">As the 2008 Colombian raid on a FARC camp in the Ecuadoran </p> +<p style="top:619.9pt;left:56.2pt">province of Sucumbíos vividly illustrated, Colombia’s insurgency </p> +<p style="top:633.6pt;left:56.2pt">and counterinsurgency often spilled over borders. The FARC used </p> +<p style="top:647.4pt;left:56.2pt">Ecuador’s territory for rest, resupply, and training; and some coca </p> +<p style="top:661.1pt;left:56.2pt">processing took place there as well. (CRS pp10,23-24) Ecuadoran </p> +<p style="top:674.9pt;left:56.2pt">troops at times clashed with suspected Colombian guerrillas within </p> +<p style="top:688.6pt;left:56.2pt">Ecuador. Quito planned increases in development spending in border </p> +<p style="top:702.4pt;left:56.2pt">provinces such as Sucumbíos to create a social and economic buffer </p> +<p style="top:716.1pt;left:56.2pt">zone. (RAND pp88-89)</p> +<p style="top:745.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>34. Airdropped AKs <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:760.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Insurgents scammed by Russian criminals:</i> Drop an Insurgent </p> +<p style="top:774.6pt;left:56.2pt">Faction’s Resources by –5.</p> +<p style="top:794.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Covert weapons delivery:</i> An Insurgent Faction places 2 Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:807.8pt;left:56.2pt">and 1 Base into a 0 Population Department.</p> +<p style="top:827.1pt;left:56.2pt">A creative arms-for-drugs deal brokered by Russian mafia in 2000 </p> +<p style="top:840.9pt;left:56.2pt">included Russian planes parachuting as many as 30,000 automatic </p> +<p style="top:854.6pt;left:56.2pt">rifles to the FARC in eastern Colombia. (Bruce-Hayes-Botero p91; </p> +<p style="top:868.4pt;left:56.2pt">RAND pp36-37)</p> +<p style="top:67.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>35. Crop Substitution <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Government initiative: </i>Replace the Cartels Bases in 1 Department </p> +<p style="top:96.8pt;left:393.8pt">with 1 Police each. Aid +3.</p> +<p style="top:119.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>FARC proposals lauded:</i> Shift a Department with a Cartels Base by </p> +<p style="top:133.3pt;left:393.8pt">2 levels toward Active Opposition.</p> +<p style="top:156.0pt;left:393.8pt">Crop substitution or “alternative development” programs sought to </p> +<p style="top:169.8pt;left:393.8pt">supplement coca and poppy eradication by providing licit income </p> +<p style="top:183.5pt;left:393.8pt">to farmers who otherwise would replant drug crops. FARC initia-</p> +<p style="top:197.3pt;left:393.8pt">tives in its zone in 1999-2002 drew attention and support from the </p> +<p style="top:211.0pt;left:393.8pt">United Nations, the European Union, and other foreigners. (Brittain </p> +<p style="top:224.8pt;left:393.8pt">pp95-98) US support via Plan Colombia also featured crop substitu-</p> +<p style="top:238.5pt;left:393.8pt">tion. The US Agency for International Development claimed such </p> +<p style="top:252.3pt;left:393.8pt">a program from 2005-2009 reduced coca growing by 85% in a key </p> +<p style="top:266.0pt;left:393.8pt">cultivation region of western Meta. (CRS pp26-29)</p> +<p style="top:295.5pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>36. Zona de Convivencia <span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:310.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>ELN gets its DMZ:</i> Govt places a FARC Zone in Mountain. (See </p> +<p style="top:324.5pt;left:393.8pt">6.4.3) Shift 2 adjacent Neutral spaces to Passive Support, if possible. </p> +<p style="top:338.2pt;left:393.8pt">Executing Faction remains Eligible past this card.</p> +<p style="top:357.6pt;left:393.8pt">The Pastrana administration explored negotiations with the ELN, </p> +<p style="top:371.4pt;left:393.8pt">parallel to those with the FARC. The ELN demanded a zone analo-</p> +<p style="top:385.1pt;left:393.8pt">gous to that granted to the FARC, and Pastrana agreed in principle to </p> +<p style="top:398.9pt;left:393.8pt">a 5000km<sup>2</sup> “live-and-let-live zone” around the juncture of Antioquia, </p> +<p style="top:412.6pt;left:393.8pt">Bolívar, and Santander. (RAND pp41,74) Uribe also pursued the </p> +<p style="top:426.4pt;left:393.8pt">ELN’s negotiated demobilization, but the group broke off talks in </p> +<p style="top:440.1pt;left:393.8pt">2008. (CRS pp13-14)</p> +<p style="top:466.2pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>37. Former Military <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C </span></b></p> +<p style="top:481.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Ties that bind:</i> Government free Sweeps or Assaults FARC within </p> +<p style="top:495.2pt;left:393.8pt">each space, no moves; AUC Guerrillas act as Troops. </p> +<p style="top:514.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Ex-officers advise paramilitaries:</i> AUC free Marches any of its </p> +<p style="top:528.4pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrillas and then, at any 1 destination, free Ambushes.</p> +<p style="top:547.8pt;left:393.8pt">The AUC was purported to collaborate with elements of the Colom-</p> +<p style="top:561.5pt;left:393.8pt">bian Army and to have some 1000 active members who had served </p> +<p style="top:575.2pt;left:393.8pt">in the nation’s armed forces, including 53 retired military officers </p> +<p style="top:589.0pt;left:393.8pt">who acted as AUC advisors. AUC leader Carlos Castaño himself </p> +<p style="top:602.8pt;left:393.8pt">corroborated these estimates when in 2000 he claimed to have more </p> +<p style="top:616.5pt;left:393.8pt">than 1000 ex-soldiers and 135 former army officers among his forces. </p> +<p style="top:630.2pt;left:393.8pt">(Murillo p100; Hristov pp71,86-87)</p> +<p style="top:659.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>38. National Coordination Center <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C </span></b></p> +<p style="top:675.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>New command fights paramilitaries: </i>Remove all Active AUC Guer-</p> +<p style="top:688.8pt;left:393.8pt">rillas from up to 3 spaces with cubes or Support. </p> +<p style="top:708.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Sympathizers alert AUC: </i>All AUC Guerrillas in spaces with cubes </p> +<p style="top:721.9pt;left:393.8pt">or Support to Underground. </p> +<p style="top:741.2pt;left:393.8pt">The Colombian Government as of 2000 had declared the battle </p> +<p style="top:755.0pt;left:393.8pt">against illegal autodefensas to be a strategic priority and established </p> +<p style="top:768.8pt;left:393.8pt">the National Coordination Center to lead that fight. Government-</p> +<p style="top:782.5pt;left:393.8pt">reported kills and captures of paramilitaries had been far lower than </p> +<p style="top:796.2pt;left:393.8pt">of rebel guerrillas in absolute numbers. The casualties were more </p> +<p style="top:810.0pt;left:393.8pt">comparable in percentages of total AUC and FARC-ELN strength, </p> +<p style="top:823.8pt;left:393.8pt">however. Moreover, argued the Defense Ministry, the fact that rebels </p> +<p style="top:837.5pt;left:393.8pt">sought out confrontations with security forces more often than would </p> +<p style="top:851.2pt;left:393.8pt">paramilitaries explained any disparity. (RAND pp57-58)</p> +</div> + +<div id="page37" style="background-image:url('playbook37.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>37</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>39. Soldados Campesinos <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Local forces platoons:</i> Place 1 Police into each of 6 Depts.</p> +<p style="top:102.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Local forces augment autodefensas:</i> In up to 3 Depts, replace 1 </p> +<p style="top:116.1pt;left:56.2pt">Police with 1 available AUC Guerrilla. </p> +<p style="top:135.5pt;left:56.2pt">The reestablishment of local forces—Soldados Campesinos (“Peas-</p> +<p style="top:149.2pt;left:56.2pt">ant Soldiers”), later Soldados de mi Pueblo (“Home Guards”)—and </p> +<p style="top:163.0pt;left:56.2pt">a related expansion of municipal police proved indispensable to </p> +<p style="top:176.8pt;left:56.2pt">Uribe’s counterinsurgency in providing a state presence in threatened </p> +<p style="top:190.5pt;left:56.2pt">areas. (Marks p135,136) Others saw such forces as legitimation of </p> +<p style="top:204.2pt;left:56.2pt">paramilitaries, in light of the overlap of their membership with that </p> +<p style="top:218.0pt;left:56.2pt">of the AUC. (Murillo pp103,113-114)</p> +<p style="top:247.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>40. Demobilization <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:262.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Negotiated reintegration:</i> Replace 3 AUC Guerrillas with available </p> +<p style="top:276.5pt;left:56.2pt">Police.</p> +<p style="top:295.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Talks a ruse, fighters recycled:</i> Move all cubes in a Dept with AUC </p> +<p style="top:309.6pt;left:56.2pt">to any Cities. Place 1 AUC piece in each of 2 Cities.</p> +<p style="top:329.0pt;left:56.2pt">The Uribe administration in 2003-2006 negotiated the AUC’s </p> +<p style="top:342.8pt;left:56.2pt">demobilization. Some suspected that the aim was to rein in para-</p> +<p style="top:356.5pt;left:56.2pt">militaries mainly to legitimize the state’s main offensive against the </p> +<p style="top:370.2pt;left:56.2pt">FARC. (Murillo p102) Others charged that—while thousands of </p> +<p style="top:384.0pt;left:56.2pt">AUC members demobilized and turned in weapons—much of the </p> +<p style="top:397.8pt;left:56.2pt">demobilization was faked or of only temporary impact on paramili-</p> +<p style="top:411.5pt;left:56.2pt">tary capabilities. (Hristov pp146-160) A UN and US view was that </p> +<p style="top:425.2pt;left:56.2pt">remaining paramilitary bands were of a different nature, criminal </p> +<p style="top:439.0pt;left:56.2pt">rather than political in purpose. (CRS p14) </p> +<p style="top:468.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>41. Mancuso <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:483.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>AUC No.2 extradited: </i>AUC Resources –6. Remove all AUC pieces </p> +<p style="top:497.5pt;left:56.2pt">from 1 space.</p> +<p style="top:516.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>AUC drug lord: </i>AUC Resources +3 for each space with AUC and </p> +<p style="top:530.6pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels pieces.</p> +<p style="top:550.0pt;left:56.2pt">The FARC was far from the only insurgent group to benefit from </p> +<p style="top:563.8pt;left:56.2pt">the drug trade. The AUC’s chief in 2000 acknowledged that the </p> +<p style="top:577.5pt;left:56.2pt">paramilitary coalition received a majority of its financing from </p> +<p style="top:591.2pt;left:56.2pt">drug trafficking. The US labeled the AUC a “cocaine-smuggling </p> +<p style="top:605.0pt;left:56.2pt">terrorist” organization and sought its leaders’ extradition. Colom-</p> +<p style="top:618.8pt;left:56.2pt">bian authorities extradited AUC deputy and military commander </p> +<p style="top:632.5pt;left:56.2pt">Salvatore Mancuso to the US in 2008. (Camacho-López pp85-86; </p> +<p style="top:646.2pt;left:56.2pt">Bruce-Hayes-Botero pp90-91; Murillo pp105,111-112; Hristov p80; </p> +<p style="top:660.0pt;left:56.2pt">Chepesiuk p280; www.ColombiaReports.com) </p> +<p style="top:689.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>42. Senado & Cámara <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:704.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Unity behind Presidential war policy: </i>2 Neutral spaces to Passive </p> +<p style="top:718.5pt;left:56.2pt">Support. Govt Resources +3.</p> +<p style="top:737.9pt;left:56.2pt">INSURGENT MOMENTUM</p> +<p style="top:751.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Insurgent sympathies:</i> No Sweep or Assault against executing Fac-</p> +<p style="top:765.4pt;left:56.2pt">tion until next Propaganda.</p> +<p style="top:784.8pt;left:56.2pt">The Left charged that not only the military but the entire Colombian </p> +<p style="top:798.5pt;left:56.2pt">political system defended elite interests by protecting right-wing </p> +<p style="top:812.2pt;left:56.2pt">paramilitary violence, and therefore constituted no more than a </p> +<p style="top:826.0pt;left:56.2pt">“death-squad democracy”. (Brittain pp204-205) Some claimed that </p> +<p style="top:839.8pt;left:56.2pt">a third to a half of Colombian legislators were pro-AUC. (Murillo </p> +<p style="top:853.5pt;left:56.2pt">pp105,212n34; Hristov p133) Paramilitary intimidation of politicians </p> +<p style="top:867.2pt;left:56.2pt">may have played a role. (Hristov p125) Other AUC sympathies in </p> +<p style="top:881.0pt;left:56.2pt">the legislature may have represented popular views, in light of polls </p> +<p style="top:894.8pt;left:56.2pt">seeing the paramilitaries as less of a threat than the FARC. (RAND </p> +<p style="top:908.5pt;left:56.2pt">pp56,59) As for the cartels, buying politicians rather than terrorizing </p> +<p style="top:922.2pt;left:56.2pt">the public was a key Cali tactic, and some drug lords themselves </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">competed electorally at the local level. (Chepesiuk p68; Camacho-</p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:393.8pt">López pp75-76) Finally, legislators and political candidates who saw </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:393.8pt">themselves as Government-FARC interlocutors engaged personally </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:393.8pt">in the peace process. (Bruce-Hayes-Botero pp94-97) In any event, </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:393.8pt">by Uribe’s term, public distaste for the status quo provided a uni-</p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:393.8pt">fied political front for his war on all illegal armed groups. (Marks </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:393.8pt">pp129,131,138-139; Ospina p60)</p> +<p style="top:178.9pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>43. Calima Front <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:194.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Suspect leftists massacred: </i>Place 2 Terror in and remove all FARC </p> +<p style="top:207.9pt;left:393.8pt">Bases from a Dept with Troops.</p> +<p style="top:227.3pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Brutality blamed on Army:</i> Place 2 Terror in a Dept with Troops. </p> +<p style="top:241.0pt;left:393.8pt">Aid –9. </p> +<p style="top:260.4pt;left:393.8pt">Affected communities charged that paramilitaries carried out assas-</p> +<p style="top:274.2pt;left:393.8pt">sinations in broad daylight and close proximity to military posts. The </p> +<p style="top:287.9pt;left:393.8pt">Army in 1999 in Cauca reportedly helped set up a paramilitary group </p> +<p style="top:301.7pt;left:393.8pt">called the Calima Front, with military officers providing weapons, </p> +<p style="top:315.4pt;left:393.8pt">logistics, and intelligence to AUC fighters—a case emblematic to </p> +<p style="top:329.2pt;left:393.8pt">human rights observers of the AUC’s ability to wage war on civilians </p> +<p style="top:342.9pt;left:393.8pt">with impunity. (Murillo pp94-97) </p> +<p style="top:372.4pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>44. Colombia Nueva <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:387.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Anti-corruption campaign:</i> Shift a non-Opposition City to Active </p> +<p style="top:401.4pt;left:393.8pt">Support. Govt Resources +3.</p> +<p style="top:420.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Political campaign divisive:</i> Shift a City from Support to Neutral. </p> +<p style="top:434.5pt;left:393.8pt">Govt Resources –3.</p> +<p style="top:453.9pt;left:393.8pt">Young congresswoman and later senator Ingrid Betancourt made her </p> +<p style="top:467.7pt;left:393.8pt">political reputation by outing fellow legislators for corruption and </p> +<p style="top:481.4pt;left:393.8pt">by pursuing President Samper’s impeachment. Her tenacity earned </p> +<p style="top:495.2pt;left:393.8pt">her both wild popularity and death threats. By her 2002 presidential </p> +<p style="top:508.9pt;left:393.8pt">run— “Colombia Nueva” was her slogan—she had lost her popular-</p> +<p style="top:522.7pt;left:393.8pt">ity, blamed for airing Colombia’s dirty laundry internationally in </p> +<p style="top:536.4pt;left:393.8pt">her French-published autobiography. (Bruce-Hayes-Botero, pp94-</p> +<p style="top:550.2pt;left:393.8pt">97,136-137) </p> +<p style="top:579.7pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>45. Los Derechos Humanos <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:594.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Officers disciplined: </i>Shift each space with cubes and Terror 1 level </p> +<p style="top:608.7pt;left:393.8pt">toward Active Support.</p> +<p style="top:628.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>International human rights cartel:</i> –1 Aid for each space with AUC </p> +<p style="top:641.8pt;left:393.8pt">pieces. Subtract a die roll from Govt Resources.</p> +<p style="top:661.2pt;left:393.8pt">Debates in the US Congress over aid funding focused on allega-</p> +<p style="top:674.9pt;left:393.8pt">tions of human rights abuses on all sides, especially by paramilitary </p> +<p style="top:688.7pt;left:393.8pt">groups and the Colombian military. Colombian authorities took </p> +<p style="top:702.4pt;left:393.8pt">steps against military-paramilitary collusion, for example, in 2000 </p> +<p style="top:716.2pt;left:393.8pt">dismissing 388 military officers and NCOs for human rights abuses </p> +<p style="top:729.9pt;left:393.8pt">or corruption and indicting several generals. (RAND, p58) By </p> +<p style="top:743.7pt;left:393.8pt">2010, the Obama Administration certified to Congress that “years </p> +<p style="top:757.4pt;left:393.8pt">of reforms and training [were] leading to an increased respect for ... </p> +<p style="top:771.2pt;left:393.8pt">human rights by most members of the [Colombian] Armed Forces.” </p> +<p style="top:784.9pt;left:393.8pt">Some outside observers felt that human rights charges had gone </p> +<p style="top:798.7pt;left:393.8pt">too far and constituted “lawfare” against Colombia’s self-defense </p> +<p style="top:812.4pt;left:393.8pt">by an international “human rights cartel”. In this view, foreign crit-</p> +<p style="top:826.2pt;left:393.8pt">ics—hostile to the Colombian state itself—remained unwilling to </p> +<p style="top:839.9pt;left:393.8pt">acknowledge any human rights progress despite a surging national </p> +<p style="top:853.7pt;left:393.8pt">popularity of military and government. (Murillo p19; CRS pp14-</p> +<p style="top:867.4pt;left:393.8pt">15,18-19,36; Marks pp129,137)</p> +</div> + +<div id="page38" style="background-image:url('playbook38.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>38</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>46. Limpieza <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Ruthless elimination:</i> An Insurgent Faction executes free Terror </p> +<p style="top:96.8pt;left:56.2pt">with any Guerrilla, removes any 2 enemy pieces in the space, and </p> +<p style="top:110.5pt;left:56.2pt">sets it to Passive Support or Opposition (unless 0 Pop). The Terror </p> +<p style="top:124.2pt;left:56.2pt">places 2 markers.</p> +<p style="top:143.6pt;left:56.2pt">“Limpieza social” (“social cleansing”) killings rose in Colombia in </p> +<p style="top:157.4pt;left:56.2pt">the late-1990s and early-2000s, as both leftist guerrillas and rightist </p> +<p style="top:171.1pt;left:56.2pt">paramilitaries sought to consolidate control by eliminating people </p> +<p style="top:184.9pt;left:56.2pt">considered misfits or suspected of collaboration with the other side. </p> +<p style="top:198.6pt;left:56.2pt">(RAND p6-7) Paramilitaries would defend areas from guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:212.4pt;left:56.2pt">preemptively, by drawing up lists of potential leftist sympathizers </p> +<p style="top:226.1pt;left:56.2pt">and then exterminating them, or using random terror to seed fear </p> +<p style="top:239.9pt;left:56.2pt">and show what might happen to anyone leaning toward the FARC </p> +<p style="top:253.6pt;left:56.2pt">or ELN. (Hristov pp74,92-94) </p> +<p style="top:283.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>47. Pinto & del Rosario <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:298.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Human rights investigators:</i> All AUC Guerrillas Active. All Police </p> +<p style="top:312.1pt;left:56.2pt">free Assault AUC as if Troops.</p> +<p style="top:331.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Prosecutors killed: </i>AUC places 2 Guerrillas in Cúcuta, executes free </p> +<p style="top:345.2pt;left:56.2pt">Terror there, and flips any 2 AUC Guerrillas Underground.</p> +<p style="top:364.6pt;left:56.2pt">Colombian police and judicial authorities investigating right-wing </p> +<p style="top:378.4pt;left:56.2pt">involvement in massacres became targets of threats and assassina-</p> +<p style="top:392.1pt;left:56.2pt">tion. (Hristov p133) In what appeared to be one such case in 2001, </p> +<p style="top:405.9pt;left:56.2pt">Cúcuta special prosecutor María del Rosario Silva Ríos and then her </p> +<p style="top:419.6pt;left:56.2pt">replacement Carlos Arturo Pinto Bohórquez were both shot to death. </p> +<p style="top:433.4pt;left:56.2pt">Authorities later convicted Cúcuta regional paramilitary commander </p> +<p style="top:447.1pt;left:56.2pt">Jorge Iván “The Iguana” Laverde Zapata in the killings. Demobi-</p> +<p style="top:460.9pt;left:56.2pt">lized paramilitary Orlando Bocanegra Arteaga also acknowledged </p> +<p style="top:474.6pt;left:56.2pt">responsibility. (www.ElEspectador.com; www.ElTiempo.com)</p> +<p style="top:499.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>48. Unión Sindical Obrera <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:514.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>AUC targets oil labor organizers:</i> Remove 1 Opposition or FARC </p> +<p style="top:528.6pt;left:56.2pt">Base adjacent to 3-Econ pipeline.</p> +<p style="top:548.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Labor backs FARC:</i> Shift 1 level toward Active Opposition in 2 </p> +<p style="top:561.8pt;left:56.2pt">Cities other than Bogotá.</p> +<p style="top:581.1pt;left:56.2pt">Labor unions—suspected of a similar social agenda as that of the </p> +<p style="top:594.9pt;left:56.2pt">rebel guerrillas and therefore of collusion with them—became fre-</p> +<p style="top:608.6pt;left:56.2pt">quent targets of right-wing paramilitary violence. The FARC and </p> +<p style="top:622.4pt;left:56.2pt">the ELN had maintained a strong presence around the oil-refining </p> +<p style="top:636.1pt;left:56.2pt">town of Barrancabermeja in Santander, a hotbed of the powerful oil </p> +<p style="top:649.9pt;left:56.2pt">workers union, Unión Sindical Obrera (USO). The AUC entered the </p> +<p style="top:663.6pt;left:56.2pt">area in 2001, killing 180 and displacing some 4000—acts popularly </p> +<p style="top:677.4pt;left:56.2pt">seen as a continuation of efforts to suppress popular organizing </p> +<p style="top:691.1pt;left:56.2pt">in the town. AUC leader Carlos Castaño in 2003 sent a menacing </p> +<p style="top:704.9pt;left:56.2pt">email to the union, declaring all USO leaders and the children of </p> +<p style="top:718.6pt;left:56.2pt">USO members to be “military targets”. (Murillo pp87-88; Hristov </p> +<p style="top:732.4pt;left:56.2pt">pp77,117,120) </p> +<p style="top:757.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>49. Bloques <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:772.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Militias defy Castaño:</i> Permanently remove 3 available AUC Guer-</p> +<p style="top:786.4pt;left:56.2pt">rillas.</p> +<p style="top:805.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Independent militias join AUC: </i>Place an AUC Guerrilla and Base </p> +<p style="top:819.5pt;left:56.2pt">in any Department.</p> +<p style="top:838.9pt;left:56.2pt">The AUC came together in the mid-1990s as an umbrella for several </p> +<p style="top:852.6pt;left:56.2pt">regional “self-defense” organizations (bloques). An amalgam of </p> +<p style="top:866.4pt;left:56.2pt">autonomous groups, the AUC was less cohesive than the FARC. </p> +<p style="top:880.1pt;left:56.2pt">Several powerful groups, such as the Bloque Central Bolívar, did </p> +<p style="top:893.9pt;left:56.2pt">not recognize AUC leadership, and paramilitaries fought turf wars </p> +<p style="top:907.6pt;left:56.2pt">amongst themselves. (RAND pp54-55; Hristov p70; Murillo p108; </p> +<p style="top:921.4pt;left:56.2pt">Brittain p126) </p> +<p style="top:67.3pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>50. Carabineros <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:82.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>National police field forces:</i> Govt places a total of up to 3 Police </p> +<p style="top:96.3pt;left:393.8pt">into any Departments.</p> +<p style="top:115.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>National police corruption:</i> Remove any 2 Police or replace them </p> +<p style="top:129.4pt;left:393.8pt">with available AUC Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:148.8pt;left:393.8pt">During the Pastrana and then Uribe years, Colombia systematically </p> +<p style="top:162.6pt;left:393.8pt">established police presence in every county of the country. Those </p> +<p style="top:176.3pt;left:393.8pt">areas historically thought too dangerous for police presence were </p> +<p style="top:190.1pt;left:393.8pt">manned by police field forces (Carabineros), similar in size and na-</p> +<p style="top:203.8pt;left:393.8pt">ture to army local forces but more mobile and better armed. (Marks </p> +<p style="top:217.6pt;left:393.8pt">pp136,145n38) As with the Army, however, some police were </p> +<p style="top:231.3pt;left:393.8pt">suspected of collusion with the paramilitaries, for example taking </p> +<p style="top:245.1pt;left:393.8pt">payments in return for armed protection of paramilitary units while </p> +<p style="top:258.8pt;left:393.8pt">the latter carried out their terror campaigns. (Hristov, p87) </p> +<p style="top:288.3pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>51. Pipeline Repairs <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:303.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Speedy patching:</i> Remove all Pipeline Sabotage or, if none, Govern-</p> +<p style="top:317.3pt;left:393.8pt">ment Resources +12.</p> +<p style="top:336.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Security concerns hinder maintenance:</i> Sabotage 3 Pipelines with </p> +<p style="top:350.4pt;left:393.8pt">or adjacent to FARC Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:369.8pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrilla action against energy pipelines often becomes a race be-</p> +<p style="top:383.6pt;left:393.8pt">tween how often the saboteurs can damage the line and how quickly </p> +<p style="top:397.3pt;left:393.8pt">the defenders can repair them. Attacks on the key northern-Colom-</p> +<p style="top:411.1pt;left:393.8pt">bian Caño-Limón pipeline in the guerrilla heyday of 2001 shut it </p> +<p style="top:424.8pt;left:393.8pt">down for 240 days out of the year. (Ricks-Lightner p80) Coordinated </p> +<p style="top:438.6pt;left:393.8pt">FARC pipeline attacks as late as 2008 halted production of over </p> +<p style="top:452.3pt;left:393.8pt">800,000 barrels of oil. (Brittain p23)</p> +<p style="top:481.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>52. Castaño <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:497.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>AUC leader’s memoir a best seller: </i>Shift 2 City or Mountain each </p> +<p style="top:510.8pt;left:393.8pt">1 level toward Active Support.</p> +<p style="top:530.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Charismatic AUC political leader:</i> Place an AUC Base into a space </p> +<p style="top:543.9pt;left:393.8pt">with AUC, then add +1 AUC Resources per AUC Base.</p> +<p style="top:563.3pt;left:393.8pt">Charismatic AUC chief Carlos Castaño Gil gave interviews to lead-</p> +<p style="top:577.1pt;left:393.8pt">ing national publications and obtained favorable media coverage to </p> +<p style="top:590.8pt;left:393.8pt">portray the movement as a politically legitimate “third actor” in the </p> +<p style="top:604.6pt;left:393.8pt">Colombian conflict. The 2001 book <i>Mi Confesión,</i> purporting to </p> +<p style="top:618.3pt;left:393.8pt">“reveal his secrets”, sold in all major Colombian cities and became </p> +<p style="top:632.1pt;left:393.8pt">one of the most popular books in the country. (Murillo p99)</p> +<p style="top:661.6pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>53. Criminal Air Force <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:676.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Insurgent access to small aircraft:</i> An Insurgent Faction moves 1 </p> +<p style="top:690.6pt;left:393.8pt">or 2 Guerrillas between any 2 Departments and flips them Under-</p> +<p style="top:704.3pt;left:393.8pt">ground.</p> +<p style="top:723.7pt;left:393.8pt">The AUC as of 2004 reportedly fielded up to 14 state-of-art helicop-</p> +<p style="top:737.4pt;left:393.8pt">ters and a dozen small planes. (Murillo p100) AUC chief Castaño </p> +<p style="top:751.2pt;left:393.8pt">in 2001 claimed to have loaned helicopters to the Cali Cartel. </p> +<p style="top:764.9pt;left:393.8pt">(Chepesiuk p143) Witnesses reported Army helicopters deploying </p> +<p style="top:778.7pt;left:393.8pt">AUC fighters to new regions or supplying them with ammunition </p> +<p style="top:792.4pt;left:393.8pt">and medications while on terror operations. (Hristov pp85,88) Some </p> +<p style="top:806.2pt;left:393.8pt">charged that troops wearing AUC armbands in 2003 parachuted </p> +<p style="top:819.9pt;left:393.8pt">from military aircraft into a region of Arauca to conduct a massacre. </p> +<p style="top:833.7pt;left:393.8pt">(Brittain p136) </p> +</div> + +<div id="page39" style="background-image:url('playbook39.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>39</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>54. Deserters & Defectors <span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:56.2pt">Remove up to 2 Guerrillas or replace them with any other Factions’ </p> +<p style="top:96.8pt;left:56.2pt">available Guerrillas. </p> +<p style="top:116.1pt;left:56.2pt">AUC ranks contained numerous FARC deserters, because of the </p> +<p style="top:129.9pt;left:56.2pt">harsh discipline imposed by the FARC and because the AUC of-</p> +<p style="top:143.6pt;left:56.2pt">fered protection from retaliation by former comrades. (RAND p56) </p> +<p style="top:157.4pt;left:56.2pt">Castaño in 2000 claimed 800 ex-leftist guerrillas among his forces. </p> +<p style="top:171.1pt;left:56.2pt">One such defector from the FARC led the rightist Bloque Norte y </p> +<p style="top:184.9pt;left:56.2pt">Anorí. The AUC also offered monthly wages to unemployed youth </p> +<p style="top:198.6pt;left:56.2pt">who had worked as sicarios for the drug organizations, if they would </p> +<p style="top:212.4pt;left:56.2pt">serve as AUC troops. (Hristov pp71,88,96,106) </p> +<p style="top:241.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>55. DEA Agents <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:257.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Law enforcement assistance:</i> Remove a Shipment and any 5 Cartels </p> +<p style="top:270.9pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:290.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Más Yanquis:</i> In 3 spaces with Cartels pieces, shift 1 level toward </p> +<p style="top:304.0pt;left:56.2pt">Active Opposition.</p> +<p style="top:323.4pt;left:56.2pt">Colombian-US counternarcotics cooperation thrived from the mid-</p> +<p style="top:337.1pt;left:56.2pt">1990s on, especially via the US Drug Enforcement Administration. </p> +<p style="top:350.9pt;left:56.2pt">Some regard the takedown of the Cali Cartel during this period as </p> +<p style="top:364.6pt;left:56.2pt">the DEA’s greatest victory. The relationship was not without its </p> +<p style="top:378.4pt;left:56.2pt">political frictions, though, including a struggle under Samper over </p> +<p style="top:392.1pt;left:56.2pt">how much control the Colombians would have over DEA activities </p> +<p style="top:405.9pt;left:56.2pt">in the country. Exaggeration in Colombian media may have added </p> +<p style="top:419.6pt;left:56.2pt">to the tension: the press in 1995 reported the presence of more than </p> +<p style="top:433.4pt;left:56.2pt">500 DEA agents in Cali alone, even though the agency in reality </p> +<p style="top:447.1pt;left:56.2pt">had no more than 2 or 3 agents there at a time. (Chepesiuk pp201-</p> +<p style="top:460.9pt;left:56.2pt">202,272) </p> +<p style="top:490.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>56. Drogas La Rebaja <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:505.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Cali cartel’s drugstore chain seized:</i> Transfer 9 Resources from </p> +<p style="top:519.4pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels to Government.</p> +<p style="top:538.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Retail empire:</i> Add twice Cartels pieces in Cities to Cartels Re-</p> +<p style="top:552.5pt;left:56.2pt">sources. Then place a Cartels Base in each of 2 Cities.</p> +<p style="top:571.9pt;left:56.2pt">The Cali Cartel’s Rodríguez brothers used their cocaine profits </p> +<p style="top:585.6pt;left:56.2pt">to build a semi-legal business empire, the heart of which was the </p> +<p style="top:599.4pt;left:56.2pt">Drogas La Rebaja drugstore chain. The Government in 2004 seized </p> +<p style="top:613.1pt;left:56.2pt">the 400-store chain, breaking the back of that cartel’s finances. </p> +<p style="top:626.9pt;left:56.2pt">(Chepesiuk pp68-69,259) </p> +<p style="top:656.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>57. Op Millennium <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:671.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Colombian-US strike at Bernal syndicate:</i> Replace up to 3 Cartels </p> +<p style="top:685.4pt;left:56.2pt">pieces with available Police.</p> +<p style="top:708.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Investigation penetrated:</i> In each of 2 spaces, replace a Police with </p> +<p style="top:721.9pt;left:56.2pt">an available Cartels piece.</p> +<p style="top:744.6pt;left:56.2pt">After dismembering the Medellín and Cali cartels, Colombian and </p> +<p style="top:758.4pt;left:56.2pt">US authorities pressed ahead with joint efforts to capture leaders </p> +<p style="top:772.1pt;left:56.2pt">of the surviving, decentralized “cartelitos”. Operation Millenium </p> +<p style="top:785.9pt;left:56.2pt">in 1999 netted drug group leader Alejandro Bernal and previously </p> +<p style="top:799.6pt;left:56.2pt">released Medellín Cartel co-founder Fabio Ochoa. But an estimated </p> +<p style="top:813.4pt;left:56.2pt">several hundred small cartels remained, into which Colombian po-</p> +<p style="top:827.1pt;left:56.2pt">lice and the US DEA had little insight. (Chepesiuk pp241,276-277; </p> +<p style="top:840.9pt;left:56.2pt">RAND pp15-16) </p> +<p style="top:67.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>58. General Serrano <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>National Police hammer cartels:</i> Cartels Resources –6. Remove all </p> +<p style="top:96.8pt;left:393.8pt">Cartels Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:116.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Officials on cartel payroll:</i> Cartels relocate up to 4 Police to any </p> +<p style="top:129.9pt;left:393.8pt">spaces.</p> +<p style="top:149.2pt;left:393.8pt">Colombian police—traditionally seen as corrupt, and many of whose </p> +<p style="top:163.0pt;left:393.8pt">members were at the service of the Cali Cartel—in the mid-1990s </p> +<p style="top:176.8pt;left:393.8pt">effectively declared war against drug traffickers. (Camacho-López </p> +<p style="top:190.5pt;left:393.8pt">p79) Studious and tough Policía Nacional chief General Rosso José </p> +<p style="top:204.2pt;left:393.8pt">Serrano Cadena cleaned house and from late 1994 on led the as-</p> +<p style="top:218.0pt;left:393.8pt">sault on the Cali Cartel, in close alliance with the US. (Chepesiuk </p> +<p style="top:231.8pt;left:393.8pt">pp xxi,192-197) </p> +<p style="top:261.2pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>59. Salcedo <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:276.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Cartel informant:</i> All Cartels Guerrillas to Active. Free Assault </p> +<p style="top:290.2pt;left:393.8pt">against Cartels in each space.</p> +<p style="top:309.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Cali cartel security chief: </i>Cartels flip all their Guerrillas Under-</p> +<p style="top:323.4pt;left:393.8pt">ground and relocate up to 3 of them anywhere.</p> +<p style="top:342.8pt;left:393.8pt">Jorge Salcedo was a key member of the Cali Cartel’s intelligence </p> +<p style="top:356.5pt;left:393.8pt">and security team—the talented, charismatic son of a Colombian </p> +<p style="top:370.2pt;left:393.8pt">general, he had military training, counterinsurgency field experience, </p> +<p style="top:384.0pt;left:393.8pt">excellent computer skills, and fluent English. Turned informant </p> +<p style="top:397.8pt;left:393.8pt">by US enforcement authorities, Salcedo opened a window on Cali </p> +<p style="top:411.5pt;left:393.8pt">Cartel operations and enabled the capture of its leaders. (Chepesiuk </p> +<p style="top:425.2pt;left:393.8pt">pp137-138,212-219) </p> +<p style="top:454.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>60. The Chess Player <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:470.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Kingpin strategy scores:</i> Remove all Cartels pieces from 2 Cities </p> +<p style="top:483.8pt;left:393.8pt">or 1 Dept. Govt Resources +6.</p> +<p style="top:503.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Cali’s Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela expands empire:</i> Cartels place </p> +<p style="top:516.9pt;left:393.8pt">an available Base in each of 2 Cities and free Bribe in 1 space.</p> +<p style="top:536.2pt;left:393.8pt">Less violent than Medellín’s Pablo Escobar, Cali Cartel co-found-</p> +<p style="top:550.0pt;left:393.8pt">ers Gilberto (“The Chess Player”—cartel strategic planner) and </p> +<p style="top:563.8pt;left:393.8pt">Miguel (“El Señor”—cartel boss) Rodríguez Orejuela only became </p> +<p style="top:577.5pt;left:393.8pt">a Government priority after Escobar’s death in late 1993 and a drug </p> +<p style="top:591.2pt;left:393.8pt">financing scandal reached the Presidency of Ernesto Samper in 1994. </p> +<p style="top:605.0pt;left:393.8pt">A Colombian-US strategy of combining leads and focusing resources </p> +<p style="top:618.8pt;left:393.8pt">on capturing cartel leaders netted the Rodríguez brothers’ arrests by </p> +<p style="top:632.5pt;left:393.8pt">1996 and extradition to the US by 2005. (Camacho-López pp78-79; </p> +<p style="top:646.2pt;left:393.8pt">Chepesiuk, pp xxi,22-23,68,95,202,269-270) </p> +<p style="top:675.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>61. Air Bridge <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:691.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Peruvian coca supply controlled:</i> Remove all Cartels pieces from </p> +<p style="top:704.8pt;left:393.8pt">1 City. Cartels Resources –6.</p> +<p style="top:727.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Colombian coca growers fill Peruvian void:</i> Place 1 Cartels Base </p> +<p style="top:741.2pt;left:393.8pt">into each of 3 Depts with no Cartels pieces.</p> +<p style="top:764.0pt;left:393.8pt">Traditionally, the bulk of coca processed into cocaine in Colombia </p> +<p style="top:777.8pt;left:393.8pt">had been grown in Peru and Bolivia. An “air-bridge” strategy of </p> +<p style="top:791.5pt;left:393.8pt">US-Peruvian interdiction of coca deliveries into Colombia denied </p> +<p style="top:805.2pt;left:393.8pt">Colombian traffickers most of this central-Andean crop—with the </p> +<p style="top:819.0pt;left:393.8pt">unintended effect of encouraging coca cultivation inside Colombia. </p> +<p style="top:832.8pt;left:393.8pt">Between 1995 and 1999, Colombia became the center of all stages </p> +<p style="top:846.5pt;left:393.8pt">of cocaine production, from harvest to delivery. (RAND pp12,20-21; </p> +<p style="top:860.2pt;left:393.8pt">Camacho-López pp 82-83) </p> +</div> + +<div id="page40" style="background-image:url('playbook40.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>40</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.9pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>66. Tingo María <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Coca crop fails:</i> Remove 3 Cartels Bases from Forest.</p> +<p style="top:102.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Hearty coca variety:</i> Within stacking, place an available Cartels </p> +<p style="top:116.3pt;left:393.8pt">Base into each Forest that already has one.</p> +<p style="top:135.6pt;left:393.8pt">Under pressure from the Government’s coca eradication spraying </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:393.8pt">to shift cultivation to less ideal terrain, growers adapted by devel-</p> +<p style="top:163.1pt;left:393.8pt">oping new varieties of the coca plant. One such variety, the Tingo </p> +<p style="top:176.9pt;left:393.8pt">María, would produce 3 times as much coca as the traditional plant. </p> +<p style="top:190.6pt;left:393.8pt">(RAND p66) </p> +<p style="top:220.1pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>67. Mexican Traffickers <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:235.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Major shipment busted en route:</i> Cartels Resources –10.</p> +<p style="top:254.8pt;left:393.8pt">INSURGENT MOMENTUM</p> +<p style="top:268.5pt;left:393.8pt"><i>New routes to US market:</i> This Resources phase, Cartels add Re-</p> +<p style="top:282.3pt;left:393.8pt">sources equal to 4 x Bases.</p> +<p style="top:301.6pt;left:393.8pt">The Cali Cartel had relied on its own delivery networks to get cocaine </p> +<p style="top:315.4pt;left:393.8pt">to US market. Disruption of that cartel’s distribution routes through </p> +<p style="top:329.1pt;left:393.8pt">the Caribbean and the dismantling of the Cartel itself in 1995-1996 </p> +<p style="top:342.9pt;left:393.8pt">created opportunities for Mexican traffickers to provide Colombian </p> +<p style="top:356.6pt;left:393.8pt">wholesalers with delivery and retailing services. Already prior to </p> +<p style="top:370.4pt;left:393.8pt">Op Millenium, the Colombian Bernal group was working with a </p> +<p style="top:384.1pt;left:393.8pt">Mexican Ciudad Juárez-based cartel to deliver 20-30 tons of cocaine </p> +<p style="top:397.9pt;left:393.8pt">monthly to the United States. Mexicans soon came to dominate US </p> +<p style="top:411.6pt;left:393.8pt">cocaine distribution with more extensive and efficient networks. </p> +<p style="top:425.4pt;left:393.8pt">(Camacho-López p83; Chepesiuk p278; RAND p15) </p> +<p style="top:454.9pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>68. Narco-Subs <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:470.1pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Submersibles seized: </i>Remove from coastal spaces 2 Cartels pieces </p> +<p style="top:483.9pt;left:393.8pt">or up to 2 Shipments.</p> +<p style="top:503.3pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Littoral stealth:</i> Cartels Resources +2 per Cartels piece in coastal </p> +<p style="top:517.0pt;left:393.8pt">spaces.</p> +<p style="top:536.4pt;left:393.8pt">A predawn Colombian police raid on a Bogotá warehouse in 2000 </p> +<p style="top:550.1pt;left:393.8pt">discovered a 100-foot submarine under construction, a joint proj-</p> +<p style="top:563.9pt;left:393.8pt">ect between a Colombian cartel and the Russian mob, intended to </p> +<p style="top:577.6pt;left:393.8pt">smuggle tons of narcotics. (Chepesiuk pp227-8) </p> +<p style="top:607.1pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>69. Riverines & Fast Boats <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:622.4pt;left:393.8pt">Move any of your cubes or Guerrillas from 1 space through a chain </p> +<p style="top:636.1pt;left:393.8pt">of up to 3 adjacent Depts. You then may execute a free Op other </p> +<p style="top:649.9pt;left:393.8pt">than Patrol or March within the final space.</p> +<p style="top:669.3pt;left:393.8pt">Colombia features two major river valleys—the Magdalena and </p> +<p style="top:683.0pt;left:393.8pt">the Cauca—running south-to-north along the Andes, numerous </p> +<p style="top:696.8pt;left:393.8pt">major rivers draining the eastern plains into the Amazon, and both </p> +<p style="top:710.5pt;left:393.8pt">Pacific and Atlantic coasts. In all, 18,000km of navigable rivers in </p> +<p style="top:724.3pt;left:393.8pt">Colombia serve as highways for Government forces, guerrillas, </p> +<p style="top:67.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>62. Amazonía <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:83.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Brasília’s Op Cobra blocks border:</i> Remove up to 3 Insurgent pieces </p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:56.2pt">from 0 Population Forests.</p> +<p style="top:116.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Jungle landing strips:</i> Place 1 Cartels Base each in Guainía, Vaupés, </p> +<p style="top:130.0pt;left:56.2pt">and Amazonas.</p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">The lowlands of eastern Colombia, comprising 60 percent of national </p> +<p style="top:163.1pt;left:56.2pt">territory but only 4 percent of population, formed a vast hinterland </p> +<p style="top:176.9pt;left:56.2pt">vacuum for illegal groups to fill. Government pressure in the late </p> +<p style="top:190.6pt;left:56.2pt">1990s and early 2000s pushed these groups—coca growers and </p> +<p style="top:204.4pt;left:56.2pt">FARC alike—ever deeper into jungle sanctuaries. Brazil shared an </p> +<p style="top:218.1pt;left:56.2pt">interest with Colombia in controlling their vast Amazonian frontier. </p> +<p style="top:231.9pt;left:56.2pt">So it sought to block the daily clandestine flights between Colombia </p> +<p style="top:245.6pt;left:56.2pt">and its airspace and, with Colombian authorities, dismantled numer-</p> +<p style="top:259.4pt;left:56.2pt">ous jungle landing strips near the border. In 2000, it launched its </p> +<p style="top:273.1pt;left:56.2pt">3-year Operation Cobra to augment its border presence with the </p> +<p style="top:286.9pt;left:56.2pt">deployment of 6,000 Brazilian troops to the region. (Marks p129; </p> +<p style="top:300.6pt;left:56.2pt">RAND pp66,90-91) </p> +<p style="top:330.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>63. Narco-War <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:345.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Rival syndicates go for the throat:</i> In each space with Cartels Guer-</p> +<p style="top:359.1pt;left:56.2pt">rillas, remove all but 1; Cartels conduct free Terror with that 1. Mark </p> +<p style="top:372.9pt;left:56.2pt">Cartels Ineligible through next card.</p> +<p style="top:392.3pt;left:56.2pt">Pablo Escobar’s Medellín Cartel in 1993 fell into a tit-for-tat ter-</p> +<p style="top:406.0pt;left:56.2pt">ror battle with a vigilante group (“los pepes”) backed by the Cali </p> +<p style="top:419.8pt;left:56.2pt">Cartel—a narco-war that played a substantial role in Escobar’s fall. </p> +<p style="top:433.5pt;left:56.2pt">(Chepesiuk pp139-142) Fighting among cartels as of the late 1990s </p> +<p style="top:447.3pt;left:56.2pt">remained a major cause of the country’s 30,000 murders annually. </p> +<p style="top:461.0pt;left:56.2pt">(RAND p17)</p> +<p style="top:490.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>64. Cocaine Labs <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:505.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>FARC taps suppliers: </i>Place a Shipment with a FARC Guerrilla in </p> +<p style="top:519.5pt;left:56.2pt">the same space as a Cartels Base.</p> +<p style="top:538.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Well-oiled industry:</i> For each Cartels Base, Cartels Resources +2 if </p> +<p style="top:552.6pt;left:56.2pt">in City, +1 if in Dept.</p> +<p style="top:572.0pt;left:56.2pt">Colombia’s illicit drug industry built on a long tradition of Latin </p> +<p style="top:585.8pt;left:56.2pt">American smuggling. It initially required only the investment in </p> +<p style="top:599.5pt;left:56.2pt">urban laboratories to process rural crop into cocaine and heroin. </p> +<p style="top:613.3pt;left:56.2pt">Over decades, cartels built up into large-scale enterprises. The </p> +<p style="top:627.0pt;left:56.2pt">Cali Cartel boasted safe houses strategically spread across the city </p> +<p style="top:640.8pt;left:56.2pt">and an intelligence network of hotel clerks, corrupt police, street </p> +<p style="top:654.5pt;left:56.2pt">vendors, and 5,000 taxi drivers. With the breakup of the big urban </p> +<p style="top:668.3pt;left:56.2pt">cartels in the mid-1990s, profits declined, but the industry continued. </p> +<p style="top:682.0pt;left:56.2pt">(Camacho-López pp61,64-67,82-84; Chepesiuk pp203-204) The </p> +<p style="top:695.8pt;left:56.2pt">FARC helped fill any vacuum. For a fee, it would protect cocaine </p> +<p style="top:709.5pt;left:56.2pt">laboratories and landing strips, transport precursor chemicals, or </p> +<p style="top:723.3pt;left:56.2pt">ship finished cocaine. (RAND pp32-33)</p> +<p style="top:752.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>65. Poppies <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:768.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Growers and Government eradication focus on heroin source:</i> </p> +<p style="top:781.8pt;left:56.2pt">Place or remove 1 Shipment or Insurgent Base in any Mountain </p> +<p style="top:795.5pt;left:56.2pt">Department.</p> +<p style="top:814.9pt;left:56.2pt">Colombia in the 1990s became the Western Hemisphere’s largest </p> +<p style="top:828.6pt;left:56.2pt">producer of opium poppies and refined heroin (though Asia produced </p> +<p style="top:842.4pt;left:56.2pt">far more), with an estimated 7,500 hectares under poppy cultiva-</p> +<p style="top:856.1pt;left:56.2pt">tion as of 1999. Locals in coffee-growing regions had responded </p> +<p style="top:869.9pt;left:56.2pt">to a precipitous drop in coffee prices by switching to poppies, and </p> +<p style="top:883.6pt;left:56.2pt">the Government quickly responded with aerial spraying. (RAND </p> +<p style="top:897.4pt;left:56.2pt">pp12-13; Chepesiuk p27; Hristov p191) </p> +</div> + +<div id="page41" style="background-image:url('playbook41.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>41</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">and drug shipments. To exploit and control these waterways, the </p> +<p style="top:80.7pt;left:56.2pt">Government with US support in 1999 established a riverine brigade </p> +<p style="top:94.4pt;left:56.2pt">of 5 battalions spread throughout the country. The AUC meanwhile </p> +<p style="top:108.2pt;left:56.2pt">fielded large numbers of speedboats with mounted machineguns </p> +<p style="top:121.9pt;left:56.2pt">for their war against the FARC. And on the coasts, Colombian </p> +<p style="top:135.7pt;left:56.2pt">narcotraffickers and guerrillas used fast boats that outclassed those </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:56.2pt">available to regional navies. (RAND pp xix,33,65,86,97; Hristov </p> +<p style="top:163.2pt;left:56.2pt">p190; Bruce-Hayes-Botero p90; Murillo p100) </p> +<p style="top:192.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>70. Ayahuasca Tourism <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:207.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Eco-tourism helps trade balance: </i>Government Resources +6 for </p> +<p style="top:221.7pt;left:56.2pt">each Forest without Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:241.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Eco-tourists taken:</i> A Faction executes free Terror with any 1 Guer-</p> +<p style="top:254.8pt;left:56.2pt">rilla in each Forest and gets +3 Resources per Terror.</p> +<p style="top:274.2pt;left:56.2pt">Colombia hosts some of the most pristine rain forests in South </p> +<p style="top:287.9pt;left:56.2pt">America, drawing a growing eco-tourist trade (locally known as </p> +<p style="top:301.7pt;left:56.2pt">Ayahuasca tourism). Pharmaceutical companies have shown in-</p> +<p style="top:315.4pt;left:56.2pt">creased interest in the Colombian forest for potential medicines. The </p> +<p style="top:329.2pt;left:56.2pt">amazing variety of species also supports a thriving illegal export of </p> +<p style="top:342.9pt;left:56.2pt">animals. (Ricks-Lightner pp12-13) </p> +<p style="top:372.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>71. Darién <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:387.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Arms traffic interdicted:</i> Remove a Guerrilla from Chocó; its Faction </p> +<p style="top:401.4pt;left:56.2pt">suffers –5 Resources.</p> +<p style="top:420.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Border sanctuary:</i> Place 1-2 Bases in Panamá. It is a 0 Pop Forest. </p> +<p style="top:434.5pt;left:56.2pt">Sweep does not Activate Guerrillas there.</p> +<p style="top:453.9pt;left:56.2pt">Arms stockpiles from the Salvadoran and Nicaraguan civil wars of </p> +<p style="top:467.7pt;left:56.2pt">the 1980s were a major source of weapons smuggled into Colombia. </p> +<p style="top:481.4pt;left:56.2pt">Central American arms arrived in part via a network of 40-50 foot-</p> +<p style="top:495.2pt;left:56.2pt">paths through the triple-canopy jungle of Panama’s Darién province </p> +<p style="top:508.9pt;left:56.2pt">bordering Colombia. The same network served to smuggle drugs </p> +<p style="top:522.7pt;left:56.2pt">in the opposite direction. The FARC reportedly maintained 2 bat-</p> +<p style="top:536.4pt;left:56.2pt">talion-sized units and a major logistics and support base in Darién, </p> +<p style="top:550.2pt;left:56.2pt">outgunning the Panamanians. (RAND pp35,36f,85-86) </p> +<p style="top:579.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>72. Sicarios <span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a"> </span></b></p> +<p style="top:594.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Hired drug guns unreliable:</i> Replace all Cartels Guerrillas in 2 </p> +<p style="top:608.7pt;left:56.2pt">spaces with other Guerrillas.</p> +<p style="top:628.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Unemployed ready to work for syndicates:</i> Place all available Cartels </p> +<p style="top:641.8pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas into spaces with Cartels Bases.</p> +<p style="top:661.2pt;left:56.2pt">Colombia’s big drug traffickers and guerrilla groups created a </p> +<p style="top:674.9pt;left:56.2pt">violent social type—the sicario: a poor youngster, mainly urban, </p> +<p style="top:688.7pt;left:56.2pt">who for a sum of money would kill a cartel’s opponents. The M19 </p> +<p style="top:702.4pt;left:56.2pt">guerrilla group in the 1980s, before its demobilization, organized </p> +<p style="top:716.2pt;left:56.2pt">and trained such poor urban youth, who later became gangsters for </p> +<p style="top:729.9pt;left:56.2pt">hire to the highest bidder, typically the cartels. (Camacho-López </p> +<p style="top:743.7pt;left:56.2pt">pp79-80) The AUC in turn offered monthly wages to unemployed </p> +<p style="top:757.4pt;left:56.2pt">youth who had worked as sicarios for the drug organizations, if they </p> +<p style="top:771.2pt;left:56.2pt">would serve as AUC troops. (Hristov p96) Finally, ex-AUC fight-</p> +<p style="top:784.9pt;left:56.2pt">ers with few alternatives often became sicarios for drug traffickers. </p> +<p style="top:798.7pt;left:56.2pt">(Hristov p155) </p> +<p style="top:76.7pt;left:405.3pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">SELECTED SOURCES</span></b></p> +<p style="top:100.3pt;left:405.3pt">(roughly, from Right to Left)</p> +<p style="top:123.1pt;left:405.3pt">“Insights from Colombia’s ‘Prolonged War’” by Carlos Alberto </p> +<p style="top:136.8pt;left:405.3pt">Ospina Ovalle, <i>JFQ,</i> issue 42, 3rd quarter 2006. The importance </p> +<p style="top:150.6pt;left:405.3pt">of strategy, doctrine, and legitimacy in internal war, from the </p> +<p style="top:164.3pt;left:405.3pt">architect of modern Colombian COIN.</p> +<p style="top:187.1pt;left:405.3pt">“Colombia—Learning Institutions Enable Integrated Response” </p> +<p style="top:200.8pt;left:405.3pt">by Thomas A. Marks, <i>Prism</i> 1, No.4, August 2010. How the </p> +<p style="top:214.6pt;left:405.3pt">Colombian Army and Government learned COIN during the </p> +<p style="top:228.3pt;left:405.3pt">period of the game and won against FARC and AUC.</p> +<p style="top:251.1pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Colombian Labyrinth—The Synergy of Drugs and Insurgency </i></p> +<p style="top:264.8pt;left:405.3pt"><i>and Its Implications for Regional Stability</i> by Angel Rabasa </p> +<p style="top:278.6pt;left:405.3pt">and Peter Chalk, RAND, 2001. From mid-period of the game, </p> +<p style="top:292.3pt;left:405.3pt">a US view of how to win as the Government.</p> +<p style="top:315.1pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Colombia—Issues for Congress</i> by June Beittel, Congressional </p> +<p style="top:328.8pt;left:405.3pt">Research Service (CRS), March 2011. Looking back on prog-</p> +<p style="top:342.6pt;left:405.3pt">ress in Colombian COIN and counter-narcotics, as assessed </p> +<p style="top:356.3pt;left:405.3pt">for the US Congress.</p> +<p style="top:379.1pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Drug Lords—The Rise and Fall of the Cali Cartel</i> by Ron </p> +<p style="top:392.8pt;left:405.3pt">Chepesiuk, Milo Books Ltd, 2003. Focused on US assistance </p> +<p style="top:406.6pt;left:405.3pt">to the Government in fighting the last flashy cartel.</p> +<p style="top:429.3pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Insurgency & Terrorism—From Revolution to Apocalypse</i> by </p> +<p style="top:443.1pt;left:405.3pt">Bard O’Neill, Potomac Books, Inc., 2005. Theoretical discus-</p> +<p style="top:456.8pt;left:405.3pt">sion of insurgency and COIN, including the nature of egalitarian </p> +<p style="top:470.6pt;left:405.3pt">(FARC), preservationist (AUC), and commercialist (Cartels) </p> +<p style="top:484.3pt;left:405.3pt">insurgencies worldwide.</p> +<p style="top:507.1pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Colombia: d20—Guerilla Warfare</i> by Tom Ricks and Ken </p> +<p style="top:520.8pt;left:405.3pt">Lightner, Holistic Design Inc., 2003. Background for roleplay-</p> +<p style="top:534.6pt;left:405.3pt">ing the Colombian conflict, including economic and cultural </p> +<p style="top:548.3pt;left:405.3pt">aspects.</p> +<p style="top:571.1pt;left:405.3pt">“From Smugglers to Drug Lords to Traquetos—Changes in </p> +<p style="top:584.8pt;left:405.3pt">Illicit Colombian Drug Organizations” by Álvaro Camacho </p> +<p style="top:598.6pt;left:405.3pt">Guizado and Andrés López Restrepo, <i>Peace, Democracy, and </i></p> +<p style="top:612.3pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Human Rights in Colombia,</i> University of Notre Dame Press, </p> +<p style="top:626.1pt;left:405.3pt">2007. How the big cartels learned to decentralize and keep a </p> +<p style="top:639.8pt;left:405.3pt">low profile.</p> +<p style="top:662.6pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Hostage Nation—Colombia’s Guerrilla Army and the Failed </i></p> +<p style="top:676.3pt;left:405.3pt"><i>War on Drugs</i> by Victoria Bruce and Karin Hayes, with Jorge </p> +<p style="top:690.1pt;left:405.3pt">Enrique Botero, Alfred A. Knopf, 2010. The stories of the most </p> +<p style="top:703.8pt;left:405.3pt">famous FARC hostages of the Uribe period.</p> +<p style="top:726.6pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Colombia and the United States—War, Unrest and Destabiliza-</i></p> +<p style="top:740.3pt;left:405.3pt"><i>tion</i> by Mario A. Murillo, Seven Stories Press, 2003. Discus-</p> +<p style="top:754.1pt;left:405.3pt">sion of the development, nature, and capabilities of the AUC; </p> +<p style="top:767.8pt;left:405.3pt">sees Government design in the formation and tolerance of the </p> +<p style="top:781.6pt;left:405.3pt">paramilitaries.</p> +<p style="top:804.3pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Blood and Capital—The Paramilitarization of Colombia</i> by </p> +<p style="top:818.1pt;left:405.3pt">Jasmin Hristov, Ohio University Press, 2009. A catalogue of </p> +<p style="top:831.8pt;left:405.3pt">human rights abuses by AUC and Army, pinned herein on class </p> +<p style="top:845.6pt;left:405.3pt">interests and Government complicity.</p> +<p style="top:868.3pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Revolutionary Social Change in Colombia—The Origin and </i></p> +<p style="top:882.1pt;left:405.3pt"><i>Direction of the FARC-EP</i> by James J. Brittain, Pluto Press, </p> +<p style="top:895.8pt;left:405.3pt">2010. The Marxist view of the conflict and why FARC is </p> +<p style="top:909.6pt;left:405.3pt">destined to win.</p> +</div> + +<div id="page43" style="background-image:url('playbook43.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:695.3pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>43</b></p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:344.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:78.8pt;left:496.8pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#006d39">CREDITS</span></b></p> +<p style="top:105.8pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Game Design:</b> Volko Ruhnke</p> +<p style="top:128.5pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Development:</b> Joel Toppen</p> +<p style="top:151.2pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Art Director, Cover Art and Package De-</b></p> +<p style="top:165.0pt;left:496.8pt"><b>sign:</b> Rodger B. MacGowan</p> +<p style="top:184.4pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Map and Counters:</b> Chechu Nieto, Xavier </p> +<p style="top:198.1pt;left:496.8pt">Carrascosa</p> +<p style="top:220.9pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Cards:</b> Mark Simonitch and Chechu Nieto</p> +<p style="top:243.6pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Rules and Charts:</b> Mark Simonitch and </p> +<p style="top:257.4pt;left:496.8pt">Charles Kibler</p> +<p style="top:280.1pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Playtest:</b> <i>Solitaire Aces</i>—Steve Caler, James </p> +<p style="top:293.9pt;left:496.8pt">“Norbert” Stockdale, Todd Quinn; <i>2-Player </i></p> +<p style="top:307.6pt;left:496.8pt"><i>Remoras</i>—Jeremy Antley, Mike Owens; </p> +<p style="top:321.4pt;left:496.8pt"><i>3-Player Home Front</i>—Andrew Ruhnke, </p> +<p style="top:335.1pt;left:496.8pt">Daniel Ruhnke; <i>Cartels Kingpin</i>—Darién </p> +<p style="top:348.9pt;left:496.8pt">Fenoglio; <i>Team Bogotá</i>—Juan Francisco </p> +<p style="top:362.6pt;left:496.8pt">Torres; <i>Devil’s Advocates</i>—Jeff Baker, </p> +<p style="top:376.4pt;left:496.8pt">John Gitzen, Dan McGuire, Patrick Neary, </p> +<p style="top:390.1pt;left:496.8pt">Joel Tamburo; <i>Demo King</i>—Mark Mitchell; </p> +<p style="top:403.9pt;left:496.8pt"><i>Guerrilleros</i>—Paul Aceto, Wendell Al-</p> +<p style="top:417.6pt;left:496.8pt">bright, Mike Bertucelli, Jeff Grossman, Igor </p> +<p style="top:431.4pt;left:496.8pt">Horst, Michael Lessard, Fred Manzo, Tim </p> +<p style="top:445.1pt;left:496.8pt">Porter, Stéphane Renard, Martin Sample, </p> +<p style="top:458.9pt;left:496.8pt">Roger Taylor.</p> +<p style="top:481.6pt;left:496.8pt"><b>VASSAL Module:</b> Joel Toppen</p> +<p style="top:504.4pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Images:</b> 1st Division, Ospina & Mora, </p> +<p style="top:518.1pt;left:496.8pt">High Mountain Battalions, Plan Meteoro, </p> +<p style="top:531.9pt;left:496.8pt">Kill Zone, Soldados Campesinos, National </p> +<p style="top:545.6pt;left:496.8pt">Coordination Center, Carabineros—Tom </p> +<p style="top:559.4pt;left:496.8pt">Marks; Caño Limón-Coveñas—Sémhur; </p> +<p style="top:573.1pt;left:496.8pt">Occidental & Ecopetrol—Pedro Filipe; </p> +<p style="top:586.9pt;left:496.8pt">War Tax, Colombia Nueva —Julián Ortega </p> +<p style="top:600.6pt;left:496.8pt">Martínez & equinoXio; DoD Contractors—P </p> +<p style="top:614.4pt;left:496.8pt">Alejandro Diaz; Gramaje—Luis Acosta; </p> +<p style="top:628.1pt;left:496.8pt">Hugo Chávez—Presidencia Argentina; </p> +<p style="top:641.9pt;left:496.8pt">Peace Commission—Germán Cabrejo; </p> +<p style="top:655.6pt;left:496.8pt">Secuestrados—Paola Vargas & equinoXio; </p> +<p style="top:669.4pt;left:496.8pt">Former Military—TerceraInformacion.</p> +<p style="top:683.1pt;left:496.8pt">es; Calima Front—La FM; Senado & Cá-</p> +<p style="top:696.9pt;left:496.8pt">mara—Leandro Neumann Ciuffo; Pinto & </p> +<p style="top:710.6pt;left:496.8pt">del Rosario—Louise Wolff; Unión Sindical </p> +<p style="top:724.4pt;left:496.8pt">Obrera—Mennonot; Bloques—Silvia An-</p> +<p style="top:738.1pt;left:496.8pt">drea Moreno; Castaño—Socialist Worker; </p> +<p style="top:751.9pt;left:496.8pt">Criminal Air Force—Mabadia71; Deserters </p> +<p style="top:765.6pt;left:496.8pt">& Defectors—John Jairo Bonilla; Drogas </p> +<p style="top:779.4pt;left:496.8pt">La Rebaja—jthadeo; Amazonía—Navy of </p> +<p style="top:793.1pt;left:496.8pt">Brazil; Narco-War—F3rn4nd0; Cocaine </p> +<p style="top:806.9pt;left:496.8pt">Labs—Valter Campanato ABr; Tingo </p> +<p style="top:820.6pt;left:496.8pt">María—H Zell; Darién—Christian Ziegler; </p> +<p style="top:834.4pt;left:496.8pt">Sicarios—Luis Pérez.</p> +<p style="top:857.1pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Production Coordination:</b> Tony Curtis</p> +<p style="top:879.9pt;left:496.8pt"><b>Producers:</b> Tony Curtis, Rodger Mac-</p> +<p style="top:893.6pt;left:496.8pt">Gowan, Andy Lewis, Gene Billingsley and </p> +<p style="top:907.4pt;left:496.8pt">Mark Simonitch</p> +<p style="top:107.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:123.2pt;left:56.2pt">1. 1st Division</p> +<p style="top:137.0pt;left:56.2pt">2. Ospina & Mora</p> +<p style="top:150.7pt;left:56.2pt">3. Tapias</p> +<p style="top:168.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:184.2pt;left:56.2pt">4. Caño Limón - Coveñas</p> +<p style="top:198.0pt;left:56.2pt">5. Occidental & Ecopetrol</p> +<p style="top:211.7pt;left:56.2pt">6. Oil Spill</p> +<p style="top:229.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:245.2pt;left:56.2pt">7. 7th Special Forces</p> +<p style="top:259.0pt;left:56.2pt">8. Fuerza Aérea Colombiana</p> +<p style="top:272.7pt;left:56.2pt">9. High Mountain Battalions</p> +<p style="top:290.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:306.2pt;left:56.2pt">10. Blackhawks</p> +<p style="top:320.0pt;left:56.2pt">11. National Defense & Security Council</p> +<p style="top:333.7pt;left:56.2pt">12. Plan Colombia</p> +<p style="top:351.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:367.2pt;left:56.2pt">13. Plan Meteoro</p> +<p style="top:381.0pt;left:56.2pt">14. Tres Esquinas </p> +<p style="top:394.7pt;left:56.2pt">15. War Tax</p> +<p style="top:412.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:428.2pt;left:56.2pt">16. Coffee Prices</p> +<p style="top:442.0pt;left:56.2pt">17. Madrid Donors</p> +<p style="top:455.7pt;left:56.2pt">18. NSPD-18</p> +<p style="top:473.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:489.2pt;left:56.2pt">19. General Offensive</p> +<p style="top:503.0pt;left:56.2pt">20. Mono Jojoy<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:516.7pt;left:56.2pt">21. Raúl Reyes<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:531.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:548.0pt;left:56.2pt">22. Alfonso Cano</p> +<p style="top:561.7pt;left:56.2pt">23. DoD Contractors </p> +<p style="top:575.5pt;left:56.2pt">24. Operación Jaque</p> +<p style="top:592.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:609.0pt;left:56.2pt">25. Ejército de Liberación Nacional<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:622.7pt;left:56.2pt">26. Gramaje<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:636.5pt;left:56.2pt">27. Misil Antiaéreo</p> +<p style="top:653.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:670.0pt;left:56.2pt">28. Hugo Chávez</p> +<p style="top:683.7pt;left:56.2pt">29. Kill Zone</p> +<p style="top:697.5pt;left:56.2pt">30. Peace Commission<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:714.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:731.0pt;left:56.2pt">31. Betancourt</p> +<p style="top:744.7pt;left:56.2pt">32. Secuestrados<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:758.5pt;left:56.2pt">33. Sucumbíos</p> +<p style="top:775.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:792.0pt;left:56.2pt">34. Airdropped AKs</p> +<p style="top:805.7pt;left:56.2pt">35. Crop Substitution </p> +<p style="top:819.5pt;left:56.2pt">36. Zona de Convivencia</p> +<p style="top:107.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:123.2pt;left:279.4pt">37. Former Military<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:137.0pt;left:279.4pt">38. National Coordination Center<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:150.7pt;left:279.4pt">39. Soldados campesinos </p> +<p style="top:168.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:184.2pt;left:279.4pt">40. Demobilization</p> +<p style="top:198.0pt;left:279.4pt">41. Mancuso<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:211.7pt;left:279.4pt">42. Senado & Cámara</p> +<p style="top:229.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span></b></p> +<p style="top:245.2pt;left:279.4pt">43. Calima Front</p> +<p style="top:259.0pt;left:279.4pt">44. Colombia Nueva</p> +<p style="top:272.7pt;left:279.4pt">45. Los Derechos Humanos</p> +<p style="top:290.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:306.2pt;left:279.4pt">46. Limpieza</p> +<p style="top:320.0pt;left:279.4pt">47. Pinto & del Rosario<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:333.7pt;left:279.4pt">48. Unión Sindical Obrera</p> +<p style="top:351.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:367.2pt;left:279.4pt">49. Bloques<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:381.0pt;left:279.4pt">50. Carabineros</p> +<p style="top:394.7pt;left:279.4pt">51. Pipeline Repairs</p> +<p style="top:412.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:428.2pt;left:279.4pt">52. Castaño<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:442.0pt;left:279.4pt">53. Criminal Air Force</p> +<p style="top:455.7pt;left:279.4pt">54. Deserters & Defectors</p> +<p style="top:473.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:489.2pt;left:279.4pt">55. DEA Agents</p> +<p style="top:503.0pt;left:279.4pt">56. Drogas La Rebaja<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:516.7pt;left:279.4pt">57. Op Millennium</p> +<p style="top:534.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:550.2pt;left:279.4pt">58. General Serrano</p> +<p style="top:564.0pt;left:279.4pt">59. Salcedo<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:577.7pt;left:279.4pt">60. The Chess Player</p> +<p style="top:595.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span></b></p> +<p style="top:611.2pt;left:279.4pt">61. Air Bridge<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:625.0pt;left:279.4pt">62. Amazonía<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:638.7pt;left:279.4pt">63. Narco-War<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:656.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:672.2pt;left:279.4pt">64. Cocaine Labs<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:686.0pt;left:279.4pt">65. Poppies</p> +<p style="top:699.7pt;left:279.4pt">66. Tingo María<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:717.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span></b></p> +<p style="top:733.2pt;left:279.4pt">67. Mexican Traffickers</p> +<p style="top:747.0pt;left:279.4pt">68. Narco-Subs<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:760.7pt;left:279.4pt">69. Riverines & Fast Boats</p> +<p style="top:778.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b><span style="color:#00894a">C</span><span style="color:#e7b91f">A</span><span style="color:#ec1c23">F</span><span style="color:#0070bb">G</span></b></p> +<p style="top:794.2pt;left:279.4pt">70. Ayahuasca Tourism</p> +<p style="top:808.0pt;left:279.4pt">71. Darién</p> +<p style="top:821.7pt;left:279.4pt">72. Sicarios<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:841.1pt;left:279.4pt">73-76. Propaganda!</p> +<p style="top:71.0pt;left:216.0pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">CARD LIST</span></b></p> +</div> + +<div id="page44" style="background-image:url('playbook44.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>44</b></p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:346.8pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:891.1pt;left:331.7pt;font-size:12.5pt"><b>GMT Games, LLC</b></p> +<p style="top:905.6pt;left:289.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308</p> +<p style="top:919.1pt;left:330.1pt;font-size:11.2pt">www.GMTGames.com</p> +<p style="top:71.0pt;left:327.4pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b><span style="color:#ffffff">SPACES LIST</span></b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Cities </b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:225.0pt"><b> </b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:240.1pt"><b>Pop</b></p> +<p style="top:126.2pt;left:56.2pt">Bogotá & Villavicencio . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:126.2pt;left:247.0pt">8</p> +<p style="top:145.6pt;left:56.2pt">Cali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:145.6pt;left:247.0pt">3</p> +<p style="top:165.0pt;left:56.2pt">Medellín. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:165.0pt;left:247.0pt">3</p> +<p style="top:184.3pt;left:56.2pt">Bucaramanga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:184.3pt;left:247.0pt">2</p> +<p style="top:203.7pt;left:56.2pt">Ibagué & Pereira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:203.7pt;left:247.0pt">2</p> +<p style="top:223.1pt;left:56.2pt">Santa Marta & Barranquilla. . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:223.1pt;left:247.0pt">2</p> +<p style="top:242.5pt;left:56.2pt">Cartagena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:242.5pt;left:247.0pt">1</p> +<p style="top:261.8pt;left:56.2pt">Cúcuta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:261.8pt;left:247.0pt">1</p> +<p style="top:281.2pt;left:56.2pt">Neiva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:281.2pt;left:247.0pt">1</p> +<p style="top:300.6pt;left:56.2pt">Pasto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:300.6pt;left:247.0pt">1</p> +<p style="top:320.0pt;left:56.2pt">Sincelejo & Montería. . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:320.0pt;left:247.0pt">1</p> +<p style="top:339.3pt;left:56.2pt"><b>Total Population: 25</b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:279.4pt"><b>Departments </b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:425.7pt"><b>Type </b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:463.2pt"><b>Pop</b></p> +<p style="top:126.2pt;left:279.4pt">Antioquia - Bolívar . . . . . . . . .Mtn. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:145.6pt;left:279.4pt">Huila - Tolima . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mtn. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:165.0pt;left:279.4pt">Santander - Boyacá . . . . . . . . .Mtn. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:184.3pt;left:279.4pt">Arauca - Casanare . . . . . . . . . Grass . . .1</p> +<p style="top:203.7pt;left:279.4pt">Atlántico - Magdalena . . . . . .Forest. . .1</p> +<p style="top:223.1pt;left:279.4pt">Cesar - La Guajira . . . . . . . . . .Mtn. . . .1</p> +<p style="top:242.5pt;left:279.4pt">Chocó - Córdoba . . . . . . . . . .Forest. . .1</p> +<p style="top:261.8pt;left:279.4pt">Guaviare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Forest. . .1</p> +<p style="top:281.2pt;left:279.4pt">Meta East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grass . . .1</p> +<p style="top:300.6pt;left:279.4pt">Meta West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Forest. . .1</p> +<p style="top:320.0pt;left:279.4pt">Nariño - Cauca. . . . . . . . . . . .Forest. . .1</p> +<p style="top:339.3pt;left:279.4pt">Putumayo - Caquetá . . . . . . .Forest. . .1</p> +<p style="top:358.7pt;left:279.4pt">Amazonas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Forest. . .0</p> +<p style="top:378.1pt;left:279.4pt">Guainía. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Forest. . .0</p> +<p style="top:397.5pt;left:279.4pt">Vaupés . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Forest. . .0</p> +<p style="top:416.8pt;left:279.4pt">Vichada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grass . . .0</p> +<p style="top:436.2pt;left:279.4pt"><b>Total Population: 15</b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:502.5pt"><b>Lines of Communication </b></p> +<p style="top:106.8pt;left:648.8pt"><b>Type Econ</b></p> +<p style="top:126.2pt;left:502.5pt">Arauca - Cúcuta . . . . . . . . . . . Pipe. . . .3</p> +<p style="top:145.6pt;left:502.5pt">Cúcuta - Ayacucho . . . . . . . . . Pipe. . . .3</p> +<p style="top:165.0pt;left:502.5pt">Ayachucho - Sincelejo . . . . . . Pipe. . . .3</p> +<p style="top:184.3pt;left:502.5pt">Bucaramanga - Ayacucho. . . . Pipe. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:203.7pt;left:502.5pt">Ayacucho - Barranquilla . . . . Pipe. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:223.1pt;left:502.5pt">Medellín - Sincelejo. . . . . . . . Pipe . . .2</p> +<p style="top:242.5pt;left:502.5pt">Neiva - Bogotá. . . . . . . . . . . . Pipe. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:261.8pt;left:502.5pt">Yopal - Bogotá . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipe. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:281.2pt;left:502.5pt">Bogotá-Ibagué-Bucaramanga Pipe. . . .2</p> +<p style="top:300.6pt;left:502.5pt">Cartagena - Sincelejo. . . . . . . Pipe. . . .1</p> +<p style="top:320.0pt;left:502.5pt">Medellín - Ibagué. . . . . . . . . . Pipe. . . .1</p> +<p style="top:339.3pt;left:502.5pt">Ibagué - Cali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipe. . . .1</p> +<p style="top:358.7pt;left:502.5pt">Cali - Buenaventura . . . . . . . . Pipe. . . .1</p> +<p style="top:378.1pt;left:502.5pt">Cartagena - Barranquilla . . . . Road . . .1</p> +<p style="top:397.5pt;left:502.5pt">Bogotá - San José. . . . . . . . . . Road . . .1</p> +<p style="top:416.8pt;left:502.5pt">Cali - Pasto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Road . . .1</p> +<p style="top:436.2pt;left:502.5pt">Neiva - Pasto . . . . . . . . . . . . . Road . . .1</p> +<p style="top:455.6pt;left:502.5pt">Pasto - Tumaco. . . . . . . . . . . . Road . . .1</p> +<p style="top:475.0pt;left:502.5pt"><b>Total Economic Value: 30</b></p> +</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/info/playbook1.jpg b/info/playbook1.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ccb0dbf --- /dev/null +++ b/info/playbook1.jpg diff --git a/info/playbook1.png b/info/playbook1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d65af8 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/playbook1.png diff --git a/info/playbook15.jpg b/info/playbook15.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..d40f9b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/playbook15.jpg diff --git a/info/playbook15.png b/info/playbook15.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f8033ce --- /dev/null +++ b/info/playbook15.png diff --git a/info/playbook16.jpg b/info/playbook16.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b33a615 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/playbook16.jpg diff --git a/info/playbook16.png b/info/playbook16.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 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+<title>Andean Abyss - Rulebook</title> +<link rel="stylesheet" href="/fonts/fonts.css"> +<style> +body{background-color:slategray} +div{position:relative;background-color:white;margin:1em auto;box-shadow:1px 1px 8px -2px black} +p{position:absolute;white-space:pre;margin:0} +p{font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif;line-height:1em;font-size:12.5pt} +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div id="page1" style="background-image:url('rulebook1.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:674.3pt;left:124.5pt;font-size:52.5pt">R U L E S O F P L AY</p> +<p style="top:652.8pt;left:332.8pt;font-size:13.8pt"><b>SECOND EDITION</b></p> +<p style="top:728.8pt;left:339.0pt">by Volko Ruhnke</p> +<p style="top:770.8pt;left:288.6pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S</b></p> + +<p style="top:794.1pt;left:79.7pt"><a href="#page2">1. Introduction</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:814.8pt;left:79.7pt"><a href="#page5">2. Sequence of Play</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:835.4pt;left:79.7pt"><a href="#page6">3. Operations</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:856.0pt;left:79.7pt"><a href="#page8">4. Special Activities</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:876.6pt;left:79.7pt"><a href="#page10">5. Events</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:794.1pt;left:394.6pt"><a href="#page10">6. Propaganda Rounds</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:814.8pt;left:394.6pt"><a href="#page12">7. Victory</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:835.4pt;left:394.6pt;color:gray">8. Non-Player Factions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:856.0pt;left:394.6pt"><a href="#page19">Key Terms Index</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> +<p style="top:876.6pt;left:394.6pt"><a href="#page20">Available Forces</a> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p> + +<p style="top:794.1pt;right:400pt">2</p> +<p style="top:814.8pt;right:400pt">5</p> +<p style="top:835.4pt;right:400pt">6</p> +<p style="top:856.0pt;right:400pt">8</p> +<p style="top:876.6pt;right:400pt">10</p> +<p style="top:794.1pt;right:85pt">10</p> +<p style="top:814.8pt;right:85pt">12</p> +<p style="top:835.4pt;right:85pt;color:gray">12</p> +<p style="top:856.0pt;right:85pt">19</p> +<p style="top:876.6pt;right:85pt">20</p> + +<p style="top:933.2pt;left:161.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">© 2018 GMT Games, LLC • P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 • www.GMTGames.com</p> +</div> +<div id="page2" style="background-image:url('rulebook2.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt">2</p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:348.0pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b>1.0 INTRODUCTION</b></p> +<p style="top:91.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Andean Abyss</i> is a 1-4-player game depicting insurgent and </p> +<p style="top:106.6pt;left:56.2pt">counterinsurgent (COIN) conflict in Colombia during the 1990s </p> +<p style="top:121.6pt;left:56.2pt">and early 2000s. Each player takes the role of a Faction seek-</p> +<p style="top:136.6pt;left:56.2pt">ing to run Colombian affairs: the Government (Govt) or 1 of 3 </p> +<p style="top:151.6pt;left:56.2pt">Insurgent Factions—the Marxist FARC, the right-wing AUC </p> +<p style="top:166.6pt;left:56.2pt">“paramilitaries”, or the narco-trafficking Cartels. Using military, </p> +<p style="top:181.6pt;left:56.2pt">political, and economic actions and exploiting various events, </p> +<p style="top:196.6pt;left:56.2pt">players build and maneuver forces to influence the population, </p> +<p style="top:211.6pt;left:56.2pt">extract resources, or otherwise achieve their Faction’s aims. A </p> +<p style="top:226.6pt;left:56.2pt">deck of cards regulates turn order, events, victory checks, and </p> +<p style="top:241.6pt;left:56.2pt">other processes. The rules can run non-player Factions, enabling </p> +<p style="top:256.6pt;left:56.2pt">solitaire, 2-player, or multi-player games.</p> +<p style="top:280.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Andean Abyss</i> is the inaugural volume in the COIN Series of </p> +<p style="top:295.6pt;left:56.2pt">games that use similar rules to cover a variety of insurgencies and </p> +<p style="top:310.6pt;left:56.2pt">other inter-factional conflicts. This Second Edition extensively </p> +<p style="top:325.6pt;left:56.2pt">alters and augments rules and play aids throughout to bring this </p> +<p style="top:340.6pt;left:56.2pt">volume up to date within the Series. Updated cards are marked </p> +<p style="top:355.6pt;left:56.2pt">“2nd Ed”.</p> +<p style="top:379.6pt;left:56.2pt">This rule book lists and defines key game terms in an index on </p> +<p style="top:394.6pt;left:56.2pt">pages 19-20. The most important game functions are summarized </p> +<p style="top:409.6pt;left:56.2pt">on several aid sheets. Game setup is explained on the flip side of </p> +<p style="top:424.6pt;left:56.2pt">the Sequence of Play aid sheet. </p> +<p style="top:451.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>1.1 General Course of Play</b></p> +<p style="top:468.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Andean Abyss</i>—unlike most card-assisted war games—does not </p> +<p style="top:483.4pt;left:56.2pt">use hands of cards. Instead, cards are played from the deck one at </p> +<p style="top:498.4pt;left:56.2pt">time, with one card ahead revealed to all players. Each Event card </p> +<p style="top:513.4pt;left:56.2pt">shows the order in which the Factions become Eligible to choose </p> +<p style="top:528.4pt;left:56.2pt">between the card’s Event or one of a menu of Operations and </p> +<p style="top:543.4pt;left:56.2pt">Special Activities. Executing an Event or Operation carries the </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">penalty of rendering that Faction Ineligible to do so on the next </p> +<p style="top:81.9pt;left:393.8pt">card. Propaganda cards mixed in with the Event cards provide </p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:393.8pt">periodic opportunities for instant wins and for activities such as </p> +<p style="top:111.9pt;left:393.8pt">collecting resources and influencing popular sympathies.</p> +<p style="top:138.6pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>1.2 Components</b></p> +<p style="top:155.6pt;left:393.8pt">A complete set of <i>Andean Abyss</i> includes:</p> +<p style="top:175.1pt;left:393.8pt">• A 22”x34” mounted game board.</p> +<p style="top:193.7pt;left:393.8pt">• A deck of 76 cards.</p> +<p style="top:212.3pt;left:393.8pt">• 153 dark and light blue, red, green, and yellow wooden forces </p> +<p style="top:227.3pt;left:405.0pt">pieces, some embossed (1.4; see “Available Forces” on the rule </p> +<p style="top:242.3pt;left:405.0pt">book’s back for a complete listing).</p> +<p style="top:260.9pt;left:393.8pt">• 8 cylinders, embossed (1.7, 2.2).</p> +<p style="top:279.5pt;left:393.8pt">• 6 black and 6 white pawns (3.1.1).</p> +<p style="top:298.1pt;left:393.8pt">• A sheet of markers.</p> +<p style="top:316.7pt;left:393.8pt">• 2 Sequence of Play and Setup sheets.</p> +<p style="top:335.3pt;left:393.8pt">• 4 Faction player aid foldouts.</p> +<p style="top:353.9pt;left:393.8pt">• 1 Non-player Insurgents flowcharts foldout.</p> +<p style="top:372.5pt;left:393.8pt">• 1 Non-player aid foldout with Government flowchart.</p> +<p style="top:391.1pt;left:393.8pt">• 3 6-sided dice: 1 red, 1 yellow, 1 green.</p> +<p style="top:409.7pt;left:393.8pt">• A background Playbook.</p> +<p style="top:428.3pt;left:393.8pt">• This rule book.</p> +<p style="top:455.1pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>1.3 The Map</b></p> +<p style="top:472.1pt;left:393.8pt">The map shows the country of Colombia divided into various </p> +<p style="top:487.1pt;left:393.8pt">types of spaces, as well as parts of neighboring countries.</p> +<p style="top:507.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>1.3.1 Map Spaces.</b> Map spaces include rural Departments </p> +<p style="top:522.7pt;left:393.8pt">(Depts), urban Cities, and Lines of Communication (LoCs) </p> +<p style="top:537.7pt;left:393.8pt">between them. All spaces—including LoCs—can hold forces. </p> +<p style="top:621.5pt;left:122.7pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Mountain Department</i></b></p> +<p style="top:635.0pt;left:199.1pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>(Dept)</i></b></p> +<p style="top:668.8pt;left:119.8pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Line of Communication</i></b></p> +<p style="top:682.3pt;left:184.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>(Pipeline)</i></b></p> +<p style="top:712.5pt;left:210.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>City</i></b></p> +<p style="top:765.9pt;left:121.7pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Grassland Department</i></b></p> +<p style="top:799.8pt;left:140.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Forest Department</i></b></p> +<p style="top:626.1pt;left:559.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Town</i></b></p> +<p style="top:649.8pt;left:559.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Department Boundary</i></b></p> +<p style="top:710.4pt;left:559.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Department Name</i></b></p> +<p style="top:754.8pt;left:559.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Population Value</i></b></p> +<p style="top:773.9pt;left:559.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Place bases here</i></b></p> +<p style="top:796.0pt;left:559.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>At Start set up</i></b></p> +<p style="top:815.2pt;left:559.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Line of Communication</i></b></p> +<p style="top:828.7pt;left:559.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>(Road)</i></b></p> +<p style="top:872.9pt;left:559.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Place Terror markers here</i></b></p> +<p style="top:892.1pt;left:559.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Place Support and Opposition </i></b></p> +<p style="top:905.6pt;left:559.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>markers here</i></b></p> +</div> +<div id="page3" style="background-image:url('rulebook3.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:702.8pt">3</p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:346.0pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>1.3.2 Departments.</b> Each Department shows a Population value </p> +<p style="top:81.9pt;left:56.2pt">(Pop) of 0, 1, or 2 that affects victory via Support for or Oppo-</p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:56.2pt">sition to the Government (1.6) and some Insurgent Operations </p> +<p style="top:111.9pt;left:56.2pt">(3.3). Departments are further distinguished by terrain as Tropical </p> +<p style="top:126.9pt;left:56.2pt">Forest (Forest), Mountain, or Grassland, affecting some COIN </p> +<p style="top:141.9pt;left:56.2pt">Operations (3.2) and Events (5.0).</p> +<p style="top:165.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>1.3.3 Cities.</b> Each City similarly shows a Population value of 1 </p> +<p style="top:180.9pt;left:56.2pt">to 8 (each Population value representing a million Colombians).</p> +<p style="top:204.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>1.3.4 LoCs. </b>Each Line of Communication (LoC) shows an Eco-</p> +<p style="top:219.9pt;left:56.2pt">nomic value (Econ) of 1 to 3 that affects Government Resources </p> +<p style="top:234.9pt;left:56.2pt">(1.7). LoCs are further distinguished as Roads or Pipelines. </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:56.2pt">Pipelines tend to have higher Economic value and affect certain </p> +<p style="top:264.9pt;left:56.2pt">Events.</p> +<p style="top:288.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>DESIGN NOTE: LoCs also represent other transportation ar-</i></p> +<p style="top:303.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>teries and infrastructure such as power lines that parallel roads </i></p> +<p style="top:318.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>and pipelines.</i></p> +<p style="top:342.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>1.3.5 Foreign Countries.</b> The map includes parts of Brazil (Bra-</p> +<p style="top:357.9pt;left:56.2pt">sil), Ecuador, Panamá, Perú, and Venezuela. They are not spaces </p> +<p style="top:372.9pt;left:56.2pt">(1.3.1) unless and until specified by Event (5.0). </p> +<p style="top:393.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>EXAMPLE: The “Darién” Event renders Panamá a 0 Population </i></p> +<p style="top:408.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Forest Department for all purposes, except that Sweep Opera-</i></p> +<p style="top:423.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>tions do not Activate Guerrillas there (3.2.3).</i></p> +<p style="top:444.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>NOTE: Venezuela is next to Guainía but not Vaupés, affecting </i></p> +<p style="top:459.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>the “Hugo Chávez” Event.</i></p> +<p style="top:483.1pt;left:56.2pt"><b>1.3.6 Adjacency.</b> Adjacency affects the movement of forces and </p> +<p style="top:498.1pt;left:56.2pt">implementation of certain Events. Any 2 spaces meeting one of </p> +<p style="top:513.1pt;left:56.2pt">the following conditions are adjacent:</p> +<p style="top:339.7pt;left:393.8pt">• Spaces that border on (touch) one another.</p> +<p style="top:354.7pt;left:393.8pt">• Departments separated by LoCs.</p> +<p style="top:369.7pt;left:393.8pt">• LoCs or Departments separated by Towns.</p> +<p style="top:393.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>NOTE: Towns are not spaces; they merely separate LoCs or </i></p> +<p style="top:408.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Departments. </i></p> +<p style="top:432.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>1.3.7 Coasts.</b> Spaces adjacent to blue areas are coastal, affecting </p> +<p style="top:447.7pt;left:393.8pt">the “Narco-Subs” Event.</p> +<p style="top:474.5pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>1.4 Forces</b></p> +<p style="top:491.5pt;left:393.8pt">The wooden pieces represent the Factions’ various forces: Gov-</p> +<p style="top:506.5pt;left:393.8pt">ernment Troops (dark-blue cubes) and Police (light-blue cubes), </p> +<p style="top:521.5pt;left:393.8pt">Insurgent Guerrillas, and all Factions’ Bases. </p> +<p style="top:635.5pt;left:66.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Government Cubes:</i></b></p> +<p style="top:703.0pt;left:133.8pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>FARC</i></b></p> +<p style="top:716.5pt;left:109.7pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Guerrillas:</i></b></p> +<p style="top:776.2pt;left:128.7pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Bases:</i></b></p> +<p style="top:660.9pt;left:188.6pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Troops</i></b></p> +<p style="top:660.9pt;left:282.3pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Police</i></b></p> +<p style="top:737.5pt;left:172.7pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Underground</i></b></p> +<p style="top:737.5pt;left:281.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Active</i></b></p> +<p style="top:800.2pt;left:331.3pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>AUC</i></b></p> +<p style="top:800.2pt;left:171.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Cartels</i></b></p> +<p style="top:644.2pt;left:405.7pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Use to mark City and</i></b></p> +<p style="top:656.7pt;left:395.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Department Control (1.8)</i></b></p> +<p style="top:644.2pt;left:528.7pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Use to mark FARC Zones</i></b></p> +<p style="top:656.7pt;left:570.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>(6.4.4)</i></b></p> +<p style="top:644.2pt;left:658.1pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Govt Capa-</i></b></p> +<p style="top:657.7pt;left:669.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>bilities</i></b></p> +<p style="top:744.2pt;left:436.8pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Use on the Edge Track:</i></b></p> +<p style="top:756.7pt;left:414.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Victory-related and Aid markers</i></b></p> +<p style="top:744.2pt;left:612.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Use on the Propa-</i></b></p> +<p style="top:757.7pt;left:624.6pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>ganda Track</i></b></p> +<p style="top:831.0pt;left:441.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Support and Opposition markers</i></b></p> +<p style="top:843.5pt;left:503.3pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>(1.6.2)</i></b></p> +<p style="top:829.2pt;left:668.3pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Terror</i></b></p> +<p style="top:841.7pt;left:667.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>(3.3.4)</i></b></p> +<p style="top:908.2pt;left:480.9pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Event Reminder</i></b></p> +<p style="top:920.7pt;left:498.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>markers</i></b></p> +<p style="top:908.2pt;left:659.7pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Sabotage</i></b></p> +<p style="top:921.7pt;left:667.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>(3.3.4)</i></b></p> +<p style="top:916.9pt;left:107.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Drug Shipment</i></b></p> +<p style="top:916.9pt;left:235.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Overflow marker</i></b></p> +<p style="top:596.2pt;left:172.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>TYPES OF FORCES</i></b></p> +<p style="top:270.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>ADJACENCY EXAMPLE: The 4 Departments and 4 LoCs around </i></p> +<p style="top:285.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>the Town of Ayacucho are all adjacent to each other because they </i></p> +<p style="top:300.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>are separated by a Town. Antioquia and the Forest Department </i></p> +<p style="top:315.2pt;left:393.8pt"><i>to the west are adjacent because they are separated by a LoC. </i></p> +<p style="top:800.2pt;left:279.1pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>FARC</i></b></p> +<p style="top:800.2pt;left:220.6pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Govern-</i></b></p> +<p style="top:812.7pt;left:227.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>ment</i></b></p> +</div> +<div id="page4" style="background-image:url('rulebook4.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt">4</p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:348.0pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">• With 3 players, AUC runs the Cartels.</p> +<p style="top:85.5pt;left:393.8pt">• With 2 players, Government runs AUC; FARC runs the Cartels. </p> +<p style="top:104.1pt;left:393.8pt">A player running two Factions uses the lower victory margin of </p> +<p style="top:119.1pt;left:393.8pt">the two (7.1-.3) and only causes play to end on a victory check </p> +<p style="top:134.1pt;left:393.8pt">(6.1) if both Factions are meeting their conditions. Players may </p> +<p style="top:149.1pt;left:393.8pt">not voluntarily transfer (1.5.2) between their own Factions.</p> +<p style="top:173.1pt;left:403.8pt"><b>Non-Player Option:</b> If playing solitaire, or as an alternative </p> +<p style="top:188.1pt;left:403.8pt">to the above with two or three players, use the Non-player </p> +<p style="top:203.1pt;left:403.8pt">rules in section 8 to govern leftover Factions:</p> +<p style="top:229.3pt;left:393.8pt"><b>1.5.2 Negotiation.</b> Players may make any mutual arrangements </p> +<p style="top:244.3pt;left:393.8pt">within the rules but may voluntarily transfer only Resources (1.7) </p> +<p style="top:259.3pt;left:393.8pt">or Shipments (4.5.3) and only during either’s execution by the </p> +<p style="top:274.3pt;left:393.8pt">Sequence of Play (2.3.4) of an Operation or Event. All negoti-</p> +<p style="top:289.3pt;left:393.8pt">ations are open. The rules do not bind players to agreements.</p> +<p style="top:316.1pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>1.6 Support and Opposition </b></p> +<p style="top:333.1pt;left:393.8pt">Support and Opposition affect victory and some Operations. </p> +<p style="top:357.1pt;left:393.8pt"><b>1.6.1</b> Cities and Departments with at least 1 Population (1.3.2-3) </p> +<p style="top:372.1pt;left:393.8pt">always show 1 of 5 levels of its populace’s Support for or Oppo-</p> +<p style="top:387.1pt;left:393.8pt">sition to the Government that can shift during play: </p> +<p style="top:406.6pt;left:393.8pt">• Active Support.</p> +<p style="top:421.6pt;left:393.8pt">• Passive Support.</p> +<p style="top:436.6pt;left:393.8pt">• Neutral.</p> +<p style="top:451.6pt;left:393.8pt">• Passive Opposition.</p> +<p style="top:466.6pt;left:393.8pt">• Active Opposition.</p> +<p style="top:490.6pt;left:393.8pt"><b>1.6.2</b> Show Active or Passive Support or Opposition with mark-</p> +<p style="top:505.6pt;left:393.8pt">ers placed in each City or Department. Show Neutral spaces by </p> +<p style="top:520.6pt;left:393.8pt">the absence of such markers. Active Support/Opposition counts </p> +<p style="top:535.6pt;left:393.8pt">double for Total Support/Opposition (1.6.3). </p> +<p style="top:615.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>NOTE: LoCs (1.3.4) and Population 0 Departments never hold </i></p> +<p style="top:630.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Support or Opposition markers (they are always Neutral). </i></p> +<p style="top:654.5pt;left:504.0pt"><b>1.6.3</b> <b>Total Support and Total Opposi-</b></p> +<p style="top:669.5pt;left:504.0pt"><b>tion. </b>Government or FARC victory de-</p> +<p style="top:684.5pt;left:504.0pt">pends on the total value of population </p> +<p style="top:699.5pt;left:504.0pt">Support or Opposition (plus FARC Bases, </p> +<p style="top:714.5pt;left:393.8pt">7.2), respectively. Adjust “Total Support” or “Opposi-</p> +<p style="top:729.5pt;left:393.8pt">tion + Bases” on the numbered edge track per the box </p> +<p style="top:744.5pt;left:393.8pt">below as any change to Support, Opposition, or the </p> +<p style="top:759.5pt;left:393.8pt">number of FARC Bases occurs.</p> +<p style="top:784.8pt;left:400.0pt"><b>Total Support and Opposition Equations</b></p> +<p style="top:805.4pt;left:400.0pt"><b>Total Support equals:</b></p> +<p style="top:820.6pt;left:400.0pt;font-size:12.3pt">(2 x Population in Active Support) + (1 x Population in Passive </p> +<p style="top:835.6pt;left:400.0pt;font-size:12.3pt">Support)</p> +<p style="top:856.1pt;left:400.0pt"><b>Total Opposition equals:</b></p> +<p style="top:871.1pt;left:400.0pt">(2 x Population in Active Opposition) + (1 x Population in </p> +<p style="top:886.1pt;left:400.0pt">Passive Opposition)</p> +<p style="top:906.7pt;left:400.0pt"><b>Opposition + Bases equals:</b></p> +<p style="top:921.7pt;left:400.0pt">Total Opposition + The number of FARC Bases on the map</p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>DESIGN NOTE: Bases represent not only training and bivouac </i></p> +<p style="top:81.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>facilities but also, for the Insurgents, political administration as </i></p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>well as coca or poppy fields and processing labs.</i></p> +<p style="top:120.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>PLAY NOTE: Use “Overflow” boxes for Forces that exceed the </i></p> +<p style="top:135.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>room in a City or smaller Department on the map; place the </i></p> +<p style="top:150.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>corresponding Overflow marker in that space.</i></p> +<p style="top:174.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>1.4.1 Availability and Removal. </b>The inventory shown on the </p> +<p style="top:189.9pt;left:56.2pt">“Available Forces” chart on the back of this rule book limits the </p> +<p style="top:204.9pt;left:56.2pt">number of pieces that may be in play. Keep forces not on the </p> +<p style="top:219.9pt;left:56.2pt">map in the Available Forces holding areas. (Place Bases in the </p> +<p style="top:234.9pt;left:56.2pt">highest-numbered empty circles, revealing the number of on-map </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:56.2pt">Bases to help track victory, 7.0)</p> +<p style="top:269.4pt;left:56.2pt">• Forces may only be placed from or replaced with those avail-</p> +<p style="top:284.4pt;left:67.5pt">able in the holding areas—ignore any instructions to place </p> +<p style="top:299.4pt;left:67.5pt">forces if the appropriate type is not available because all are </p> +<p style="top:314.4pt;left:67.5pt">already on the map (remove rather than replace such pieces; </p> +<p style="top:329.4pt;left:67.5pt">see also next bullet).</p> +<p style="top:347.1pt;left:56.2pt">• <b><i>Important:</i></b> A player Faction while executing an Operation or </p> +<p style="top:362.1pt;left:67.5pt">Event by the Sequence of Play (2.3.4, 3.0, 5.0), may remove </p> +<p style="top:377.1pt;left:67.5pt">its own pieces to Available Forces. <i>EXAMPLE: Insurgents </i></p> +<p style="top:392.1pt;left:67.5pt"><i>without Available Guerrillas could remove Guerrillas during </i></p> +<p style="top:407.1pt;left:67.5pt"><i>a Rally (3.3.1) in order to place them Underground.</i> </p> +<p style="top:424.8pt;left:56.2pt">• Once an enemy Faction is targeted, removal or Activation </p> +<p style="top:439.8pt;left:67.5pt">of pieces to the extent of the executing Faction’s ability is </p> +<p style="top:454.8pt;left:67.5pt">required. <i>EXAMPLE: A Government Assault (3.2.4) with 3 </i></p> +<p style="top:469.8pt;left:67.5pt"><i>Troops in Forest must remove 3 Active pieces if there are at </i></p> +<p style="top:484.8pt;left:67.5pt"><i>least that many among those Factions targeted.</i></p> +<p style="top:508.8pt;left:56.2pt"><b>1.4.2 Stacking.</b> No more than 2 Bases (regardless of Faction) </p> +<p style="top:523.8pt;left:56.2pt">may occupy a single Department or City. Bases may not occupy </p> +<p style="top:538.8pt;left:56.2pt">LoCs. Government forces may not occupy a FARC Zone (6.4.4). </p> +<p style="top:553.8pt;left:56.2pt">(See also the “Sucumbíos” Event regarding Ecuador.) Ignore any </p> +<p style="top:568.8pt;left:56.2pt">instructions (such as from Operations or Events) to place or move </p> +<p style="top:583.8pt;left:56.2pt">forces if stacking would be violated. Except as noted above, any </p> +<p style="top:598.8pt;left:56.2pt">number of Government cubes and Guerrillas may occupy a space.</p> +<p style="top:622.8pt;left:133.0pt"><b>1.4.3 Underground/Active. </b>Guerrillas are either </p> +<p style="top:637.8pt;left:133.1pt">Underground—symbol end down—or Ac-</p> +<p style="top:652.8pt;left:133.1pt">tive-symbol end up. Certain actions and Events </p> +<p style="top:667.8pt;left:56.2pt">flip them from one to the other state. Bases, Troops, and Police </p> +<p style="top:682.8pt;left:56.2pt">are always Active. Always set up and place new Guerrillas Un-</p> +<p style="top:697.8pt;left:56.2pt">derground (including if replacing a piece).</p> +<p style="top:718.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>NOTE: Unless instructions specify “Underground” Guerrilla, </i></p> +<p style="top:733.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>it is sufficient to “Activate” already Active Guerrillas (they stay </i></p> +<p style="top:748.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Active).</i></p> +<p style="top:775.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>1.5 Players & Factions</b></p> +<p style="top:792.1pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Andean Abyss</i> is playable by 1-4 players. The 1st player plays </p> +<p style="top:807.1pt;left:56.2pt">the Government (blue), the 2nd the FARC (red), the 3rd the AUC </p> +<p style="top:822.1pt;left:56.2pt">(yellow), and the 4th the Cartels (green) (2.1). (If preferred, the </p> +<p style="top:837.1pt;left:56.2pt">3rd player in a 3-player game can play Cartels instead of AUC.) </p> +<p style="top:852.1pt;left:56.2pt">Each of these Factions is enemy to all others. Leftover Factions </p> +<p style="top:867.1pt;left:56.2pt">are Non-Player; their actions are governed by rules section 8. </p> +<p style="top:882.1pt;left:56.2pt">See the Playbook for a Role Summary of each Faction. </p> +<p style="top:906.1pt;left:56.2pt"><b>1.5.1 Spare Factions. </b>With two or three players, the players run </p> +<p style="top:921.1pt;left:56.2pt">leftover Factions:</p> +</div> +<div id="page5" style="background-image:url('rulebook5.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:702.8pt">5</p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:346.0pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>1.7 Resources and Aid</b></p> +<p style="top:83.8pt;left:117.7pt">At any moment, each Faction has between 0 and 99 </p> +<p style="top:98.8pt;left:117.7pt">Resources that it uses to pay for Operations (3.0). </p> +<p style="top:113.8pt;left:117.7pt">During some Propaganda Rounds (6.3.1) and </p> +<p style="top:128.8pt;left:117.7pt">Events, a level of Aid (between 0 and 29) adds to </p> +<p style="top:143.8pt;left:56.2pt">Government Resources. Mark Resources and Aid on the edge </p> +<p style="top:158.8pt;left:56.2pt">track—for Resources, with a cylinder of the Faction’s color (1.5).</p> +<p style="top:182.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>1.8 Control</b></p> +<p style="top:243.3pt;left:109.3pt"> </p> +<p style="top:202.1pt;left:178.6pt">The Government Controls a City or </p> +<p style="top:217.1pt;left:178.4pt">Department if its pieces alone exceed </p> +<p style="top:232.1pt;left:178.4pt">those of all other Factions combined. In </p> +<p style="top:247.1pt;left:178.4pt">the same way, FARC Controls a City or </p> +<p style="top:262.1pt;left:56.2pt">Department if its pieces alone exceed those of all other Factions </p> +<p style="top:277.1pt;left:56.2pt">combined. Cities or Departments that are not Controlled by either </p> +<p style="top:292.1pt;left:56.2pt">the Government or FARC are Uncontrolled. As helpful, place </p> +<p style="top:307.1pt;left:56.2pt">appropriate Control markers on spaces as reminders.</p> +<p style="top:327.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>PLAY NOTE: Control mainly affects Propaganda Round (6.2-6.5) </i></p> +<p style="top:342.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>and some Non-player Government actions (section 8).</i></p> +<p style="top:363.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>DESIGN NOTE: “FARC Control” of a City might not represent </i></p> +<p style="top:378.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>complete military control of a major urban area but rather suf- </i></p> +<p style="top:393.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ficient presence to inhibit commerce and encourage resistance </i></p> +<p style="top:408.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>to government authority.</i></p> +<p style="top:442.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b>2.0 SEQUENCE OF PLAY</b></p> +<p style="top:467.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>2.1 Set Up</b></p> +<p style="top:484.7pt;left:56.2pt">Follow the instructions onthe flip side of the Sequence of Play </p> +<p style="top:499.7pt;left:56.2pt">aid sheet to decide upon various play options, assign Factions to </p> +<p style="top:514.7pt;left:56.2pt">players, prepare the deck, and set up markers and forces. </p> +<p style="top:540.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>2.2 Start </b></p> +<p style="top:557.5pt;left:56.2pt">Begin play by revealing the top card of the draw deck and placing </p> +<p style="top:572.5pt;left:56.2pt">it onto a played cards pile. Then reveal the next card on top of </p> +<p style="top:587.5pt;left:56.2pt">the draw deck. The card on the played card stack is played first; </p> +<p style="top:602.5pt;left:56.2pt">the card on top of the draw deck will be played next. <i>NOTE: </i></p> +<p style="top:617.5pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Players will see 1 card ahead into the deck.</i> All played cards </p> +<p style="top:632.5pt;left:56.2pt">and the number of cards in the draw deck are open to inspection.</p> +<p style="top:656.5pt;left:56.2pt">RECORD STEPS: As the steps of each Event card play are </p> +<p style="top:671.5pt;left:56.2pt">completed, place a cylinder of the Faction’s color (1.5) into the </p> +<p style="top:686.5pt;left:56.2pt">Sequence of Play track’s appropriate box (or, for Propaganda </p> +<p style="top:701.5pt;left:56.2pt">Rounds [6.0], advance the Prop Card marker).</p> +<p style="top:728.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>2.3 Event Card</b></p> +<p style="top:745.3pt;left:56.2pt">When playing an Event card, up to 2 Factions will execute Opera-</p> +<p style="top:760.3pt;left:56.2pt">tions or the Event; other Factions may Pass and collect Resources. </p> +<p style="top:779.8pt;left:56.2pt">• Factions whose cylinder is in the “Eligible” box receive these </p> +<p style="top:794.8pt;left:67.5pt">options in the left-to-right order of the Faction symbols shown </p> +<p style="top:809.8pt;left:67.5pt">at the top of the card. </p> +<p style="top:828.4pt;left:56.2pt">• Factions with cylinders in the “Ineligible” box do nothing. </p> +<p style="top:852.4pt;left:56.2pt"><b>2.3.1 Eligibility. </b>Factions that did not execute an Operation or </p> +<p style="top:867.4pt;left:56.2pt">Event on the previous card are Eligible (their cylinders will start </p> +<p style="top:882.4pt;left:56.2pt">the card in the “Eligible” box per 2.3.7). Factions that did are </p> +<p style="top:897.4pt;left:56.2pt">Ineligible. (All Factions start the game Eligible.) See also Free </p> +<p style="top:912.4pt;left:56.2pt">Operations, 3.1.2.</p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>2.3.2 Faction Order.</b> The Eligible Faction with the leftmost </p> +<p style="top:81.9pt;left:393.8pt">symbol in its color (skipping any Ineligible Factions) is the 1st </p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:393.8pt">Eligible to execute an Operation or Event or to Pass. The next </p> +<p style="top:111.9pt;left:393.8pt">leftmost is the 2nd Eligible. </p> +<p style="top:162.3pt;left:659.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Faction </i></b></p> +<p style="top:174.8pt;left:659.0pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Order</i></b></p> +<p style="top:207.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>NOTE: The gray 2 symbol and “2nd: Ops” on some cards affect </i></p> +<p style="top:222.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Non-player choices (8.1)—ignore them unless using Non-players.</i></p> +<p style="top:246.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>2.3.3 Passing.</b> If a 1st or 2nd Eligible Faction opts to Pass, it </p> +<p style="top:261.9pt;left:393.8pt">receives +1 Resources (or +3 Resources if Government) and </p> +<p style="top:276.9pt;left:393.8pt">remains Eligible for the next card. The next leftmost Eligible </p> +<p style="top:291.9pt;left:393.8pt">Faction then replaces the Passing Faction as the new 1st or 2nd </p> +<p style="top:306.9pt;left:393.8pt">Eligible Faction and receives the same options to execute or Pass. </p> +<p style="top:321.9pt;left:393.8pt">If the last (rightmost) Eligible Faction Passes, adjust cylinders </p> +<p style="top:336.9pt;left:393.8pt">(2.3.7) and play the next card.</p> +<p style="top:360.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>2.3.4 Options for Eligible Factions.</b> </p> +<p style="top:380.4pt;left:393.8pt">FIRST ELIGIBLE: If the 1st Eligible Faction does not Pass </p> +<p style="top:395.4pt;left:393.8pt">(2.3.3), it may execute either:</p> +<p style="top:414.9pt;left:393.8pt">• An Operation (3.0)—with or without a Special Activity (4.0)—or</p> +<p style="top:433.5pt;left:393.8pt">• The Event shown on the card.</p> +<p style="top:457.5pt;left:393.8pt">OPTIONS FOR 2ND ELIGIBLE: If the 2nd Eligible Faction </p> +<p style="top:472.5pt;left:393.8pt">does not Pass (2.3.3), it also may execute an Operation and pos-</p> +<p style="top:487.5pt;left:393.8pt">sibly the Event, but its options depend on what the 1st Eligible </p> +<p style="top:502.5pt;left:393.8pt">Faction executed:</p> +<p style="top:522.0pt;left:393.8pt">• Op Only: If the 1st Eligible Faction executed an Operation, the </p> +<p style="top:537.0pt;left:405.0pt">2nd Eligible Faction may execute a Limited Operation (2.3.5).</p> +<p style="top:555.6pt;left:393.8pt">• Op & Special Activity: If the 1st Eligible Faction executed an </p> +<p style="top:570.6pt;left:405.0pt">Operation with a Special Activity, the 2nd Eligible Faction </p> +<p style="top:585.6pt;left:405.0pt">may execute either a Limited Operation or the Event. (see also </p> +<p style="top:600.6pt;left:405.0pt">Final Event Card, 2.3.9).</p> +<p style="top:619.2pt;left:393.8pt">• Event: If the 1st Eligible Faction executed the Event, the 2nd </p> +<p style="top:634.2pt;left:405.0pt">Eligible Faction may execute an Operation, with a Special </p> +<p style="top:649.2pt;left:405.0pt">Activity if desired.</p> +<p style="top:669.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>NOTE: For ease of reference, these options are illustrated on the </i></p> +<p style="top:684.8pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Sequence of Play aid sheet and on the game board.</i></p> +<p style="top:708.8pt;left:393.8pt"><b>2.3.5 Limited Operation. </b>A Limited Operation (LimOp) is a </p> +<p style="top:723.8pt;left:393.8pt">player Operation in just 1 space, with no Special Activity. If the </p> +<p style="top:738.8pt;left:393.8pt">Limited Operation is a Patrol (3.2.2), Sweep (3.2.3), or March </p> +<p style="top:753.8pt;left:393.8pt">(3.3.2), it can involve pieces from multiple spaces but only 1 des-</p> +<p style="top:768.8pt;left:393.8pt">tination space. A Limited Operation counts as an Operation. See </p> +<p style="top:783.8pt;left:393.8pt">also Final Event Card (2.3.9) and Non-player Operations (8.1).</p> +<p style="top:807.8pt;left:393.8pt"><b>2.3.6 Ship.</b> Whenever a 1st or 2nd Eligible player Faction pays </p> +<p style="top:822.8pt;left:393.8pt">Resources to execute an Operation (including a Limited Oper-</p> +<p style="top:837.8pt;left:393.8pt">ation, 2.3.5) but executes no Special Activity, it may remove a </p> +<p style="top:852.8pt;left:393.8pt">Shipment that it owns (4.5.3) to immediately execute an addition-</p> +<p style="top:867.8pt;left:393.8pt">al, free, Limited Operation of any type. Alternatively, a different </p> +<p style="top:882.8pt;left:393.8pt">Faction may remove its own Shipment to enable the 1st or 2nd </p> +<p style="top:897.8pt;left:393.8pt">Eligible Faction to execute such a free Operation. A Faction may </p> +<p style="top:912.8pt;left:393.8pt">only benefit from 1 such Shipment per card. </p> +</div> +<div id="page6" style="background-image:url('rulebook6.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt">6</p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:348.0pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>EXAMPLE: Cartels is 1st Eligible and executes a March, removes </i></p> +<p style="top:81.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>a Shipment, then executes a Rally in 1 space at no Resource cost.</i></p> +<p style="top:105.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>DESIGN NOTE: The added Op reflects proceeds from a major </i></p> +<p style="top:120.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>drug deal greasing the skids.</i></p> +<p style="top:144.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>2.3.7 Adjust Eligibility.</b> After the 1st and 2nd Eligible Factions </p> +<p style="top:159.9pt;left:56.2pt">complete all execution of Operations, Special Activities, and </p> +<p style="top:174.9pt;left:56.2pt">Events (or after all Eligible Factions instead have Passed), adjust </p> +<p style="top:189.9pt;left:56.2pt">cylinders on the Sequence of Play Track as follows:</p> +<p style="top:209.4pt;left:56.2pt">• Move the cylinder to the “Eligible” box if the Faction did not </p> +<p style="top:224.4pt;left:67.5pt">execute an Operation or Event (and not rendered Ineligible by </p> +<p style="top:239.4pt;left:67.5pt">an Event).</p> +<p style="top:257.3pt;left:56.2pt">• Move the cylinder to the “Ineligible” box if the Faction </p> +<p style="top:272.3pt;left:67.5pt">executed an Operation (including a Limited Operation) or </p> +<p style="top:287.3pt;left:67.5pt">Event (unless otherwise specified by the Event; see also Free </p> +<p style="top:302.3pt;left:67.5pt">Operations, 3.1.2.).</p> +<p style="top:322.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>2.3.8 Next Card.</b> After adjusting Eligibility, move the draw </p> +<p style="top:337.9pt;left:56.2pt">deck’s top card onto the played card pile face-up and reveal the </p> +<p style="top:352.9pt;left:56.2pt">draw deck’s next card. Play the card on the played card pile, </p> +<p style="top:367.9pt;left:56.2pt">proceeding with the appropriate sequence.</p> +<p style="top:391.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>2.3.9 Final Event Card.</b> On the last Event card before the final </p> +<p style="top:406.9pt;left:56.2pt">Propaganda Card (2.4.1), any player Operations must be Limited </p> +<p style="top:421.9pt;left:56.2pt">(2.3.5, no Special Activities) and may not include Sweep (3.2.3) </p> +<p style="top:436.9pt;left:56.2pt">or March (3.3.2).</p> +<p style="top:463.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>2.4 Propaganda Card</b></p> +<p style="top:480.7pt;left:56.2pt">If playing a Propaganda Card, conduct a Propaganda Round (6.0).</p> +<p style="top:504.7pt;left:56.2pt"><b>2.4.1 Final Propaganda.</b> If the 4th Propaganda card’s Round </p> +<p style="top:519.7pt;left:56.2pt">is completed without a victory (6.1), the game ends: determine </p> +<p style="top:534.7pt;left:56.2pt">victory by 7.3. </p> +<p style="top:558.7pt;left:66.2pt"><b>Short Game Option:</b> Agree at set up that the 3rd Propaganda </p> +<p style="top:573.7pt;left:66.2pt">card’s Round will be the final round.</p> +<p style="top:597.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>PLAY NOTE: Set aside Propaganda cards to show how many </i></p> +<p style="top:612.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>have gone by. Each series of Event cards up to a Propaganda </i></p> +<p style="top:627.7pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Round is called a “Campaign”.</i></p> +<p style="top:665.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b>3.0 OPERATIONS</b></p> +<p style="top:692.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>3.1 Operations in General</b></p> +<p style="top:709.7pt;left:56.2pt">The Faction executing an Operation (Op) chooses 1 of the 4 Op-</p> +<p style="top:724.7pt;left:56.2pt">erations listed on its Faction aid sheet and, if applicable, selects </p> +<p style="top:739.7pt;left:56.2pt">the map spaces to be involved. The Faction usually pays a cost </p> +<p style="top:754.7pt;left:56.2pt">in Resources (not Aid, 1.7), often per space selected; it must </p> +<p style="top:769.7pt;left:56.2pt">have enough Resources to pay for the Operation, including in </p> +<p style="top:784.7pt;left:56.2pt">each selected space. Select a given space only once for a given </p> +<p style="top:799.7pt;left:56.2pt">Operation. </p> +<p style="top:823.7pt;left:56.2pt">The executing Faction chooses the order of the spaces in which </p> +<p style="top:838.7pt;left:56.2pt">the Operation is resolved, the enemy Factions or pieces to be </p> +<p style="top:853.7pt;left:56.2pt">affected (targeted), and the friendly pieces to be placed or re-</p> +<p style="top:868.7pt;left:56.2pt">placed. A single Operation may target one or more Factions and </p> +<p style="top:883.7pt;left:56.2pt">ignore others. Once targeted, a Faction’s pieces are affected to </p> +<p style="top:898.7pt;left:56.2pt">the maximum extent possible (1.4.1).</p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>NOTE: Players pay for Operations space by space as they go, </i></p> +<p style="top:81.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>enabling Insurgents at 0 Resources to Extort, Kidnap, or Process </i></p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>to add Resources and then pay for additional Operations spaces. </i></p> +<p style="top:111.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>(See 4.1 and its EXAMPLE).</i></p> +<p style="top:135.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>3.1.1 Pawns.</b> Players may mark spaces selected for Operations </p> +<p style="top:150.9pt;left:393.8pt">(3.0) with white pawns and Special Activities (4.0) with black </p> +<p style="top:165.9pt;left:393.8pt">pawns. (The pawns are for convenience, not a limit on the number </p> +<p style="top:180.9pt;left:393.8pt">of spaces that may be selected.)</p> +<p style="top:204.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>3.1.2 Free Operations.</b> Certain Events (5.5), phases (6.4.5), or </p> +<p style="top:219.9pt;left:393.8pt">Shipping drugs (2.3.6) grant free Operations or Special Activities: </p> +<p style="top:234.9pt;left:393.8pt">they cost no Resources and, if executed by a Faction other than </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:393.8pt">the one playing an Event, could leave it Eligible (2.3.7). Other </p> +<p style="top:264.9pt;left:393.8pt">requirements and procedures still apply unless trumped by Event </p> +<p style="top:279.9pt;left:393.8pt">text (5.1.1, 5.5.).</p> +<p style="top:306.6pt;left:431.6pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>3.2 COIN Operations</b></p> +<p style="top:323.6pt;left:431.6pt">The Government chooses from Train, Patrol, Sweep, and </p> +<p style="top:338.6pt;left:393.8pt">Assault Operations. <i>Note: The Government may never place or </i></p> +<p style="top:353.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>move its pieces into FARC Zones; see 6.4.4.</i> </p> +<p style="top:377.6pt;left:393.8pt"><b>3.2.1 Train. </b>Training Operations augment Government forces </p> +<p style="top:392.6pt;left:393.8pt">and possibly build Support (1.6). Select any Departments or </p> +<p style="top:407.6pt;left:393.8pt">Cities and pay 3 Resources per selected space.</p> +<p style="top:431.6pt;left:393.8pt">PROCEDURE: First, in each selected Department with a Gov-</p> +<p style="top:446.6pt;left:393.8pt">ernment Base AND in each selected City, place up to 6 cubes </p> +<p style="top:461.6pt;left:393.8pt">(any combination of Available Troops and Police). Then, in up </p> +<p style="top:476.6pt;left:393.8pt">to 1 selected space, either: </p> +<p style="top:496.1pt;left:393.8pt">• Replace any 3 cubes with 1 Government Base (within </p> +<p style="top:511.1pt;left:405.0pt">stacking,1.4.2), OR </p> +<p style="top:529.7pt;left:393.8pt">• Conduct Civic Action (6.4.1) to build Support. As during the </p> +<p style="top:544.7pt;left:405.0pt">Support Phase, the Government must have Troops, Police, and </p> +<p style="top:559.7pt;left:405.0pt">Control (a majority of forces, 1.8) in the space and must pay </p> +<p style="top:574.7pt;left:405.0pt">added Resources per 6.4.1 (even if Training was free).</p> +<p style="top:598.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>3.2.2 Patrol.</b> Patrol Operations protect LoCs by moving Troops </p> +<p style="top:613.7pt;left:393.8pt">or Police onto them and finding and removing Guerrillas there. </p> +<p style="top:628.7pt;left:393.8pt">Pay 3 Resources total (not per space). If a Limited Operation </p> +<p style="top:643.7pt;left:393.8pt">(2.3.5), all moving cubes must end on a single destination space. </p> +<p style="top:667.7pt;left:393.8pt">PROCEDURE: Move any number of cubes from any spaces. </p> +<p style="top:682.7pt;left:393.8pt">Each cube may move into any adjacent LoC or City (1.3.6) </p> +<p style="top:697.7pt;left:393.8pt">and may keep entering adjacent LoCs or Cities until the player </p> +<p style="top:712.7pt;left:393.8pt">chooses to stop moving it or it enters a space containing 1 or more </p> +<p style="top:727.7pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrillas. Then, in each LoC (even if a LimOp, and whether or </p> +<p style="top:742.7pt;left:393.8pt">not a cube just moved there), Activate 1 Guerrilla for each cube </p> +<p style="top:757.7pt;left:393.8pt">there. Then, if desired, conduct an Assault (3.2.4) in 1 LoC at </p> +<p style="top:772.7pt;left:393.8pt">no added cost. If a Limited Operation (2.3.5), the Assault must </p> +<p style="top:787.7pt;left:393.8pt">be in the destination LoC.</p> +<p style="top:811.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>3.2.3 Sweep.</b> Sweep Operations move Troops (typically, into </p> +<p style="top:826.7pt;left:393.8pt">contested areas) and locate enemy Guerrillas. Select any Cities </p> +<p style="top:841.7pt;left:393.8pt">or Departments as destinations (not FARC Zones, 6.4.4). Pay 3 </p> +<p style="top:856.7pt;left:393.8pt">Resources per space selected. Sweep is not allowed on the final </p> +<p style="top:871.7pt;left:393.8pt">Event card (2.3.9). </p> +<p style="top:895.7pt;left:393.8pt">PROCEDURE: First, simultaneously move any adjacent Troops </p> +<p style="top:910.7pt;left:393.8pt">desired into selected spaces. In addition, Troops may first move </p> +</div> +<div id="page7" style="background-image:url('rulebook7.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:702.8pt">7</p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:346.0pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt">onto adjacent LoCs (1.3.6) that are free of Guerrillas and then </p> +<p style="top:81.9pt;left:56.2pt">into adjacent spaces. (Any Troops that move must reach spaces </p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:56.2pt">paid for as destinations.) </p> +<p style="top:116.4pt;left:56.2pt">• Then, in selected spaces other than Forest, Activate 1 Guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:131.4pt;left:67.5pt">(1.4.3) for each cube there (Police plus Troops, whether they </p> +<p style="top:146.4pt;left:67.5pt">just moved or were already there). </p> +<p style="top:165.0pt;left:56.2pt">• In Forest spaces, Activate only 1 Guerrilla for every 2 cubes </p> +<p style="top:180.0pt;left:67.5pt">(round odd cubes down). </p> +<p style="top:200.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>NOTE: Sweeps do not have to both move Troops and Activate </i></p> +<p style="top:215.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Guerrillas; they may move where no Guerrillas and may simply </i></p> +<p style="top:230.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Activate Guerrillas in place.</i></p> +<p style="top:467.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>EXAMPLE: The Government selects Cesar-La Guajira Depart-</i></p> +<p style="top:482.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ment for a Sweep. There are no Guerrillas on any LoCs. Troops </i></p> +<p style="top:497.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>could move from Cúcuta, Bucaramanga, and Sincelejo to the </i></p> +<p style="top:512.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>LoCs south of Baranquilla and from there into Cesar. Troops </i></p> +<p style="top:527.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>already in Baranquilla or any of the 3 Departments or 4 LoCs </i></p> +<p style="top:542.2pt;left:56.2pt"><i>adjacent to Cesar also could enter Cesar. </i></p> +<p style="top:566.2pt;left:56.2pt"><b>3.2.4 Assault.</b> Assault Operations eliminate Insurgent forces. </p> +<p style="top:581.2pt;left:56.2pt">Select any spaces and pay 3 Resources per space selected. </p> +<p style="top:605.2pt;left:56.2pt">PROCEDURE: In each selected space, remove 1 Active Guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:620.2pt;left:56.2pt">(1.4.3) for each Troops cube there. Once a targeted Faction has </p> +<p style="top:635.2pt;left:56.2pt">no Guerrillas in the space, remove its Bases instead. </p> +<p style="top:654.7pt;left:56.2pt">• In a City or LoC, also remove 1 enemy piece for each Police </p> +<p style="top:669.7pt;left:67.5pt">cube there. </p> +<p style="top:688.3pt;left:56.2pt">• In Mountain, instead remove only 1 piece for every 2 Troops </p> +<p style="top:703.3pt;left:67.5pt">(rounded down). </p> +<p style="top:727.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>DESIGN NOTE: Guerrillas are less militarily capable than </i></p> +<p style="top:742.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Government forces but enjoy an information advantage in that </i></p> +<p style="top:757.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Government Operations generally must first Sweep to Activate </i></p> +<p style="top:772.3pt;left:56.2pt"><i>(locate) them before Assaulting them. </i></p> +<p style="top:792.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>NOTE: The Faction aid sheets use the phrase “Bases last” to </i></p> +<p style="top:807.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>remind that an Operation cannot remove an enemy Base as long </i></p> +<p style="top:822.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>as Guerrillas (Active or Underground), Troops, or Police of the </i></p> +<p style="top:837.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>same Faction remain in the same space. Also, all of a Faction’s </i></p> +<p style="top:852.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Guerrillas in a space may be Underground, preventing further </i></p> +<p style="top:867.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>removal via Assault of its pieces (including Bases) until the </i></p> +<p style="top:882.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Guerrillas are Activated. </i></p> +<p style="top:907.0pt;left:56.2pt"><b>3.2.5 Drug Bust. </b>For each Shipment (4.5.3) removed by Assault, </p> +<p style="top:922.0pt;left:56.2pt">add +6 to Aid (to a maximum of 29).</p> +<p style="top:66.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>3.3 Insurgent Operations</b></p> +<p style="top:83.8pt;left:393.8pt">Insurgent Factions (FARC, AUC, and Car-</p> +<p style="top:98.8pt;left:393.8pt">tels) choose from Rally, March, Attack, and </p> +<p style="top:113.8pt;left:393.8pt">Terror Operations.</p> +<p style="top:134.4pt;left:393.8pt">Note that, on the Faction aid sheets under “Insurgent Operations”, </p> +<p style="top:149.4pt;left:393.8pt">the terms “Guerrillas” and “Bases” mean those of the executing </p> +<p style="top:164.4pt;left:393.8pt">Faction (friendly), unless otherwise specified.</p> +<p style="top:188.4pt;left:393.8pt"><b>3.3.1 Rally. </b>Rally Operations augment or recover friendly </p> +<p style="top:203.4pt;left:393.8pt">forces. Select any Departments or Cities. Pay 1 Resource per </p> +<p style="top:218.4pt;left:393.8pt">space selected. </p> +<p style="top:237.9pt;left:393.8pt">• FARC may only select Neutral or Opposition spaces, not those </p> +<p style="top:252.9pt;left:405.0pt">with Support (1.6).</p> +<p style="top:271.5pt;left:393.8pt">• AUC may only select Neutral or Support spaces, not those </p> +<p style="top:286.5pt;left:405.0pt">with Opposition. </p> +<p style="top:310.5pt;left:393.8pt">PROCEDURE: In each selected space, the executing Faction </p> +<p style="top:325.5pt;left:393.8pt">places 1 of its Available Guerrillas or replaces 2 of its Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:340.5pt;left:393.8pt">with 1 of its Bases, within stacking (1.4.2). If the space already </p> +<p style="top:355.5pt;left:393.8pt">has at least 1 of that Faction’s Bases, the Faction may instead </p> +<p style="top:370.5pt;left:393.8pt">either: </p> +<p style="top:390.0pt;left:393.8pt">• Place a number of its Available Guerrillas up to the number </p> +<p style="top:405.0pt;left:405.0pt">of its Bases there plus the space’s Population value (1.3.2-.3) </p> +<p style="top:420.0pt;left:405.0pt">OR </p> +<p style="top:438.6pt;left:393.8pt">• Move any of its Guerrillas from any spaces on the map to </p> +<p style="top:453.6pt;left:405.0pt">there and flip all its Guerrillas there Underground (whether </p> +<p style="top:468.6pt;left:405.0pt">they moved or not) (1.4.3). </p> +<p style="top:492.6pt;left:393.8pt"><b>3.3.2 March. </b>March Operations move friendly Guerrillas. Se-</p> +<p style="top:507.6pt;left:393.8pt">lect any spaces as the origins of the moving Guerrillas. Pay 1 </p> +<p style="top:522.6pt;left:393.8pt">Resource per City or Department that Guerrillas move into (0 </p> +<p style="top:537.6pt;left:393.8pt">Resources to move onto LoCs). If a Limited Operation (2.3.5), </p> +<p style="top:552.6pt;left:393.8pt">all moving Guerrillas must end in a single destination space. </p> +<p style="top:567.6pt;left:393.8pt">Players may not March on the final Event card (2.3.9).</p> +<p style="top:591.6pt;left:393.8pt">PROCEDURE: The executing Faction moves any of its Guerril-</p> +<p style="top:606.6pt;left:393.8pt">las desired into adjacent spaces (1.3.6). No Guerrilla moves more </p> +<p style="top:621.6pt;left:393.8pt">than once. Guerrillas moving from 1 space to another move as a </p> +<p style="top:636.6pt;left:393.8pt">single group. Set Guerrillas of a moving group to Active (1.4.3) if: </p> +<p style="top:656.1pt;left:393.8pt">• The destination space is a LoC or is a City or Department with </p> +<p style="top:671.1pt;left:405.0pt">Support (1.6)—or, for AUC March, Support or Opposition—</p> +<p style="top:686.1pt;left:405.0pt">AND</p> +<p style="top:704.7pt;left:393.8pt">• The moving group’s number of Guerrillas plus the number </p> +<p style="top:719.7pt;left:405.0pt">of cubes in the destination space exceeds 3. For AUC March, </p> +<p style="top:734.7pt;left:405.0pt">count FARC Guerrillas as cubes. </p> +<p style="top:758.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>EXAMPLE: A group of 2 Underground FARC Guerrillas March </i></p> +<p style="top:773.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>from Meta East to Santander-Boyacá, which has Passive Sup-</i></p> +<p style="top:788.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>port and where there are 1 Police and 1 Troops cubes. Because </i></p> +<p style="top:803.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>the destination is a Department with Support and the total of 4 </i></p> +<p style="top:818.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>cubes and moving Guerrillas involved exceeds 3, the 2 moving </i></p> +<p style="top:833.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Guerrillas flip to Active.</i></p> +<p style="top:854.3pt;left:393.8pt"><i>NOTE: March often Activates Guerrillas, but moves by Event </i></p> +<p style="top:869.3pt;left:393.8pt"><i>(5.0) do so only if specified.</i></p> +</div> +<div id="page8" style="background-image:url('rulebook8.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt">8</p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:348.0pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>3.3.3 Attack.</b> Attack Operations seek to eliminate enemy forc-</p> +<p style="top:81.9pt;left:56.2pt">es; particularly successful attacks augment friendly Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:56.2pt">(by capturing enemy weapons, equipment, rations, recruits, or </p> +<p style="top:111.9pt;left:56.2pt">drugs). Select any spaces where the executing Faction has at </p> +<p style="top:126.9pt;left:56.2pt">least 1 Guerrilla and 1 enemy piece; pay 1 Resource per space.</p> +<p style="top:150.9pt;left:56.2pt">PROCEDURE: In each selected space, Activate (1.4.3) all the </p> +<p style="top:165.9pt;left:56.2pt">executing Faction’s Guerrillas and then roll a die: if the roll is less </p> +<p style="top:180.9pt;left:56.2pt">than or equal to the number of the executing Faction’s Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:195.9pt;left:56.2pt">there (whether or not they began Active), remove up to 2 enemy </p> +<p style="top:210.9pt;left:56.2pt">pieces (executing Faction’s choice; may include Underground </p> +<p style="top:225.9pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas). The 2 pieces may belong to different Factions. A </p> +<p style="top:240.9pt;left:56.2pt">targeted Faction’s Bases cannot be removed before all its cubes </p> +<p style="top:255.9pt;left:56.2pt">or Guerrillas in the space.</p> +<p style="top:279.9pt;left:56.2pt">CAPTURED GOODS: If the roll was a “1”, place 1 of the exe-</p> +<p style="top:294.9pt;left:56.2pt">cuting Faction’s Available Guerrillas (1.4.1) there. If a Shipment </p> +<p style="top:309.9pt;left:56.2pt">(4.5.3) was removed, place it in the space with a Guerrilla of the </p> +<p style="top:324.9pt;left:56.2pt">executing Faction.</p> +<p style="top:348.9pt;left:160.9pt"><b>3.3.4 Terror. </b>Terror Operations in Depart-</p> +<p style="top:363.9pt;left:160.9pt">ments or Cities neutralize (or, for FARC, </p> +<p style="top:378.9pt;left:160.9pt">build) Support or Opposition (1.6) and </p> +<p style="top:393.9pt;left:160.9pt">place Terror markers that hinder future </p> +<p style="top:408.9pt;left:56.2pt">efforts to influence it. On LoCs, they place Sabotage markers </p> +<p style="top:423.9pt;left:56.2pt">that block Government Resource earnings (6.3.1). AUC Terror </p> +<p style="top:438.9pt;left:56.2pt">harms Aid to the Government. Select any spaces where the ex-</p> +<p style="top:453.9pt;left:56.2pt">ecuting Faction has at least 1 Underground Guerrilla; pay 1 </p> +<p style="top:468.9pt;left:56.2pt">Resource per City or Department (0 for LoCs).</p> +<p style="top:492.9pt;left:56.2pt">PROCEDURE: Activate 1 friendly Underground Guerrilla in </p> +<p style="top:507.9pt;left:56.2pt">each selected space. </p> +<p style="top:527.4pt;left:56.2pt">• If the space is a Department or City, place a Terror marker and </p> +<p style="top:542.4pt;left:67.5pt">shift any Support or Opposition 1 level toward Neutral (remove </p> +<p style="top:557.4pt;left:67.5pt">Passive or shift Active to Passive and adjust Total Support or </p> +<p style="top:572.4pt;left:67.5pt">Opposition, 1.6) OR, if FARC, toward Active Opposition. </p> +<p style="top:591.0pt;left:56.2pt">• If the space is a LoC without a Sabotage marker, place a </p> +<p style="top:606.0pt;left:67.5pt">Sabotage marker.</p> +<p style="top:624.6pt;left:56.2pt">• Do not place a Terror/Sabotage marker if all are already on </p> +<p style="top:639.6pt;left:67.5pt">the map. (There are 40.) </p> +<p style="top:663.6pt;left:56.2pt">AID CUT: If AUC is executing the Terror (including via Event, </p> +<p style="top:678.6pt;left:56.2pt">5.0), drop Aid by –3 if the Terror occurred in a single space or </p> +<p style="top:693.6pt;left:56.2pt">by –5 if in 2 or more spaces, to a minimum of 0 (1.7). <i>Note: Aid </i></p> +<p style="top:708.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>at 0 does not stop AUC Terror.</i> </p> +<p style="top:746.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b>4.0 SPECIAL ACTIVITIES</b></p> +<p style="top:773.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>4.1 Special Activities in General </b></p> +<p style="top:790.6pt;left:56.2pt">When a Faction per the Event Card sequence of play (2.3) exe-</p> +<p style="top:805.6pt;left:56.2pt">cutes an Operation in at least 1 space (3.0), it may also execute </p> +<p style="top:820.6pt;left:56.2pt">1 type of its Special Activities (Exception: Limited Operations, </p> +<p style="top:835.6pt;left:56.2pt">2.3.5). Some Events grant free Special Activities (3.1.2).</p> +<p style="top:855.1pt;left:56.2pt">• As with Operations, the executing Faction selects spaces, </p> +<p style="top:870.1pt;left:67.5pt">Factions, or pieces affected and the order of actions. A Faction </p> +<p style="top:885.1pt;left:67.5pt">may execute its Special Activity at any one time immediately </p> +<p style="top:900.1pt;left:67.5pt">before, during, or immediately after the execution of its Op-</p> +<p style="top:915.1pt;left:67.5pt">eration. </p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>EXAMPLE: FARC with 0 Resources Extorts or Kidnaps enough </i></p> +<p style="top:81.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>to pay for the necessary accompanying Operations thereafter </i></p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>(4.1.1). </i></p> +<p style="top:120.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>PLAY NOTE: If the 1st Eligible Faction uses a Special Activity, </i></p> +<p style="top:135.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>the 2nd Eligible will have the option of executing the card’s </i></p> +<p style="top:150.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Event (2.3.4). </i></p> +<p style="top:174.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>4.1.1. Accompanying Operations.</b> Some Special Activities </p> +<p style="top:189.9pt;left:393.8pt">specify that they may only accompany certain types of Opera-</p> +<p style="top:204.9pt;left:393.8pt">tions (3.0). Certain Special Activities may take place only in the </p> +<p style="top:219.9pt;left:393.8pt">locations of their Accompanying Operations. If not otherwise </p> +<p style="top:234.9pt;left:393.8pt">specified, Special Activities may accompany any Operations and </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:393.8pt">take place in any otherwise valid spaces. </p> +<p style="top:276.6pt;left:431.6pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>4.2 Government Special Activities</b></p> +<p style="top:293.6pt;left:431.6pt">The Government may choose from Air Lift, Air Strike, </p> +<p style="top:308.6pt;left:393.8pt">or Eradicate Special Activities.</p> +<p style="top:332.6pt;left:393.8pt"><b>4.2.1 Air Lift. </b>Air Lift moves Troops, especially to mass them </p> +<p style="top:347.6pt;left:393.8pt">quickly for an Operation. </p> +<p style="top:371.6pt;left:393.8pt">PROCEDURE: Move up to 3 Troops from 1 space to another </p> +<p style="top:386.6pt;left:393.8pt">(not FARC Zone, 6.4.4).</p> +<p style="top:410.6pt;left:393.8pt"><b>4.2.2 Air Strike. </b>An Air Strike destroys an exposed Insurgent </p> +<p style="top:425.6pt;left:393.8pt">unit. It may only accompany a Patrol, Sweep, or Assault (3.2.2-.4) </p> +<p style="top:440.6pt;left:393.8pt">and take place in a single Department or LoC (not City).</p> +<p style="top:464.6pt;left:393.8pt">PROCEDURE: Remove 1 Active Guerrilla or, if the targeted </p> +<p style="top:479.6pt;left:393.8pt">Faction has no Guerrillas in the space, 1 of its Bases.</p> +<p style="top:503.6pt;left:393.8pt"><b>4.2.3 Eradicate.</b> Eradication destroys rural Cartels Bases and </p> +<p style="top:518.6pt;left:393.8pt">earns Aid but at a cost of increasing local sympathy for FARC. </p> +<p style="top:533.6pt;left:393.8pt">It may take place in any 1 Department with Cartels pieces (even </p> +<p style="top:548.6pt;left:393.8pt">Cartels Guerrillas without Bases).</p> +<p style="top:572.6pt;left:393.8pt">PROCEDURE: Boost Aid by +4, to a maximum of 29 (1.7). </p> +<p style="top:587.6pt;left:393.8pt">Remove all Cartels Bases in the selected space (regardless of </p> +<p style="top:602.6pt;left:393.8pt">Guerrillas there). Then:</p> +<p style="top:622.1pt;left:393.8pt">• Shift that or an adjacent Department 1 level toward Active </p> +<p style="top:637.1pt;left:405.0pt">Opposition (1.6.1), if possible.</p> +<p style="top:655.7pt;left:393.8pt">• Or, if not possible (because all are already at Active Opposition </p> +<p style="top:670.7pt;left:405.0pt">or have 0 Population), instead place 1 available FARC Guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:685.7pt;left:405.0pt">in that Department.</p> +<p style="top:709.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>DESIGN NOTE: Farmers of coca and other crops harmed tend </i></p> +<p style="top:724.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>to resent Government spraying.</i></p> +<p style="top:751.5pt;left:431.5pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>4.3 FARC Special Activities</b></p> +<p style="top:768.5pt;left:431.5pt">FARC may choose from Ambush, Extort, or Kidnap </p> +<p style="top:783.5pt;left:393.8pt">Special Activities.</p> +<p style="top:807.5pt;left:393.8pt"><b>4.3.1 Extort.</b> Extortion enables FARC to gain Resources from </p> +<p style="top:822.5pt;left:393.8pt">regions they dominate. FARC may simultaneously Extort in any </p> +<p style="top:837.5pt;left:393.8pt">spaces (including LoCs) where FARC forces include at least 1 </p> +<p style="top:852.5pt;left:393.8pt">Underground Guerrilla and FARC has Control (its forces out-</p> +<p style="top:867.5pt;left:393.8pt">number all enemies, 1.8). </p> +<p style="top:891.5pt;left:393.8pt">PROCEDURE: For each selected space, Activate 1 Underground </p> +<p style="top:906.5pt;left:393.8pt">FARC Guerrilla there (1.4.3) and add +1 to FARC Resources </p> +<p style="top:921.5pt;left:393.8pt">(1.7).</p> +</div> +<div id="page9" style="background-image:url('rulebook9.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:702.8pt">9</p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:346.0pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>4.3.2 Ambush.</b> An Ambush enables FARC to ensure the complete </p> +<p style="top:81.9pt;left:56.2pt">success of an Attack in 1 space. It must take place in a space </p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:56.2pt">selected for Attack (3.3.3, not yet resolved) and that has at least </p> +<p style="top:111.9pt;left:56.2pt">1 Underground FARC Guerrilla (1.4.3).</p> +<p style="top:135.9pt;left:56.2pt">PROCEDURE: Instead of the usual Attack procedure (3.3.3), </p> +<p style="top:150.9pt;left:56.2pt">the Attack in that space Activates 1 Underground Guerrilla only </p> +<p style="top:165.9pt;left:56.2pt">and automatically succeeds (do not roll; remove the 2 enemy </p> +<p style="top:180.9pt;left:56.2pt">pieces normally). Place an Available FARC Guerrilla in the space </p> +<p style="top:195.9pt;left:56.2pt">(Underground, 1.4.3) as if a “1” had been rolled.</p> +<p style="top:219.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>4.3.3 Kidnap.</b> Kidnapping takes variable amounts of Resources </p> +<p style="top:234.9pt;left:56.2pt">(1.7) from the Government or the Cartels or a Shipment (4.5.3) </p> +<p style="top:249.9pt;left:56.2pt">from the Cartels, at a small risk of adding to AUC growth. It may </p> +<p style="top:264.9pt;left:56.2pt">take place in up to 3 spaces that:</p> +<p style="top:284.4pt;left:56.2pt">• Were or will be selected for Terror (3.3.4) this Operation, AND</p> +<p style="top:299.4pt;left:56.2pt">• Are City, LoC, or have a Cartels Base, AND </p> +<p style="top:314.4pt;left:56.2pt">• Have more FARC Guerrillas than Police.</p> +<p style="top:338.4pt;left:56.2pt">PROCEDURE: Target either the Government if the space is a </p> +<p style="top:353.4pt;left:56.2pt">City or LoC, or the Cartels if the space has 1 or 2 Cartels Bases. </p> +<p style="top:368.4pt;left:56.2pt">Roll a die for each space and transfer to FARC from the targeted </p> +<p style="top:383.4pt;left:56.2pt">Faction a number of Resources equal to the die roll. Whenever a </p> +<p style="top:398.4pt;left:56.2pt">“6” is rolled, AUC places 1 Available piece in that space (within </p> +<p style="top:413.4pt;left:56.2pt">stacking, 1.4.2). If a targeted Faction runs out of Resources, no </p> +<p style="top:428.4pt;left:56.2pt">more is transferred.</p> +<p style="top:452.4pt;left:56.2pt">DRUG RANSOM: If targeting the Cartels where they hold a </p> +<p style="top:467.4pt;left:56.2pt">Shipment (4.5.3), instead of rolling, place the Shipment with a </p> +<p style="top:482.4pt;left:56.2pt">FARC Guerrilla there.</p> +<p style="top:506.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>DESIGN NOTE: This Special Activity represents the potentially </i></p> +<p style="top:521.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>lucrative kidnapping of family members of drug lords, politicians, </i></p> +<p style="top:536.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>and other wealthy. Routine kidnapping is represented in the game </i></p> +<p style="top:551.4pt;left:56.2pt"><i>within Terror and Extort.</i></p> +<p style="top:578.1pt;left:94.0pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>4.4 AUC Special Activities</b></p> +<p style="top:595.1pt;left:94.0pt">AUC may choose from Extort, Ambush, or Assassinate </p> +<p style="top:610.1pt;left:56.2pt">Special Activities.</p> +<p style="top:634.1pt;left:56.2pt"><b>4.4.1 Extort & Ambush.</b> AUC Extorts and Ambushes the same </p> +<p style="top:649.1pt;left:56.2pt">as FARC (4.3.1-2) but using AUC instead of FARC forces.</p> +<p style="top:673.1pt;left:56.2pt"><b>4.4.2 Assassinate.</b> Assassination efficiently eliminates enemy </p> +<p style="top:688.1pt;left:56.2pt">units—even protected Bases. It may occur in any of up to 3 </p> +<p style="top:703.1pt;left:56.2pt">spaces selected for AUC Terror (3.3.4) this Operation in which </p> +<p style="top:718.1pt;left:56.2pt">AUC Guerrillas outnumber Police.</p> +<p style="top:740.3pt;left:56.2pt">PROCEDURE: In each such space, remove any 1 enemy piece.</p> +<p style="top:762.5pt;left:56.2pt">COMMANDEER: If an Assassination forces the removal of a </p> +<p style="top:777.5pt;left:56.2pt">Shipment (4.5.3) place it with an AUC Guerrilla in the space.</p> +<p style="top:804.3pt;left:94.0pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>4.5 Cartels Special Activities</b></p> +<p style="top:821.3pt;left:94.0pt">The Cartels may choose from Cultivate, Process, or Bribe </p> +<p style="top:836.3pt;left:56.2pt">Special Activities.</p> +<p style="top:860.3pt;left:56.2pt"><b>4.5.1 Cultivate.</b> Cultivation relocates trafficking activity or </p> +<p style="top:875.3pt;left:56.2pt">propagates a new growing area. It may only accompany a Rally </p> +<p style="top:890.3pt;left:56.2pt">or March Operation (3.3.1-.2). The destination is 1 Department </p> +<p style="top:905.3pt;left:56.2pt">or City with Population greater than 0 and with more Cartels </p> +<p style="top:920.3pt;left:56.2pt">Guerrillas than Police.</p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">PROCEDURE: Relocate 1 Cartels Base from any space to the </p> +<p style="top:81.9pt;left:393.8pt">selected space (within stacking, 1.4.2). Or, if the space is a De-</p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:393.8pt">partment selected for a Rally Operation (whether or not it just </p> +<p style="top:111.9pt;left:393.8pt">received a Guerrilla), if desired instead place 1 Cartels Base there. </p> +<p style="top:135.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>DESIGN NOTE: Cultivation represents the ability of drug syn-</i></p> +<p style="top:150.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>dicates quickly and clandestinely to arrange purchase from new </i></p> +<p style="top:165.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>growers and move processing labs and delivery routes.</i></p> +<p style="top:189.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b>4.5.2 Process.</b> Processing prepares major drug Shipments or </p> +<p style="top:204.9pt;left:393.8pt">exchanges Bases for Resources. It may only accompany a Rally </p> +<p style="top:219.9pt;left:393.8pt">or March Operation (3.3.1-.2) and may occur in any spaces with </p> +<p style="top:234.9pt;left:393.8pt">at least 1 Cartels Base. </p> +<p style="top:258.9pt;left:393.8pt">PROCEDURE: Remove any Cartels Bases desired and add +3 </p> +<p style="top:273.9pt;left:393.8pt">Cartels Resources for each Base removed. Alternatively, place a </p> +<p style="top:288.9pt;left:393.8pt">total of 1 or 2 available Shipments (4.5.3) under any Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:303.9pt;left:393.8pt">in spaces with Cartels Bases.</p> +<p style="top:327.9pt;left:459.6pt"><b>4.5.3 Shipment Markers.</b> The 4 Shipment markers </p> +<p style="top:342.9pt;left:459.7pt">represent major processed drug caches awaiting </p> +<p style="top:357.9pt;left:459.7pt">delivery and are a limit on play. On the map, they </p> +<p style="top:372.9pt;left:459.7pt">are always placed beneath a Guerrilla and move </p> +<p style="top:387.9pt;left:393.8pt">with it. That Guerrilla’s Faction owns the Shipment. A Guerrilla </p> +<p style="top:402.9pt;left:393.8pt">may hold several Shipments. The owner may transfer the Ship-</p> +<p style="top:417.9pt;left:393.8pt">ment to another Guerrilla in the same space at any time (even as </p> +<p style="top:432.9pt;left:393.8pt">the Guerrilla is removed or replaced and including to another </p> +<p style="top:447.9pt;left:393.8pt">Faction’s Guerrilla). Shipments are only removed via Event (5.0) </p> +<p style="top:462.9pt;left:393.8pt">or as follows:</p> +<p style="top:482.4pt;left:393.8pt">• If a Guerrilla holding a Shipment is removed, the owner must </p> +<p style="top:497.4pt;left:405.0pt">immed iately transfer the Shipment to another Guerrilla if possible, </p> +<p style="top:512.4pt;left:405.0pt">otherwise remove it. </p> +<p style="top:531.0pt;left:393.8pt">• Players after executing Operations without Special Activities </p> +<p style="top:546.0pt;left:405.0pt">may remove a Shipment they own for a free, extra Limited </p> +<p style="top:561.0pt;left:405.0pt">Operation (2.3.6).</p> +<p style="top:579.6pt;left:393.8pt">• During the Resource Phase, all Shipments are removed and </p> +<p style="top:594.6pt;left:405.0pt">provide the owner either a Base or +6 Resources (6.3.3).</p> +<p style="top:618.6pt;left:393.8pt"><b>4.5.4 Bribe.</b> Bribes neutralize other Factions’ units or expose or </p> +<p style="top:633.6pt;left:393.8pt">hide Guerrillas but cost Resources (1.7). They may occur in any </p> +<p style="top:648.6pt;left:393.8pt">of up to 3 spaces, and may accompany any Cartels Operation.</p> +<p style="top:672.6pt;left:393.8pt">PROCEDURE: For each space, reduce Cartels Resources –3 and </p> +<p style="top:687.6pt;left:393.8pt">remove up to 2 cubes there, remove or flip up to 2 Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:702.6pt;left:393.8pt">there, or remove a Base there. <i>NOTE: Bribe is the only Special </i></p> +<p style="top:717.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Activity with a Resource cost.</i> </p> +<p style="top:741.6pt;left:393.8pt">CONTRABAND: The Cartels player may transfer any Shipments </p> +<p style="top:756.6pt;left:393.8pt">(4.5.3) removed by Bribe to any Guerrilla in the space.</p> +</div> +<div id="page10" style="background-image:url('rulebook10.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt">10</p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:348.0pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:337.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b>5.0 EVENTS</b></p> +<p style="top:361.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Each Event bears a title, italicized flavor text, and Event text. </i></p> +<p style="top:376.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Flavor text provides historical interest and has no effect on play. </i></p> +<p style="top:391.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Cards with text updated for this edition are marked “2nd Ed”.</i></p> +<p style="top:415.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>5.1 Executing Events</b></p> +<p style="top:432.0pt;left:56.2pt">When a Faction executes an Event, it carries out the Event text </p> +<p style="top:447.0pt;left:56.2pt">literally (sometimes involving actions or decisions by other </p> +<p style="top:462.0pt;left:56.2pt">Factions). Unless otherwise specified, the executing Faction </p> +<p style="top:477.0pt;left:56.2pt">makes all selections involved in implementing the text, such </p> +<p style="top:492.0pt;left:56.2pt">as which pieces are affected. <i>EXAMPLE: A Faction executing </i></p> +<p style="top:507.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>an Event that forces another Faction to Attack could choose </i></p> +<p style="top:522.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>the Attacking Faction; the Attacking Faction would make any </i></p> +<p style="top:537.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>selections allowed within the Event’s required Attack (per 3.1).</i> </p> +<p style="top:552.0pt;left:56.2pt">Some Events with lasting effects have markers as aids to play. </p> +<p style="top:567.0pt;left:56.2pt">(For Events that place FARC Zones, see 6.4.4.)</p> +<p style="top:591.0pt;left:56.2pt"><b>5.1.1</b> Where Event text contradicts rules, the Event takes prece-</p> +<p style="top:606.0pt;left:56.2pt">dence. <i>EXAMPLE: If the Event says any Guerrilla in a partic-</i></p> +<p style="top:621.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>ular space executes Terror or Ambush, even an already Active </i></p> +<p style="top:636.0pt;left:56.2pt"><i>Guerrilla there can do so.</i> However: </p> +<p style="top:655.5pt;left:56.2pt">• Events never place pieces that are not available (1.4.1); they </p> +<p style="top:670.5pt;left:67.5pt">remove rather than replace if the replacement is not available. </p> +<p style="top:689.1pt;left:56.2pt">• Events may not violate stacking (1.4.2, including no </p> +<p style="top:704.1pt;left:67.5pt">Government forces into FARC Zones, 6.4.4).</p> +<p style="top:722.7pt;left:56.2pt">• Events may not raise Aid beyond 29 or a Faction’s Resources </p> +<p style="top:737.7pt;left:67.5pt">beyond 99 (1.7).</p> +<p style="top:756.3pt;left:56.2pt">• Events never allow a Faction to execute a type of Operation </p> +<p style="top:771.3pt;left:67.5pt">or Special Activity available only to other Factions (3.0, 4.0).</p> +<p style="top:795.3pt;left:56.2pt"><b>5.1.2</b> If two Events contradict, the currently played Event takes </p> +<p style="top:810.3pt;left:56.2pt">precedence.</p> +<p style="top:830.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>EXAMPLE: “Former Military” could result in Assault against </i></p> +<p style="top:845.9pt;left:56.2pt"><i>FARC even if FARC had just played “Senado & Cámara”.</i></p> +<p style="top:869.9pt;left:56.2pt"><b>5.1.3</b> If not all of an executed Event’s text can be carried out, </p> +<p style="top:884.9pt;left:56.2pt">implement that which can.</p> +<p style="top:66.8pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>5.2 Dual Use</b></p> +<p style="top:83.8pt;left:393.8pt">Many Events have both unshaded and shaded Event text. The </p> +<p style="top:98.8pt;left:393.8pt">executing Faction may select either the unshaded or shaded text </p> +<p style="top:113.8pt;left:393.8pt">to carry out (not both). While the unshaded text often favors the </p> +<p style="top:128.8pt;left:393.8pt">Government, a player may select either text option regardless </p> +<p style="top:143.8pt;left:393.8pt">of Faction.</p> +<p style="top:164.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>DESIGN NOTE: Dual-use events represent opposed effects of </i></p> +<p style="top:179.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>the same cause, forks in the historical road, or instances subject </i></p> +<p style="top:194.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>to alternative historical interpretation.</i></p> +<p style="top:221.1pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>5.3 Govt Capabilities </b></p> +<p style="top:238.1pt;left:500.0pt">Dual-use Events marked “GOVT CAPA-</p> +<p style="top:253.1pt;left:500.0pt">BILITIES” have lasting effects that either </p> +<p style="top:268.1pt;left:500.0pt">help or hurt the Government. When exe-</p> +<p style="top:283.1pt;left:500.0pt">cuting such an Event, place the correspond-</p> +<p style="top:298.1pt;left:393.8pt">ing marker on the appropriate side in the Govt Capabilities box. </p> +<p style="top:313.1pt;left:393.8pt">The Event’s effects last for the rest of the game.</p> +<p style="top:339.9pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>5.4 Insurgent Momentum</b></p> +<p style="top:356.9pt;left:393.8pt">Dual-use shaded Event text marked “INSURGENT MOMEN-</p> +<p style="top:371.9pt;left:393.8pt">TUM” has lasting effects that hurt the Government. When ex-</p> +<p style="top:386.9pt;left:393.8pt">ecuting such shaded text, place the card in one of the Insurgent </p> +<p style="top:401.9pt;left:393.8pt">Momentum holding boxes. The effects last until the next Pro-</p> +<p style="top:416.9pt;left:393.8pt">paganda round’s Reset phase (6.6), when the card is discarded. </p> +<p style="top:431.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Note: The 2 holding boxes are intended for convenience and </i></p> +<p style="top:446.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>not a limit on the number of Insurgent Momentum Events that </i></p> +<p style="top:461.9pt;left:393.8pt"><i>can be in play.</i></p> +<p style="top:488.6pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>5.5 Free Operations</b></p> +<p style="top:505.6pt;left:393.8pt">Some Events allow the Executing or another Faction an im-</p> +<p style="top:520.6pt;left:393.8pt">mediate Operation or Special Activity that interrupts the usual </p> +<p style="top:535.6pt;left:393.8pt">sequence of play and typically is free: it bears no Resource cost </p> +<p style="top:550.6pt;left:393.8pt">and does not affect Eligibility (3.1.2, 2.3.1), though other require-</p> +<p style="top:565.6pt;left:393.8pt">ments remain unless trumped by Event text (5.1.1). </p> +<p style="top:589.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>EXAMPLE: Free Terror must Activate an Underground Guerrilla </i></p> +<p style="top:604.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>per 3.3.4, but Event text specifying Terror by “any Guerrilla” </i></p> +<p style="top:619.6pt;left:393.8pt"><i>could use an already Active Guerrilla.</i></p> +<p style="top:657.5pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b>6.0 PROPAGANDA ROUNDS</b></p> +<p style="top:681.9pt;left:393.8pt">Conduct a Propaganda Round in the sequence of phases below </p> +<p style="top:696.9pt;left:393.8pt">as each Propaganda Card is played. The Sequence of Play sheet </p> +<p style="top:711.9pt;left:393.8pt">and board also list this sequence. </p> +<p style="top:735.9pt;left:393.8pt"><b><i>EXCEPTION:</i></b> Never conduct more than 1 Propaganda Round </p> +<p style="top:750.9pt;left:393.8pt">in a row (without at least 1 Event card in between)—instead, </p> +<p style="top:765.9pt;left:393.8pt">additional Propaganda cards are played without a Propaganda </p> +<p style="top:780.9pt;left:393.8pt">Round. If such an additional Propaganda card is final (2.4.1), </p> +<p style="top:795.9pt;left:393.8pt">end the game and determine victory (7.3). </p> +<p style="top:822.6pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>6.1 Victory Phase</b></p> +<p style="top:839.6pt;left:393.8pt">If any Faction has met its Victory condition, the game ends (ex-</p> +<p style="top:854.6pt;left:393.8pt">ceptions: Non-player option [1.5]; 1-player [8.8]). See Victory </p> +<p style="top:869.6pt;left:393.8pt">(7.0) to determine winner and rank order. Otherwise, continue </p> +<p style="top:884.6pt;left:393.8pt">with the Propaganda Round. After completing the final Propa-</p> +<p style="top:899.6pt;left:393.8pt">ganda card’s Round (2.4.1), determine victory per 7.3.</p> +<p style="top:909.9pt;left:699.4pt"> </p> +<p style="top:87.2pt;left:259.8pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Card Number</i></b></p> +<p style="top:110.5pt;left:259.8pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Faction Order</i></b></p> +<p style="top:191.7pt;left:259.8pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Title</i></b></p> +<p style="top:206.7pt;left:259.8pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Italicized Flavor Text</i></b></p> +<p style="top:221.7pt;left:259.8pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Event Text</i></b></p> +<p style="top:249.3pt;left:259.8pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Lasting Effects Indicator</i></b></p> +<p style="top:278.0pt;left:259.8pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>Shaded Text</i></b></p> +<p style="top:291.5pt;left:259.8pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b><i>(see Dual Use 5.2)</i></b></p> +</div> +<div id="page11" style="background-image:url('rulebook11.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:696.4pt">11</p> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:346.0pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:66.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>6.2 Sabotage Phase</b></p> +<p style="top:68.0pt;left:303.7pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b> </b></p> +<p style="top:85.0pt;left:113.4pt">Sabotage (3.3.4) each unSabotaged LoC </p> +<p style="top:100.0pt;left:113.4pt">where total Guerrillas exceed cubes or </p> +<p style="top:115.0pt;left:113.4pt">for which an adjacent City is under </p> +<p style="top:130.0pt;left:113.4pt">FARC Control. </p> +<p style="top:156.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>6.3 Resources Phase</b></p> +<p style="top:173.8pt;left:56.2pt">Add to Factions’ Resources per the following sequence, to a </p> +<p style="top:188.8pt;left:56.2pt">maximum of 99 (1.7).</p> +<p style="top:212.8pt;left:56.2pt"><b>6.3.1 Government Earnings.</b> Add the total Economic value </p> +<p style="top:227.8pt;left:56.2pt">(1.3.4) of all LoCs that have no Sabotage markers (30 minus the </p> +<p style="top:242.8pt;left:56.2pt">Econ of Sabotaged LoCs) plus Aid. <b><i>Exception:</i></b> If El Presidente </p> +<p style="top:257.8pt;left:56.2pt">(6.4.3) is Samper, do not add Aid.</p> +<p style="top:281.8pt;left:56.2pt"><b>6.3.2 Insurgent Earnings.</b> Add to:</p> +<p style="top:301.2pt;left:56.2pt">• FARC and AUC: The number of its Bases.</p> +<p style="top:316.2pt;left:56.2pt">• Cartels: Three times its Bases.</p> +<p style="top:340.2pt;left:56.2pt"><b>6.3.3 Drug Profits. </b>FARC, then AUC, then Cartels remove </p> +<p style="top:355.2pt;left:56.2pt">any Shipments (5.2.2) that they own, selecting to receive for </p> +<p style="top:370.2pt;left:56.2pt">each either an available Base at the Shipment’s location (within </p> +<p style="top:385.2pt;left:56.2pt">stacking, 1.4.2) or +6 Resources.</p> +<p style="top:412.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>6.4 Support Phase</b></p> +<p style="top:429.0pt;left:56.2pt">The Government then FARC may spend Resources to affect </p> +<p style="top:444.0pt;left:56.2pt">popular Support and Opposition (1.6), then an Election is held.</p> +<p style="top:468.0pt;left:56.2pt"><b>6.4.1 Civic Action.</b> Government may spend any number of </p> +<p style="top:483.0pt;left:56.2pt">Resources to build Support in Govt-Controlled Cities or De-</p> +<p style="top:498.0pt;left:56.2pt">partments (1.8) that have both Troops and Police. Every 3 </p> +<p style="top:513.0pt;left:56.2pt">Resources spent removes 1 Terror marker or—once no Terror </p> +<p style="top:528.0pt;left:56.2pt">is in a space—shifts it 1 level toward Active Support. (Adjust </p> +<p style="top:543.0pt;left:56.2pt">Total Support, 1.6.3.)</p> +<p style="top:563.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>DESIGN NOTE: Troops and Police together provide the security </i></p> +<p style="top:578.6pt;left:56.2pt"><i>needed to make gains in popular support. See also Training, 3.2.1.</i></p> +<p style="top:602.6pt;left:56.2pt"><b>6.4.2 Agitation.</b> FARC similarly may spend Resources to encour-</p> +<p style="top:617.6pt;left:56.2pt">age Opposition in FARC-Controlled Cities or Departments (1.8). </p> +<p style="top:632.6pt;left:56.2pt">Every 1 Resource spent removes 1 Terror marker or—once no </p> +<p style="top:647.6pt;left:56.2pt">Terror is in a space—shifts it 1 level toward Active Opposition. </p> +<p style="top:662.6pt;left:56.2pt">(Adjust Opposition+Bases, 1.6.3.) (1-player: see 8.7.5.)</p> +<p style="top:686.6pt;left:56.2pt"><b>6.4.3 Election.</b> A track called El Presidente records who cur-</p> +<p style="top:701.6pt;left:56.2pt">rently is the President of Colombia and notes his effects. If El </p> +<p style="top:716.6pt;left:56.2pt">Presidente is Samper or Pastrana and Total Support is 60 or less, </p> +<p style="top:731.6pt;left:56.2pt">advance the El Presidente marker 1 box rightward and carry out </p> +<p style="top:746.6pt;left:56.2pt">the noted effect.</p> +<p style="top:766.1pt;left:56.2pt">• If Samper, the Government will not collect Resources from </p> +<p style="top:781.1pt;left:67.5pt">Aid during Propaganda Rounds (6.3.1; it may still do so via </p> +<p style="top:796.1pt;left:67.5pt">Events).</p> +<p style="top:814.7pt;left:56.2pt">• If Pastrana, the Government must immediately place 1 FARC </p> +<p style="top:829.7pt;left:67.5pt">Zone (below).</p> +<p style="top:848.3pt;left:56.2pt">• If Uribe, immediately remove all FARC Zones. (Events may </p> +<p style="top:863.3pt;left:67.5pt">still place them.)</p> +<p style="top:887.3pt;left:169.6pt"><b>6.4.4 FARC Zones.</b> Whenever Events or </p> +<p style="top:902.3pt;left:169.6pt">the El Presidente track (6.4.3) specify that </p> +<p style="top:917.3pt;left:169.6pt">a FARC Zone is to be placed, the Gov-</p> +<p style="top:66.9pt;left:393.8pt">ernment selects from among Departments with the most FARC </p> +<p style="top:81.9pt;left:393.8pt">pieces that is not already a FARC Zone to receive a FARC Zone </p> +<p style="top:96.9pt;left:393.8pt">marker. </p> +<p style="top:116.4pt;left:393.8pt">• The Government must immediately Redeploy any cubes (6.5; </p> +<p style="top:131.4pt;left:405.0pt">judge Control, 6.2, at the moment that a FARC Zone is placed) </p> +<p style="top:146.4pt;left:405.0pt">and remove any of its Bases there. </p> +<p style="top:165.0pt;left:393.8pt">• Government Forces may not enter or be placed into a FARC </p> +<p style="top:180.0pt;left:405.0pt">Zone Department (1.4.2), even by Event (5.1.1). </p> +<p style="top:204.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>EXAMPLE: The “Zona de Convivencia” Event places a FARC </i></p> +<p style="top:219.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Zone into the Mountain Department with the most FARC pieces. </i></p> +<p style="top:234.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>The Government player chooses among any Mountain spaces </i></p> +<p style="top:249.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>tied for most FARC pieces.</i></p> +<p style="top:273.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>PLAY NOTE: FARC Zones have no effect on Air Strikes (4.2.2), </i></p> +<p style="top:288.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>Eradication (4.2.3), or the movement or placement of Insurgent </i></p> +<p style="top:303.0pt;left:393.8pt"><i>forces.</i></p> +<p style="top:327.0pt;left:393.8pt"><b>6.4.5 Elite Backing.</b> AUC now may free Rally (3.3.1) in 1 space </p> +<p style="top:342.0pt;left:393.8pt">with neither Opposition, nor Govt Control, nor FARC Control </p> +<p style="top:357.0pt;left:393.8pt">(1.8). </p> +<p style="top:383.7pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>6.5 Redeploy Phase</b></p> +<p style="top:400.7pt;left:393.8pt">The Government relocates its forces as described below. Control </p> +<p style="top:415.7pt;left:393.8pt">does not change until all Redeployment is complete.</p> +<p style="top:439.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>6.5.1</b> The Government <i>must</i> move any Troops on LoCs or in </p> +<p style="top:454.7pt;left:393.8pt">Departments without Government Bases to Govt-Controlled </p> +<p style="top:469.7pt;left:393.8pt">spaces (1.8) that either are Cities or have Government Bases (if </p> +<p style="top:484.7pt;left:393.8pt">no such spaces, then to Bogotá).</p> +<p style="top:508.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>6.5.2 </b>The Government <i>may</i> move any other Troops to such </p> +<p style="top:523.7pt;left:393.8pt">Govt-Controlled Cities or Bases. </p> +<p style="top:547.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>6.5.3</b> The Government <i>may</i> move any Police to any LoCs or </p> +<p style="top:562.7pt;left:393.8pt">Govt-Controlled spaces. </p> +<p style="top:586.7pt;left:393.8pt"><b>6.5.4</b> Once all Redeployment is finished, Control of all Cities </p> +<p style="top:601.7pt;left:393.8pt">and Departments adjusts per 1.8.</p> +<p style="top:625.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>DESIGN AND PLAY NOTE: While Troops are the Government’s </i></p> +<p style="top:640.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>main means of attacking Insurgents in the countryside, Police </i></p> +<p style="top:655.7pt;left:393.8pt"><i>are its main means of maintaining presence over time. </i></p> +<p style="top:682.5pt;left:393.8pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>6.6 Reset Phase</b></p> +<p style="top:699.5pt;left:393.8pt">Prepare for the next card as follows:</p> +<p style="top:719.0pt;left:393.8pt">• Mark all Factions Eligible (2.3.1). </p> +<p style="top:737.6pt;left:393.8pt">• Remove all Terror and Sabotage markers. </p> +<p style="top:756.2pt;left:393.8pt">• Place any cards in the Insurgent Momentum holding boxes </p> +<p style="top:771.2pt;left:405.0pt">onto the played cards—their Events’ effects no longer apply </p> +<p style="top:786.2pt;left:405.0pt">(5.4). </p> +<p style="top:804.8pt;left:393.8pt">• Flip all Guerrillas to Underground (1.4.3). </p> +<p style="top:823.4pt;left:393.8pt">• Play the next card from the draw deck and reveal the draw </p> +<p style="top:838.4pt;left:405.0pt">deck’s new top card (2.3.8). </p> +<p style="top:862.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>PLAY NOTE: In the final Round of the game, players should </i></p> +<p style="top:877.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>conduct as much Civic Action and Agitation as possible (6.4.1-2) </i></p> +<p style="top:892.4pt;left:393.8pt"><i>and can skip the Redeploy and Reset phases (6.5-6).</i></p> +</div> + +<div id="page12" style="background-image:url('rulebook12.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:56.2pt">12</p> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:348.0pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b>7.0 VICTORY </b></p> +<p style="top:91.6pt;left:56.2pt">Each Faction has unique victory conditions, covered below and </p> +<p style="top:106.6pt;left:56.2pt">on the Faction aid sheets.</p> +<p style="top:133.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>7.1 Ranking Wins and Breaking Ties </b></p> +<p style="top:150.4pt;left:56.2pt">If any Non-player Faction (8.0) passes a victory check (7.2), all </p> +<p style="top:165.4pt;left:56.2pt">players lose equally. Otherwise, whenever any player does so or </p> +<p style="top:180.4pt;left:56.2pt">if none does by game end, the Faction that reached the highest </p> +<p style="top:195.4pt;left:56.2pt">victory margin (7.3) comes in 1st place, 2nd-highest comes in </p> +<p style="top:210.4pt;left:56.2pt">2nd place, and so on. Ties go to Non-players, then Cartels, then </p> +<p style="top:225.4pt;left:56.2pt">AUC, then FARC. (See also 1-player victory, 8.8.)</p> +<p style="top:252.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>7.2 During Propaganda Rounds</b></p> +<p style="top:269.1pt;left:56.2pt">Check victory at the start of each Propaganda Round (6.1). </p> +<p style="top:284.1pt;left:56.2pt">Victory conditions are:</p> +<p style="top:303.6pt;left:56.2pt">• Government: Total Support exceeds 60.</p> +<p style="top:322.2pt;left:56.2pt">• FARC: Total Opposition plus the number of FARC Bases </p> +<p style="top:337.2pt;left:67.5pt">exceeds 25.</p> +<p style="top:355.8pt;left:56.2pt">• AUC: AUC has more Bases than FARC. </p> +<p style="top:374.4pt;left:56.2pt">• Cartels: Cartels have more than 10 Bases and have Resources </p> +<p style="top:389.4pt;left:67.5pt">above 40. </p> +<p style="top:416.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:15.0pt"><b>7.3 After Final Propaganda </b></p> +<p style="top:433.2pt;left:56.2pt">If the final Propaganda Round (2.4.1) is completed without a </p> +<p style="top:448.2pt;left:56.2pt">victory check win (7.2), the Faction with the highest victory </p> +<p style="top:463.2pt;left:56.2pt">margin wins. A Victory Margin is the amount a Faction is beyond </p> +<p style="top:478.2pt;left:56.2pt">or short of its victory condition set forth in 7.2.</p> +<p style="top:498.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>NOTE: The victory margin will be positive if the Faction has </i></p> +<p style="top:513.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>reached its goal, negative or zero if it has not. See the Playbook’s </i></p> +<p style="top:528.8pt;left:56.2pt"><i>tutorial for a full example of victory determination.</i></p> +<p style="top:552.8pt;left:56.2pt"><b>• Government:</b> Total Support – 60. </p> +<p style="top:567.8pt;left:56.2pt"><b>• FARC:</b> Total Opposition + FARC Bases – 25. </p> +<p style="top:582.8pt;left:56.2pt"><b>• AUC:</b> AUC Bases – FARC Bases.</p> +<p style="top:597.8pt;left:56.2pt"><b>• Cartels:</b> Take the <i>lower</i> of the following: Cartels Bases – 10, </p> +<p style="top:612.8pt;left:67.5pt">or Cartels Resources – 40.</p> +</div> + +<div id="page19" style="background-image:url('rulebook19.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:36.6pt;left:346.0pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:67.3pt;left:301.6pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b>KEY TERMS INDEX</b></p> +<p style="top:94.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Accompanying:</b> Operation required for Spe-</p> +<p style="top:107.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">cial Activity. (4.1.1)</p> +<p style="top:124.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Activate:</b> Flip or leave Guerrilla Active. (1.4.3)</p> +<p style="top:141.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Active:</b> Guerrilla symbol end up: vulnerable to </p> +<p style="top:154.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">Assault or Air Strike (1.4.3); City or Depart-</p> +<p style="top:167.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">ment in open Support or Opposition (1.6.1).</p> +<p style="top:184.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Adjacent:</b> Spaces next to each other for move-</p> +<p style="top:197.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">ment or Events. (1.3.3)</p> +<p style="top:214.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Agitate: </b>FARC action during Propaganda to </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">increase Opposition. (6.4.2)</p> +<p style="top:243.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Aid: </b>Foreign assistance that adds to Govern-</p> +<p style="top:257.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">ment Resources during Propaganda Rounds or </p> +<p style="top:270.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">by Event.(1.7, 6.3.1)</p> +<p style="top:286.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Air Lift:</b> Government Special Activity that </p> +<p style="top:300.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">moves Troops. (4.2.1)</p> +<p style="top:316.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Air Strike: </b>Government Special Activity that </p> +<p style="top:329.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">removes enemy piece. (4.2.2)</p> +<p style="top:346.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Ambush:</b> FARC/AUC Special Activity ensur-</p> +<p style="top:359.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">ing Attack success. (4.3.2, 4.4.1)</p> +<p style="top:376.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Attack:</b> Insurgent Operation that removes </p> +<p style="top:389.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">enemy pieces. (3.3.3)</p> +<p style="top:406.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Assassinate:</b> AUC Special Activity that re-</p> +<p style="top:419.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">moves enemy piece. (4.4.2)</p> +<p style="top:436.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Assault:</b> Government Operation that removes </p> +<p style="top:449.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">enemy pieces. (3.2.4)</p> +<p style="top:466.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>AUC: </b>An Insurgent Faction (Autodefensas </p> +<p style="top:479.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">Unidas de Colombia: United Self-Defense </p> +<p style="top:492.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">Forces of Colombia). (1.0, 1.5)</p> +<p style="top:508.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Available:</b> Force pieces in holding boxes that </p> +<p style="top:522.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">may be placed. (1.4.1)</p> +<p style="top:538.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Base:</b> Mostly-immobile force pieces that affect </p> +<p style="top:551.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">Rally, Resources, and Victory, among other </p> +<p style="top:565.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">functions. (1.4)</p> +<p style="top:581.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Bases Last: </b>Requirement for some actions that </p> +<p style="top:594.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">a target Faction have no cubes or Guerrillas in a </p> +<p style="top:608.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">space before its Bases can be removed. (3.2.4, </p> +<p style="top:621.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">3.3.3, 4.2.2)</p> +<p style="top:637.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Bribe: </b>Cartels Special Activity that removes </p> +<p style="top:651.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">or flips pieces. (4.5.4)</p> +<p style="top:667.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Campaign:</b> Event card series leading up to a </p> +<p style="top:680.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">Propaganda Round. (2.4.1)</p> +<p style="top:697.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Captured Goods:</b> Place Guerrilla or take </p> +<p style="top:710.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">Shipment via Attack. (3.3.3.2) </p> +<p style="top:727.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Cartels: </b>An Insurgent Faction: Colombian </p> +<p style="top:740.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">narco-traffickers. (1.0, 1.5)</p> +<p style="top:757.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>City: </b>Type of space: urban areas. (1.3.3)</p> +<p style="top:774.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Civic Action: </b>Government action to increase </p> +<p style="top:787.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">Support. (3.2.1, 6.4.1)</p> +<p style="top:803.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Coastal:</b> Space touching blue area (including </p> +<p style="top:817.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">Panamá, Ecuador, and Atlántico). (1.3.4)</p> +<p style="top:833.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>COIN (Counterinsugency): </b>Government </p> +<p style="top:846.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">Operations. (3.2)</p> +<p style="top:863.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Commandeer: </b>Take Shipment via Assassinate. </p> +<p style="top:876.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">(4.4.3) </p> +<p style="top:893.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Contraband: </b>Shipment transfer via Bribe. </p> +<p style="top:906.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">(4.5.4) </p> +<p style="top:94.6pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Control:</b> Possession of more Forces in a De-</p> +<p style="top:107.8pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">partment or City by Government or FARC than </p> +<p style="top:120.9pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">all others combined. (1.8, 3.2.1, 4.3.1)</p> +<p style="top:137.6pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Cost:</b> Resources given up for an Operation. </p> +<p style="top:150.7pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">(3.1)</p> +<p style="top:167.5pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Cylinder:</b> Token to mark a Faction’s Resources </p> +<p style="top:180.6pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">or Eligibility (1.7, 2.2)</p> +<p style="top:197.3pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Cube: </b>Troops or Police piece. (1.4)</p> +<p style="top:214.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Cultivate:</b> Cartels Special Activity to place or </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">relocate a Base. (4.5.1)</p> +<p style="top:243.9pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Department (Dept):</b> Type of space represent-</p> +<p style="top:257.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">ing rural areas. (1.3.2)</p> +<p style="top:273.7pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Deployment: </b>Initial set up of forces. (2.1, back </p> +<p style="top:286.9pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">of rulebook)</p> +<p style="top:303.6pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Drug Bust: </b>Assault removing Shipment for </p> +<p style="top:316.7pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">Aid. (3.2.5)<b> </b></p> +<p style="top:333.4pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Drug Ransom: </b>Take Shipment via Kidnap. </p> +<p style="top:346.6pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">(4.3.3) </p> +<p style="top:363.3pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Dual Use: </b>Event with 2 alternative effects. (5.2)</p> +<p style="top:380.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Economic Value (Econ): </b>Resources that an </p> +<p style="top:393.1pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">unSabotaged LoC will provide Government </p> +<p style="top:406.3pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">each Propaganda Round. (1.3.4, 6.3.1) </p> +<p style="top:423.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Eligible: </b>Faction able to execute Event or </p> +<p style="top:436.1pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">Operation: per Faction order, 1st and 2nd Eli-</p> +<p style="top:449.2pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">gible. (2.3.1-.2)</p> +<p style="top:466.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Elite Backing: </b>AUC option to free Rally </p> +<p style="top:479.1pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">during the Support Phase. (6.4.5) </p> +<p style="top:495.8pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>El Presidente:</b> Track showing current Presi-</p> +<p style="top:508.9pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">dent of Colombia. (6.4.3)</p> +<p style="top:525.7pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Enemy: </b>Assets of another Faction than the </p> +<p style="top:538.8pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">executing Faction. (1.5)</p> +<p style="top:555.5pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Eradicate:</b> Government Special Activity to </p> +<p style="top:568.6pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">remove rural Cartels Bases and add Aid. (4.2.3)</p> +<p style="top:585.4pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Event:</b> Card with Faction order and text a </p> +<p style="top:598.5pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">Faction may execute. (2.3, 5.0)</p> +<p style="top:615.2pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Execute:</b> Implement Event or conduct Opera-</p> +<p style="top:628.3pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">tion or Special Activity. (2.3)</p> +<p style="top:645.1pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Extort:</b> FARC/AUC Special Activity that adds </p> +<p style="top:658.2pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">Resources. (4.3.1, 4.4.1)</p> +<p style="top:674.9pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Faction:</b> Player or Non-Player role: Govt, </p> +<p style="top:688.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">FARC, AUC, Cartels. (1.5)</p> +<p style="top:704.8pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Faction Order:</b> Card symbols determining 1st </p> +<p style="top:717.9pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">and 2nd Eligible. (2.3.2)</p> +<p style="top:734.6pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>FARC: </b>An Insurgent Faction (Fuerzas Arma-</p> +<p style="top:747.7pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">das Revolucionarias de Colombia: Revolu-</p> +<p style="top:760.9pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">tionary Armed Forces of Colombia). (1.0, 1.5)</p> +<p style="top:777.6pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>FARC Zone:</b> Dept that Govt forces may not </p> +<p style="top:790.7pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">enter. (1.4.2, 6.4.4)</p> +<p style="top:807.4pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Final:</b> 4th (optionally, 3rd) Propaganda card’s </p> +<p style="top:820.6pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">round, game end. (2.4.1, 7.3)</p> +<p style="top:837.3pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Flip: </b>Switch Guerrilla between Underground </p> +<p style="top:850.4pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">and Active. (1.4.3)</p> +<p style="top:867.1pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Forces:</b> Troops, Police, Guerrillas, or Bases </p> +<p style="top:880.3pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">(pieces). (1.4)</p> +<p style="top:897.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Foreign Country: </b>State bordering Colombia. </p> +<p style="top:910.1pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">(1.3.5)</p> +<p style="top:94.6pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Forest (Tropical):</b> Department type that hin-</p> +<p style="top:107.8pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">ders Sweep. (1.3.2, 3.2.3)</p> +<p style="top:124.5pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Free: </b>Operation or Special Activity via Event </p> +<p style="top:137.6pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">or Shipping that does not cost Resources or </p> +<p style="top:150.7pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">affect Eligibility. (2.3.6, 3.1.2, 5.5)</p> +<p style="top:167.5pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Friendly: </b>Assets of the executing Faction.</p> +<p style="top:184.2pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Government (Govt):</b> The non-Insurgent Fac-</p> +<p style="top:197.3pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">tion. (1.0, 1.5)</p> +<p style="top:214.0pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Govt Capabilities: </b>Enduring event effects that </p> +<p style="top:227.2pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">help or hurt Government actions. (5.3)</p> +<p style="top:243.9pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Grassland:</b> Department type that does not </p> +<p style="top:257.0pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">hinder Operations. (1.3.2)</p> +<p style="top:273.7pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Guerrilla: </b>Mobile Insurgent forces piece. (1.4)</p> +<p style="top:290.5pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Ineffective Events:</b> Non-player avoidance of </p> +<p style="top:303.6pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">Events without effect (8.1).</p> +<p style="top:320.3pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Ineligible:</b> Faction skipped in Faction order. </p> +<p style="top:333.4pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">(2.3.1-.2)</p> +<p style="top:350.2pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Insurgent:</b> FARC, AUC, or Cartels Faction. </p> +<p style="top:363.3pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">(1.0)</p> +<p style="top:380.0pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Insurgent Discord: </b>A Sequence of Play </p> +<p style="top:393.1pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">exception in 2-player games that blocks the </p> +<p style="top:406.3pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">FARC player from determining Non-player </p> +<p style="top:419.4pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">Event use. (8.1)</p> +<p style="top:436.1pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Insurgent Momentum:</b> Events whose shaded </p> +<p style="top:449.2pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">portion stays in effect until next Propaganda </p> +<p style="top:462.4pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">Round. (5.4)</p> +<p style="top:479.1pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Kidnap:</b> FARC Special Activity that transfers </p> +<p style="top:492.2pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">Resources. (4.3.3)</p> +<p style="top:508.9pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Level:</b> Support/Opposition status of a space. </p> +<p style="top:522.1pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">(1.6.1)</p> +<p style="top:538.8pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Limited Operation (LimOp):</b> A player Op-</p> +<p style="top:551.9pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">eration in just 1 (destination) space, with no </p> +<p style="top:565.0pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">Special Activity. (2.3.5)</p> +<p style="top:581.8pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>LoC:</b> Line of Communication: Pipeline or </p> +<p style="top:594.9pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">Road. (1.3.4)</p> +<p style="top:611.6pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>March:</b> Insurgent Operation to move Guer-</p> +<p style="top:624.7pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">rillas. (3.3.2)</p> +<p style="top:641.5pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Mountain:</b> Department type that hinders As-</p> +<p style="top:654.6pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">sault. (1.3.2, 3.2.4)</p> +<p style="top:671.3pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Non-Player:</b> Faction controlled by the game. </p> +<p style="top:684.4pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">(1.5, 8.0)</p> +<p style="top:701.2pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Neutral: </b>Space not in Support nor Opposition. </p> +<p style="top:714.3pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">(1.6.1)</p> +<p style="top:731.0pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Open Deployment: </b>Option with latitude in set </p> +<p style="top:744.1pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">up of player forces. (2.1)</p> +<p style="top:760.9pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Operation (Op): </b>Core action Faction performs </p> +<p style="top:774.0pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">with its forces. (3.0)</p> +<p style="top:790.7pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Opposition:</b> Status of space’s population </p> +<p style="top:803.8pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">against the Government. (1.6)</p> +<p style="top:820.6pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Opposition + Bases: </b>Total Opposition plus </p> +<p style="top:833.7pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">the number of FARC Bases on the map. (1.6.3, </p> +<p style="top:846.8pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">7.2-.3)</p> +<p style="top:863.5pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Overflow: </b>Boxes and markers to help manage </p> +<p style="top:876.7pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">occasional cases of Forces overcrowding. (1.4)</p> +<p style="top:893.4pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Pass:</b> Decline to execute an Event or Op when </p> +<p style="top:906.5pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">Eligible. (2.3.3)</p> +</div> + +<div id="page20" style="background-image:url('rulebook20.jpg');width:765.0pt;height:990.0pt"> +<p style="top:37.6pt;left:348.0pt"><b><i>Andean Abyss</i></b></p> +<p style="top:940.8pt;left:335.4pt;font-size:10.0pt"><i>© 2018 GMT Games, LLC</i></p> +<p style="top:69.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Passive:</b> City or Department in reserved Sup-</p> +<p style="top:82.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">port or Opposition. (1.6.1)</p> +<p style="top:98.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Pastrana:</b> Andrés Pastrana Arango: El Presi-</p> +<p style="top:112.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">dente 1998-2002, after Samper. (6.4.3)</p> +<p style="top:128.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Patrol:</b> Government Operation to protect </p> +<p style="top:141.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">LoCs. (3.2.2)</p> +<p style="top:158.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Pawn:</b> Token to designate spaces selected for </p> +<p style="top:171.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">Operation (black) or Special Activity (white). </p> +<p style="top:184.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">(3.1.1)</p> +<p style="top:201.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Phase:</b> Segment of a Propaganda Round. (6.0)</p> +<p style="top:218.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Piece:</b> Force unit: Troop or Police cube, Guer-</p> +<p style="top:231.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">rilla, or Base (not a marker like Shipment). (1.4)</p> +<p style="top:248.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Pipeline:</b> LoC type representing petroleum or </p> +<p style="top:261.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">gas pipelines and parallel or nearby road or </p> +<p style="top:274.3pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">rail. (1.3.4)</p> +<p style="top:291.1pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Place:</b> Move a piece from Available to map. </p> +<p style="top:304.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">(1.4.1)</p> +<p style="top:320.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Police:</b> Govt forces that maintain rural control </p> +<p style="top:334.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">and hinder crime. (1.4)</p> +<p style="top:350.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Population (Pop): </b>Representation of the pop-</p> +<p style="top:363.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">ulace of a Department or City, about 1 million </p> +<p style="top:377.0pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">people per point. (1.3.2-.3)</p> +<p style="top:393.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Priorities: </b>Rules guiding Non-player Factions. </p> +<p style="top:406.9pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">(8.0)</p> +<p style="top:423.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Process:</b> Cartels Special Activity to prepare </p> +<p style="top:436.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">Shipment or liquidate Base. (4.5.2)</p> +<p style="top:453.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Propaganda: </b>Cards triggering Rounds of the </p> +<p style="top:466.6pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">same name that include victory checks, Re-</p> +<p style="top:479.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">source acquisition, and several other periodic </p> +<p style="top:492.8pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">functions. (2.4, 6.0)</p> +<p style="top:509.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Rally: </b>Insurgent Operation to place or regroup </p> +<p style="top:522.7pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">pieces. (3.3.1)</p> +<p style="top:539.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Redeploy:</b> Propaganda phase in which Gov-</p> +<p style="top:552.5pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">ernment moves cubes. (6.5)</p> +<p style="top:569.2pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Remove:</b> Take from map (forces to Available). </p> +<p style="top:582.4pt;left:56.2pt;font-size:11.2pt">(1.4.1)</p> +<p style="top:69.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Replace:</b> Exchange pieces between Available </p> +<p style="top:82.1pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">and map. (1.4.1)</p> +<p style="top:98.8pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Reset: </b>Propaganda phase to ready for next </p> +<p style="top:112.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">card. (6.6)</p> +<p style="top:128.7pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Resources:</b> Factions’ wherewithal for Opera-</p> +<p style="top:141.8pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">tions and other actions. (1.7)</p> +<p style="top:158.5pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Road:</b> LoC representing transport route such </p> +<p style="top:171.7pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">as highway or rail. (1.3.4)</p> +<p style="top:188.4pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Sabotage:</b> Place a Sabotage marker on a LoC </p> +<p style="top:201.5pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">that does not have one, temporarily damaging </p> +<p style="top:214.6pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">it to block addition of Government Resources. </p> +<p style="top:227.8pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">(3.3.4, 6.2, 6.3)</p> +<p style="top:244.5pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Samper:</b> Ernesto Samper Pizano: El Presidente </p> +<p style="top:257.6pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">1994-1998 and at game start. (2.1, 6.4.3)</p> +<p style="top:274.3pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Select:</b> Choose an action’s locations or targets. </p> +<p style="top:287.5pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">(3.1, 3.1.1, 4.1, 5.1)</p> +<p style="top:304.2pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Shaded:</b> 2nd text choice of Dual-Use Event, </p> +<p style="top:317.3pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">often anti-Government. (5.2)</p> +<p style="top:334.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Shift:</b> Change a space’s Support/Opposition. </p> +<p style="top:347.2pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">(1.6.1)</p> +<p style="top:363.9pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Ship:</b> Deliver Shipment and use proceeds for </p> +<p style="top:377.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">immediate operation. (2.3.6)</p> +<p style="top:393.7pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Shipment: </b>Marker representing major cache of </p> +<p style="top:406.9pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">processed drugs awaiting delivery to market. </p> +<p style="top:420.0pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">(4.5.3)</p> +<p style="top:436.7pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Space:</b> Map area that holds pieces in play: </p> +<p style="top:449.8pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">Department, City, LoC. (1.3.1)</p> +<p style="top:466.6pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Special Activities: </b>Actions accompanying </p> +<p style="top:479.7pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">Operations; most are cost-free and unique to </p> +<p style="top:492.8pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">a Faction. (4.0)</p> +<p style="top:509.5pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Stacking: </b>Limits on pieces that can occupy a </p> +<p style="top:522.7pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">space. (1.4.2)</p> +<p style="top:539.4pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Standard Deployment: </b>Option with pre-de-</p> +<p style="top:552.5pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">termined set up of forces. (2.1)</p> +<p style="top:569.2pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Support:</b> Status of space’s population favoring </p> +<p style="top:582.4pt;left:279.4pt;font-size:11.2pt">the Government. (1.6)</p> +<p style="top:69.0pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Sweep:</b> Government Operation to move Troops </p> +<p style="top:82.1pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">into a space and flip Guerrillas Active. (3.2.3)</p> +<p style="top:98.8pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Target:</b> Enemy Faction or piece that is the </p> +<p style="top:112.0pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">object of an Operation, Special Activity, or </p> +<p style="top:125.1pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">Event. (3.1, 4.1)</p> +<p style="top:141.8pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Terror:</b> Insurgent Operation that places marker </p> +<p style="top:154.9pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">of same name in City or Department or Sabo-</p> +<p style="top:168.1pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">tage on LoC. (3.3.4)</p> +<p style="top:184.8pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Total Opposition:</b> Passive Opposition Popula-</p> +<p style="top:197.9pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">tion plus twice Active Opposition Population. </p> +<p style="top:211.0pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">(1.6.3)</p> +<p style="top:227.8pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Total Support:</b> Passive Support Population </p> +<p style="top:240.9pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">plus twice Active Support Population. (1.6.3)</p> +<p style="top:257.6pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Town: </b>Map feature that bounds LoCs (not a </p> +<p style="top:270.7pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">space). (1.3.3)</p> +<p style="top:287.5pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Train:</b> Govt Operation to place pieces and </p> +<p style="top:300.6pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">conduct Civic Action. (3.2.1)</p> +<p style="top:317.3pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Transfer: </b>Give Resource or Shipment to an-</p> +<p style="top:330.4pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">other Faction. (1.5.1)</p> +<p style="top:347.2pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Troops:</b> Mobile Govt forces specializing in </p> +<p style="top:360.3pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">Sweep and rural Assault. (1.4)</p> +<p style="top:377.0pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Uncontrolled: </b>A City or Dept with neither </p> +<p style="top:390.1pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">Govt nor FARC Control. (6.2)</p> +<p style="top:406.9pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Underground:</b> Guerrilla, symbol end down: </p> +<p style="top:420.0pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">not subject to Assault or Air Strike and capable </p> +<p style="top:433.1pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">of Terror or Ambush. (1.4.3)</p> +<p style="top:449.8pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Unshaded:</b> 1st text choice of Dual-Use Event, </p> +<p style="top:463.0pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">often pro-Government. (5.2)</p> +<p style="top:479.7pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Uribe:</b> Álvaro Uribe Vélez, El Presidente </p> +<p style="top:492.8pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">2002-2010, after Pastrana. (6.4.3)</p> +<p style="top:509.5pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt"><b>Victory Margin:</b> Calculation, unique to a Fac-</p> +<p style="top:522.7pt;left:502.5pt;font-size:11.2pt">tion, of closeness to its victory condition. (7.3)</p> +<p style="top:651.5pt;left:225.5pt;font-size:21.3pt"><b>AVAILABLE FORCES (1.4.1)</b></p> +<p style="top:675.8pt;left:225.5pt"><i>(Total, before set up)</i></p> +<p style="top:699.8pt;left:225.5pt"><b><i> </i></b></p> +<p style="top:699.8pt;left:283.6pt"><b><i>Government </i></b></p> +<p style="top:699.8pt;left:366.9pt"><b><i>FARC </i></b></p> +<p style="top:699.8pt;left:426.4pt"><b><i>AUC </i></b></p> +<p style="top:699.8pt;left:477.1pt"><b><i>Cartels</i></b></p> +<p style="top:723.8pt;left:225.5pt"> Troops </p> +<p style="top:723.8pt;left:304.6pt">30 x </p> +<p style="top:723.8pt;left:380.9pt">- </p> +<p style="top:723.8pt;left:437.2pt">- </p> +<p style="top:723.8pt;left:493.4pt">-</p> +<p style="top:747.8pt;left:225.5pt"> Police </p> +<p style="top:747.8pt;left:304.6pt">30 x </p> +<p style="top:747.8pt;left:380.9pt">- </p> +<p style="top:747.8pt;left:437.2pt">- </p> +<p style="top:747.8pt;left:493.4pt">-</p> +<p style="top:771.8pt;left:225.5pt"> Guerrillas </p> +<p style="top:771.8pt;left:313.4pt">- </p> +<p style="top:771.8pt;left:370.5pt"> 30 x </p> +<p style="top:771.8pt;left:426.8pt"> 18 x </p> +<p style="top:771.8pt;left:484.6pt">12 x</p> +<p style="top:795.8pt;left:225.5pt"> Bases </p> +<p style="top:795.8pt;left:307.7pt">3 x </p> +<p style="top:795.8pt;left:373.7pt"> 9 x </p> +<p style="top:795.8pt;left:429.9pt"> 6 x </p> +<p style="top:795.8pt;left:483.0pt"> 15 x</p> +<p style="top:893.4pt;left:331.7pt"><b>GMT Games, LLC</b></p> +<p style="top:907.7pt;left:219.2pt;font-size:11.9pt"><b> </b>P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 • www.GMTGames.com</p> +</div> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/info/rulebook1.jpg b/info/rulebook1.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2666781 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook1.jpg diff --git a/info/rulebook1.png b/info/rulebook1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5c497f --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook1.png diff --git a/info/rulebook10.jpg b/info/rulebook10.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2fca53c --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook10.jpg diff --git a/info/rulebook10.png b/info/rulebook10.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c919e15 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook10.png diff --git a/info/rulebook11.jpg b/info/rulebook11.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8cf4416 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook11.jpg diff --git a/info/rulebook11.png b/info/rulebook11.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..5c001a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook11.png diff --git a/info/rulebook12.jpg b/info/rulebook12.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f7356e --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook12.jpg diff --git a/info/rulebook12.png b/info/rulebook12.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2776829 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook12.png diff --git a/info/rulebook19.jpg b/info/rulebook19.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b0f7f7c --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook19.jpg diff --git a/info/rulebook19.png b/info/rulebook19.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd3d1c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook19.png diff --git a/info/rulebook2.jpg b/info/rulebook2.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e1f115 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook2.jpg diff --git a/info/rulebook2.png b/info/rulebook2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..23fa350 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook2.png diff --git a/info/rulebook20.jpg b/info/rulebook20.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb1a5c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook20.jpg diff --git a/info/rulebook20.png b/info/rulebook20.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..d647535 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook20.png diff --git a/info/rulebook3.jpg b/info/rulebook3.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a6f2886 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook3.jpg diff --git a/info/rulebook3.png b/info/rulebook3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..452a43a --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook3.png diff --git a/info/rulebook4.jpg b/info/rulebook4.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce0bd57 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook4.jpg diff --git a/info/rulebook4.png b/info/rulebook4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..08af3f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook4.png diff --git a/info/rulebook5.jpg b/info/rulebook5.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0fd3974 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook5.jpg diff --git a/info/rulebook5.png b/info/rulebook5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..cbba68e --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook5.png diff --git a/info/rulebook6.jpg b/info/rulebook6.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3087c97 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook6.jpg diff --git a/info/rulebook6.png b/info/rulebook6.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..d960baf --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook6.png diff --git a/info/rulebook7.jpg b/info/rulebook7.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..aa145cd --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook7.jpg diff --git a/info/rulebook7.png b/info/rulebook7.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ab101d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook7.png diff --git a/info/rulebook8.jpg b/info/rulebook8.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ab01f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook8.jpg diff --git a/info/rulebook8.png b/info/rulebook8.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a7aa26 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook8.png diff --git a/info/rulebook9.jpg b/info/rulebook9.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..de87c72 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook9.jpg diff --git a/info/rulebook9.png b/info/rulebook9.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0f3261 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/rulebook9.png |
